Usability of Digital Cameras for Verifying Physically Based ...

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38 (a) Luminance difference distribution of D65 at 100%, (b) 50%, (c) 25% and (d) 15%, scaled to the maximum luminance value of the particular plot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 39 (a) Luminance difference distribution of D65 at 50%, scaled by a factor of 2, (b) the difference of 100% light intensity (figure 38(a)) and of the values shown in (a). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 40 (a) Luminance difference distribution of D65 at 25%, scaled by a factor of 4, (b) the difference of 100% light intensity (figure 38(a)) and of the values shown in (a). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 41 (a) Luminance difference distribution of D65 at 15%, scaled by a factor of 100/15, (b) the difference of 100% light intensity (figure 38(a)) and of the values shown in (a). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 42 Standard deviation of all 80 submatrices for dimmer settings (a) 100%, (b) 50%, (c) 25% and (d) 15% and lightsource D65. . . . . 62 43 (a) Luminance difference distribution of 840 at 100% and (b) 50%; (c) at 50%, scaled by a factor of 2, (d) the difference of the values shown in (a) and (c). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 44 (a) Luminance difference distribution of CWF at 100% and (b) 50%; (c) luminance difference distribution of CWF at 50%, scaled by a factor of 2, (d) the difference of the values shown in (a) and (c). 64 45 Standard deviation of all 80 submatrices for dimmer settings (a) 100% and (b) 50% and lightsource 840. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 46 Standard deviation of all 80 submatrices for dimmer settings (a) 100% and (b) 50% and lightsource CWF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 47 Lightsource spectra of illuminants (a) D65, (b) 840 and (c) CWF. . 65 48 (a) The measurement points at 45 ◦ ; (b) absolute difference in luminance for the 20 measurement points, accordingly. . . . . . . . 66 49 (a) The measurement points placed at a height of 24.5cm; (b) absolute difference in luminance for the 20 measurement points. . . 67 50 (a) The measurement points put inside a black box; (b) absolute difference in luminance for the 20 measurement points, accordingly. 67 51 L ∗ a ∗ b ∗ differences for the three test cases (8 bit, jpg and 16 bit images) for all 140 color patches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 52 Histograms of L ∗ a ∗ b ∗ differences for using the camera’s color space for test cases (a) 8bit, (b) jpg and (c) 16bit. . . . . . . . . . 72 xi
53 (a) Density plot for using the camera’s color space (8bit); (b) a photograph of the test chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 54 Scatter plots of (a) L ∗ , (b) a ∗ , and (c) b ∗ values for using the camera’s color space (8bit). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 55 Histograms of L ∗ a ∗ b ∗ differences for using an ICC profile for test cases (a) 8bit, (b) jpg and (c) 16bit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 56 (a) Density plot for using an ICC profile (8bit); (b) a photograph of the test chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 57 Scatter plots of (a) L ∗ , (b) a ∗ , and (c) b ∗ values for using an ICC profile (8bit). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 58 Histogram of L ∗ a ∗ b ∗ differences for the linear polynomials (a) 1, (b) 2, (c) 3 and (d) 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 59 Histogram of L ∗ a ∗ b ∗ differences for the higher order polynomials (a) 5, (b) 6, (c) 7, (d) 8, (e) 9, (f) 10 and (g) 11. . . . . . . . . . . 80 60 Comparison of minimum and maximum, median, mean values, and standard deviations of L ∗ a ∗ b ∗ differences for polynomials 1 to 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 61 Example of spectral sensitivity curves of a CYGM CCD sensor. . 86 62 A Mathematica generated plot of the domain of valid XYZ values in the first octant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 63 A more intuitive representation of the subspace of valid XYZ values in the first octant (produced by Andrea Weidlich). . . . . . . . 90 64 A Mathematica plot of valid XYZ values with the result values from component-wise multiplication superimposed over it. . . . . 92 65 A visualization of both the gamut of valid XYZ values and the gamut of triplets that can be generated by component-wise multiplication of these valid XYZ values (produced by Andrea Weidlich). 92 66 Surface reflectance values form a comparatively small subset of all possible XYZ colors (produced by Andrea Weidlich). . . . . . 93 67 Verivide color assessment cabinet with five light sources. . . . . . 102 68 A Konica Minolta LS-110 luminance meter. . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 69 The Digital ColorChecker SG can be used for creating an ICC profile of a camera. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 70 The GretagMacbeth Spectrolino spectrophotometer is capable of measuring reflection, emission and transmission. . . . . . . . . . 104 xii
Page 1 and 2: DISSERTATION Usability of Digital C
Page 3 and 4: Kurzfassung Physically Based Render
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements I want to thank We
Page 7 and 8: 3 Colorimetry 32 3.1 Color Spaces .
