Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry - Institut za Stočarstvo

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Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry 27 (2), p 189-196 , 2011 ISSN 1450-9156 Publisher: Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun UDC 636.597 DOI:10.2298/BAH1102189O SHARED VARIABILITY OF BODY SHAPE CHARACTERS IN ADULT MUSCOVY DUCK D. M. Ogah Animal Science Department College of Agriculture Lafia , Nasarawa State, Nigeria Corresponding author: mosesdogah@yahoo.com Original scientific paper Abstract: In this study body weight and six body measurements namely body length, breast circumference, thigh length, shank length , total leg length and wing length of 150 twenty weeks old male and female Nigeria indigenous muscovy duck, reared under semi intensive system, were subjected to factor analysis. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the main sources of shared variability among body shape characters, to deduce the factors that describe these characteristics and to quantify sex differences in morphometric size and shape in adult muscovy duck. Variation occur in descriptive statistics between male and female traits in favour of the male in almost all traits except shank length. Magnitude of correlation also differ between sexes. Common factor variability in the measured traits in both sexes were accounted for by two factors and are about similar. Body conformation and shape appears to be controlled by common and unique factors. Communalities ranged from 0.671 for shank length to 0.987 for body length. Key words: muscovy duck, body measurement, communality, shared variability and factor analysis Introduction Biometrical variation into size and shape component in domesticated animal has been an area of growing interest to animal breeders. These concepts are fundamental to the analysis of variation in the animals. Morphological measurement have been found useful in contrasting size and shape of animal (Mckraken et al., 2000; Latshaw and Bishop 2001) and to estimate body weight. However, correlation between body dimensions may be different if the dimensions are treated as bivariates rather than multivariates. This is because of the interrelatedness or lack of orthogonality (collinearity) of the explanatory variables. Since body measurements are interrelated both genetically and phenotypically
190 D. M. Ogah Blasco et al. (1984), the analysis of these traits should be consider interdependence among these traits (Shahin and Hassan, 2000). Sexual dimorphism in muscovy duck have been expressed by several authors (Baeza 2001; Yakubu, 2009; Ogah et al., 2009). An attempt have also been carry out in assessing size and shape in muscovy duck using principal component analysis (Ogah et al., 2009), not considering the common and unique factors involved. The current work was to evaluate main sources of shared variability in male and female adult muscovy duck and to deduce factors that describe body conformation in the duck. Materials and Methods One hundred and fifty muscovy ducklings made up of 63 males and 87 females were hatched by 60 dams and 10 sires at the duck unit, Livestock Complex, Teaching and Research Farm of the College of Agriculture Lafia , Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The ducklings used for this study were selected randomly at 3 weeks of age and managed under semi intensive system to 20 weeks of age. The birds were fed on grower marsh formulated at 20% CP and 12058kj/kg and water was supplied ad libitum. The body weight in grams and dimension in centimetre were recorded for each ducklings at 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 weeks of age. The linear body dimensions considered were body length (BL) length between the base of the neck and that of caudal end, Shank length (SL) distance from the shank joint to the extremity of the digitus pedis, breast circumference (BCC) measured under the wing through the anterior border of the breast bone crest and the central thoracic vertebrae, thigh length (TL) from the end of the drumstick to the body flank , total leg length (TLL), measured as the total length of the leg from the thigh to the extremity of the digitus pedis, wing length (WL) taken from the shoulder joint to the extremity of the terminal phalanx. To ensure accuracy each measurement was taken twice and the mean was use in subsequent analysis. The same person took all measurement and weighing throughout thus eliminating errors due to person differences as suggested by (Shahin and Hassan, 2000). Statistical analysis; Mean, standard errors, and coefficient of variation of body weight and linear body measurements were calculated . General linear model (GLM) was used to analyse sex effect. Pearson coefficient of correlation (r) among body weight and various morphometric traits were estimated . For each sex the data was subjected to a factor analysis procedure of SAS (1999)(PROC FACTOR). The main sources of shared variation among the interdependence of body measurements (P) was expressed in terms of fewer mutually uncorrelated common factor F1, F2, Fq
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PETROVIĆ D.M., GUTIĆ M., BOGOSAVL
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