Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry - Institut za Stočarstvo

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Physiological aspects of behaviour of sows ... trauma caused by mother. Starvation is a cause of piglets death in about 50% cases being the greatest on the first day after farrowing. Approximately about 75% total mortality occurs in the first week of lactation. Physical factors such as suffocating in the course of parturition, trauma, starvation and septicaemia are the most often causes in the first four days of the life of piglets. Viral and bacterial infections are the causes of piglets mortality in later period of lactation. Behaviour of piglets during nursing Social hierarchy is being established by piglets immediately after their birth. The first pair of teats which produce more milk than other teats are sucked by the dominant piglets. They save their places during suckling and behave agressively towards piglets who try to take over their places. Suckling includes several phases. First the sow makes grunting sounds by which it calls piglets to come and then they arrange themselves in a certain way. In the beginning the piglets squeeze teats by their mouths, hit them by head, and then hold them tightly, drawing them into their mouths and making vacuum. In this way milk reaches the cistern of mammary complex and piglets are starting to suckle very rapidly (Špinka et al., 2002). At the expiration of one hour after previous suckling piglets wake up and initiate suckling again. The sow lies down on its sides allowing in this way hungry piglets to suckle again. In order that suckling should be successfull the piglets indicate to sow by their behaviour that they all are present and ready for suckling (Vučinić, 2006). Not every breast-feeding is successful. Unsuccessful breast-feeding is recognized by more intensive sow grunting during the entire time of breast-feeding. It is caused by non-releasing of oxitocin in which case the milk may not reach mammary cistern. Permanent and intensive sow grunting may indicate the presence of pain in mammary gland or that the release of oxitocin was omitted. In these cases the sow does not allow the access to piglets or she lies down on its abdominal side. By lying on the stomach the sow is cooling its mammary complex in case the acute inflammation has occurred there. Conclusion Behaviour of animals depends on: cognitive, neurophysiological, motor, motivation components and subjective feelings. In order that sows could express their natural behaviour it is necessary to provide them with quality diet in sufficient quantities, suitable space and protection against infective and non-infective diseases. If the environment is less restrictive the sows can express their natural 289
290 M. Joksimović-Todorović et al. behaviour but if maternal ability is impaired it cannot be compensated by subsequent improvement of environment. Fiziološki aspekti ponašanja krmača i prasadi u toku laktacionog perioda M. Joksimović Todorović, V. Davidović, B. Živković Rezime Materinska sposobnost predstavlja kompleksne interakcije između različitih oblika ponašanja i fizioloških karakteristika. Ponašanje i metabolički procesi su delimično pod kontrolom endokrinog i nervnog sistema. Krmače se razlikuju od drugih sisara po tome što rađaju veliki broj zrelih mladih sposobnih da odmah sisaju. Nakon partusa anabolički procesi prelaze u kataboličke, dajući tako prioritet mlečnoj žlezdi u odnosu na druga tkiva. Maksimalna sekrecija mleka odvija se između 2. i 3. nedelje. Krmače gube telesnu masu i dolazi do promena vrednosti pojedinih parametara u krvi. Hematološke analize su ukazale na povećanje ukupnog broja leukocita i neutrofilnih granulocita i smanjenje broja limfocita, monocita i eozinofila prvog dana po partusu. Treće i četvrte nedelje laktacije, došlo je do statistički značajnog pada broja leukocita i granulocita u odnosu na prvi dan, a značajnog porasta limfocita, monocita i eozinofila. Broj eritrocita, koncentracija hemoglobina i vrednost hematokrita smanjuju se tokom laktacionog perida. Nivo glukoze u plazmi je veoma nizak (niži je za preko 50%), dok je nivo ureje visok usled obimnog iskorišćavanja proteina. Takođe je ustanovljeno da značajna mobilizacija telesnih masti dovodi do povećanja nivoa NEFA (nezasićenih masnih kiselina). Sekrecija mleka je pod kontrolom prolaktina i oksitocina. Oksitocin utiče na materinsko ponašanje a prolaktin je u korelaciji sa dužinom sisanja. References ALGERS B., UVNÄS-MOBERG K. (2007): Maternal behaviour in pigs. Hormons and Behaviour, 52, 78-85. BROOM D., JOHNSON K. (1993): Stress and Animal Welfare. Champan and Hall, London. BURNE T.H.J., MURFITT P.J.E., GILBERT C.L. (2001): Influence of environmental temperature on pgf(2 alpha)-induced nest building in female pigs. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 71, 293-304.
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UDC 636 ISSN 1450-9156 VOL 27, 2 Fo
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Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry 2
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128 V. Pantelić et al. effects of
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130 V. Pantelić et al. The evaluat
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132 V. Pantelić et al. Similar to
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134 V. Pantelić et al. se nalazile
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Table 1. Feeding regime durring the
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The effect of crossing of domestic
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The effect of crossing of domestic
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148 J. Pleadin et al. are synthesiz
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150 J. Pleadin et al. v/v) were add
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152 Concentration of progesterone (
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154 J. Pleadin et al. Decision 2002
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156 J. Pleadin et al. Koncentacije
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158 J. Pleadin et al. CACCIATORE G.
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160 Efficiency of bovine IGF -I gen
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The effect of genotype on productio
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184 D. Vitorović et al. (Vićentij
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186 D. Vitorović et al. Broilers i
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188 D. Vitorović et al. deposition
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190 D. M. Ogah Blasco et al. (1984)
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192 D. M. Ogah Tabe 1. Descriptive
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194 D. M. Ogah chicken genotypes fo
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196 D. M. Ogah HU Y.H. (1999) .Vari
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198 Introduction V. Gerzilov et al.
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200 Results and Discussion V. Gerzi
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202 V. Gerzilov et al. The histolog
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204 V. Gerzilov et al. Table 2. Mic
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Results and Discussion Analysis of
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Analysis of applied biosecurity mea
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Analysis of applied biosecurity mea
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The correlation between body measur
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228 N. Memiši et al.. Somatic cell
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234 N. Memiši et al.. BERNACKA H (
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236 N. Thomas et al. nodosus is ess
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