Page 9 and 10: E.5 Treating the Camera as a Black
Page 11: 20 The CIE 1931 chromaticity diagra
Page 15 and 16: List of Tables 1 Camera settings th
Page 17 and 18: 1 Introduction In recent years, a l
Page 19 and 20: 1.3 Applications of Physically Base
Page 21 and 22: matter are calculated in XYZ space.
Page 23 and 24: Figure 2: A photograph of the real
Page 25 and 26: (a) Photo (b) Default (c) 2 Bounces
Page 27 and 28: y a light source on top of the cube
Page 29 and 30: Figure 7: Points A to F were select
Page 31 and 32: Figure 9: A difference image of pho
Page 33 and 34: Figure 12: From top to bottom: a hi
Page 35 and 36: (a) Figure 13: (a) Left side: measu
Page 37 and 38: Figure 14: Six photocells were posi
Page 39 and 40: Figure 16: The left image shows a r
Page 41 and 42: (a) (b) Figure 18: (a) The validati
Page 43 and 44: shape of the caustic. 2.3 Analytica
Page 45 and 46: two test cases, but instead of the
Page 47 and 48: segments of the sphere and its actu
Page 49 and 50: of luminance [GJB80]. In XYZ color
Page 51 and 52: where L ∗ � � Y m = 903.3 Yn
Page 53 and 54: (a) (b) Figure 21: Chromaticity dia
Page 55 and 56: 4 Digital Cameras Pattanaik et al.
Page 57 and 58: Figure 23: The RAW image data is co
Page 59 and 60: 5 Physically Based Rendering System
Page 61 and 62: see section 7.4. By avoiding XYZ sp
Page 63 and 64:
Figure 27: The sensor plane marking
Page 65 and 66:
(a) (b) Figure 30: (a) ColorChecker
Page 67 and 68:
available on MAC systems. We chose
Page 69 and 70:
(a) (b) (c) Figure 34: Standard dev
Page 71 and 72:
Figure 35: Eighty measurement spots
Page 73 and 74:
(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 37: (a) Lumi
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(a) (b) Figure 40: (a) Luminance di
Page 77 and 78:
i \ j 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Page 79 and 80:
(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 43: (a) Lumi
Page 81 and 82:
(a) (b) Figure 46: Standard deviati
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(a) (b) Figure 49: (a) The measurem
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of each patch using a spectrophotom
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Figure 51: L ∗ a ∗ b ∗ differ
Page 89 and 90:
(a) (b) Figure 53: (a) Density plot
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 55: Histograms o
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Using an ICC profile obviously impr
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(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 58: Histogra
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5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Min 0.50 0.49 0.13
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in the light transport simulation o
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the internal data of a camera and w
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etter results: One can measure the
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Figure 62: A Mathematica generated
Page 107 and 108:
their internal color space. This mi
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Figure 66: Surface reflectance valu
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as bad compared to other methods. S
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in sufficient detail. The approach
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A Radiometric and Photometric Quant
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B.6 Goniophotometer A goniophotomet
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C.3 Color Chart Figure 68: A Konica
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D Web Resources of Validation Data
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8 bit jpg 16 bit 29 11.58 11.52 11.
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8 bit jpg 16 bit 91 17.21 17.11 17.
Page 127 and 128:
E.2 Using an ICC Profile 8 bit jpg
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8 bit jpg 16 bit 62 16.10 16.08 16.
Page 131 and 132:
8 bit jpg 16 bit 124 11.08 10.89 11
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1 2 3 4 31 9.10 3.61 4.26 5.96 32 8
Page 135 and 136:
1 2 3 4 93 6.25 4.11 4.05 8.69 94 4
Page 137 and 138:
E.4 Adaptive Mapping - Higher Order
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5 6 7 8 9 10 11 62 3.42 2.52 2.51 2
Page 141 and 142:
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 124 2.10 2.14 2.96
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R G B 31 -38.94 -25.49 29.26 32 -9.
Page 145 and 146:
R G B 93 103.86 109.28 55.06 94 31.
Page 147 and 148:
References [3dS06] 3D Studio Max: w
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[HLR00] Guowei Hong, M. Ronnier Luo
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Color Imaging Conference, pages 250
Page 153:
[VMKK00] V. Volevich, K. Myszkowski
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