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FuturE All of these changes will have significant impacts upon all human populations and the wider ecosystem of the earth. The Stern Review notes that ‘the poorest developing countries will be hit earliest and hardest by climate change, even though they have contributed little to causing the problem’. 9 In Africa, for example, agricultural production is projected to be severely compromised as early as 2020, and food production in other areas will be compromised. Progress toward achievement of the UN Millennium Development Goals is likely to be impeded and by the mid 21st century there are likely to be 200 million refugees as a result of climate change. 10 For global warming as low as 1.5°C, it is estimated that 30% of species face an increased risk of extinction, while for warming of 3.5°C, 40–70% of species may become extinct. 11 While there was some legitimate debate during the early stages of the development of scientific models of climate change regarding their accuracy, there is now an overwhelming scientific consensus that the analysis provided in the IPCC report is robust and reliable. 12 Even in the most optimistic scenario identified in the report, where there is international action to bring rapid and significant cuts in greenhouse gas emissions, the associated rise in global temperatures of 2°C by the end of the 21st century will make many areas of human population uninhabitable and cause the extinction of many plant and animal species. It is important to note that while much progress has been made in understanding climate change, the scientific view continues to develop. Some new research released since publication of the IPCC report suggests climate change will occur even faster than the IPCC estimates. 13 Regardless of whether this is eventually accepted into the consensus scientific view, the conclusions of the current IPCC report are sufficiently robust to suggest that it is now morally irresponsible to fail to act on this analysis of our current situation. � � � � � 9 Stern Review Report on The Economics of Climate Change (London: Cabinet Office – H. M. Treasury, 2005), www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/sternreview_index.htm, xxvi. 10 IPCC, ‘Synthesis Report Summary’, 11, Table SPM-2, 18; N. Myers, ‘Environmental Refugees: An Emergent Security Issue’, Paper presented at the 13th Economic Forum, Prague, 23–27 May 2005, www.osce.org/documents/eea/2005/05/14488_en.pdf. 11 IPCC, ‘Synthesis Report Summary’, 13–14. 12 See the DEFRA position on climate change (http://www.defra.gov.uk/ENVIRON- MENT/ climatechange/index.htm); The United Nations Framework Commission on Climate Change (http://unfccc.int/2860.php); the United Nations Environment Programme Global Environment Outlook Report (www.unep.org/geo/geo4/media/); The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change (http://www.occ.gov.uk/ activities/ stern.htm); and the Royal Society guide to climate change controversies (http://royal society.org/page.asp?id=6229). 13 J. Hansen, et al., ‘Target Atmospheric CO2: Where Should Humanity Aim?’, The Open Atmospheric Science Journal, 2 (2008), 217-231, doi: 10.2174/187428230080 2010217, www.bentham.org/open/toascj/openaccess2.htm. �� – HOPE IN GOD’S FUTURE – 151
FuturE Reflection 3 What are the threats humankind will face You could roughly draw out a map of the world and mark on it the threats you have identified. What are your initial reactions? What most alarms or surprises you? How urgent do you see these threats? If you made the collage, try to find some way of showing on it the threat of climate change. II Encountering the Word of God Theological approach The remainder of our report tackles the question of how these theological and scientific accounts bear upon each other as we work out a theological response to climate change. The approach we have adopted is to: ● recognize the situation we find ourselves in, and the questions our faith provokes in this context; ● bring these questions into dialogue with the Bible and Christian theological traditions; and ● seek to discern the implications of this encounter for changed practice. Our report also seeks to reflect our practice as Christians, and is structured to reflect many Christian liturgies. We seek to bring the situation of the church, as part of a world facing threats of climate change, into encounter with God’s word in the Bible in order to �inform �and motivate � a response �by the �church and the world. Christian hope in the context of climate change We consider it crucial to begin our theological response to climate change by reflecting upon our situation in relation to the overarching biblical narrative: God creating the universe, God in Christ bringing reconciliation to a world gone astray (e.g. Gen. 3, 4, 6), and God’s promised redemption of all things in Christ and through the Spirit. 14 This understanding of the place in which the church finds itself crucially shapes theological thinking about climate change. First, and most importantly, followers of Christ must hope in these days and not despair. If we affirm the goodness of God’s creation, God’s incarnation in Jesus Christ, and God’s promise of redemption, we cannot despair of what will be, because we are called to have faith in God and hope in God’s promises. God’s creatures do not have the power ultimately to frustrate the purposes of the almighty God we wor- 14 See paragraph ‘The Christian doctrine of creation’ above. �� 152 – Hope in God’s Future –
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eak the chains of oppresion and the
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BREAK THE CHAINS OF OPRESSION AND T
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PContents REAChing Preface There is
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PREFA ce There is No Unjust Communi
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PREFA ce Let us remember: there sho
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PREFA ce ed, stripped bare, when th
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PREAChing 1 Preaching on Justice: T
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PREAChing message of the free grace
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PREAChing come aware of how abundan
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PREAChing I draw attention again to
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PREAChing who believe that “those
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EnGAGEMEnT 2 Commitment after Accra
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EnGAGEMEnT which has become spiritu
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EnGAGEMEnT worries more, is more ea
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Europe’s Discussion about Justice
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were being seen - because of this -
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Discus sion Church and State are fu
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The Reformed tradition with the ope
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DEMoc rAcy However democracy is sti
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DEMoc rAcy of the homo politicus -
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viewers, the programme is “cut to
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DEMoc rAcy Finally it would natural
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point modern democracies are open t
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DEMoc rAcy Naturally, in many cases
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cove nanTi ng 59 Europe’s Road to
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cove nanTi ng Western neighbor coun
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cove nanTi ng focused on. On the on
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5 pE o H 6 Theology of hope in time
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At the bottom of these enormous ent
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The question has to be raised wheth
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in the communio with Christ. In thi
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anity has been closely related to e
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world: the oppressed, the poor, the
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8 p EM ire 7 Empire - Provocation w
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EMpire thors also supply an ambitio
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EMpire Aspects of a difficult relat
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governments in southern countries e
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EMpire Talk of empire, as this exam
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EMpire hand, and realpolitik talk a
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Ethics two? Globethics.net proposes
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Ethics 2. Performance-related justi
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Ethics difficult to implement all o
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Ethics instrument, which correspond
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Ethics tice. In some cases it may s
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Ethics 6. The Principle of Transpar
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Ethics to others what we ourselves
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Litur gy 49 The Liturgy of Holy Com
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Litur gy chosen was that one of the
Page 102 and 103: Litur gy stronger weighting towards
Page 104 and 105: Litur gy It may be argued that few
Page 106 and 107: Litur gy but here particularly so.
Page 108 and 109: Litur gy turn out to be. For if we
Page 110: For the shaping of the liturgy the
Page 113 and 114: PRojec ts The scope of the children
Page 115 and 116: DiaLo g ic analyses which already e
Page 117 and 118: DiaLo g suppression as a power-alli
Page 119 and 120: DiaLo g Dreaming a Different World
Page 121 and 122: DiaLo g We remember together the in
Page 123 and 124: The Further Development of the Conc
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Page 127 and 128: DiaLo g dividuals who come into vie
Page 129 and 130: EXPLoita Tion formation and counsel
Page 131 and 132: there is emerging here a specific i
Page 133 and 134: EXPLoita Tion wealthier lands in No
Page 135 and 136: study 5 of children’s attitudes t
Page 137 and 138: EXPLoita Tion Christian understandi
Page 139 and 140: EXPLoita Tion gal prosecution of cr
Page 141 and 142: these questions. An approach that r
Page 143 and 144: of governments for the regular fina
Page 145 and 146: We recommend EXPLoita Tion The orga
Page 148 and 149: Hope in God’s Future: Christian D
Page 150 and 151: FuturE I Approaching God in the con
Page 154 and 155: FuturE ship; God’s sacrifice in C
Page 156 and 157: FuturE between rich and poor becomi
Page 158 and 159: FuturE Reflection 5 Low-lying count
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Page 162 and 163: FuturE Even to sinners like us, God
Page 164 and 165: FuturE UK Government Committee on C
Page 166 and 167: FuturE Reflection 11 “A commitmen
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Page 173 and 174: seeking 2. It has become much more
Page 175 and 176: seeking tions and in the Synod, was
Page 177 and 178: LEArnin G Praying for growth Food,
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Page 181 and 182: LEArnin G hunger, but sooner from a
Page 183 and 184: LEArnin G And they wonder: what doe
Page 185 and 186: LEArnin G The richer the USA and Eu
Page 188 and 189: A Globalance - Christian Perspectiv
Page 190 and 191: A GLoB LAncE uence on political and
Page 192 and 193: Recommendations The position paper
Page 194 and 195: Pov y ert 17 „Don’t Leave Us Ha
Page 196 and 197: Group Children’s Summit 2006” r
Page 198 and 199: Pov erty our doorstep as relatively
Page 200 and 201: Pov erty This well-founded option f
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All these rights could be provided
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Pov erty The action “Hiding is no
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