Advanced Technology Aircraft Safety Survey Report - Australian ...

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TRAINING The depth of training, the provision and availability of training aids and the quality of training manuals should equip flight crew to adequately deal with skill-based, rule-based and knowledge-based operational errors. Respondents perceived that one effect of new training regimes had been to reduce their knowledge of aircraft systems. It appears that the modern concept of requiring pilots to possess less systems knowledge than would have been the case with less automated aircraft types, may become problematic if instruction manuals are of poor quality, and frustrate further personal study. Pilots suggested several ways of improving the training they received on their current aircraft and the implementation or improvement of the following areas could be beneficial: 1. 2. 3. 4. Ensure that pilots are familiar with the aircraft manufacturer’s automation design philosophy and the airline automation policy. Examples of two airline automation policies are provided in chapter 12. Ensure that all ground, simulator and flight instructors are suitably qualified and compre- hensively trained in modern instructionaUteaching techniques. Provide automation training aids. Ensure training manuals provide up-to-date, in-depth information in a user-friendly presentation. Several airlines have recognised the benefits of ‘free-play’ simulator sessions where pilots are free to nominate the scenarios they wish to explore. Several respondents suggested that their training could have been improved by ‘free-play’ simulator sessions or by the provision of desktop and fixed-base automation simulators. Currently, NASA is researching the effectiveness of personal computer (PC) based training programs, particularly those related to FMC/FMGS training. Early results suggest that this method of training, which is portable and conducted in the pilot’s own time and at the pilot’s own pace, may significantly contribute to automated training programs. It is important that pilots receive reliable technical datdinformation. Although modern teaching methods generally provide information on a need-to-know basis, it is clear that pilots continue to ‘fill in the gaps’ by procuring information from various sources. The traditional, and sometimes dubious, sources of information have been expanded through various avenues including the Internet. Information gained through this method is often only opinion, or orientated to experience which is very difficult to verify. While many valuable discussion groups have been promoted over the Internet, it is also clear that a significant level of in-flight experimentation is occurring worldwide. Airline training departments can offer a high degree of quality assurance by providing adequate information through trained staff using quality manuals or electronic means. Anecdotal evidence suggests that regulatory authorities may be hindering the advancement of training programs, especially simulator training programs, by insisting on rigid programs which are required to meet licence issue and renewal criteria. There is a concern that regulators are not able to keep pace with technological changes taking place within the aviation industry. The analysis of written responses highlights the need for training programs to be much more flexible, allowing some ability to adapt to the needs of the student. Those airlines and authorities that exercise some degree of flexibility have made significant advancements in their approach to training regimes. 77
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY AIRCRAFT SAFETY SURVEY REPORT 78 Recommendations The Bureau of Air Safety Investigation recommends that Civil Aviation Safety Authority (R980039): 1. Consider the need for: (a) simulator and flight instructors to be trained in instructional/teaching techniques at a recognised educational facility; (b) ground, simulator and flight instructors to undergo regular refresher training in instructional/teaching techniques at a recognised educational facility; and (c) ground, simulator and flight instructors to demonstrate their ability as an instructor/teacher on a regular basis. 2. Assess the quality of printed and electronic trainingheference material with respect to advanced technology aircraft. The Bureau of Air Safety Investigation recommends that airline operators within the Asia- Pacific region (R980040): Review the qualifications of all ground, simulator and flight instructors, and where necessary provide training in instructional/teaching techniques with the aim accrediting instructional/teaching staff.
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Department of Transport and Regiona
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CONTENTS CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A
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ATC and situational awareness Terra
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Bureau of Air S
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asic automate ations, navigation, s
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ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY AIRCRAFT SAFETY
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AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL AIR TRAFFIC CON
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70% - 60% - AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL FIG
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AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL FIGURE B2.4 The
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AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL the responses t
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AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL Given direct tr
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AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL By nominating s
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9 ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY AIRCRAFT SAFE
Page 32 and 33: ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY AIRCRAFT SAFETY
Page 40 and 41: GENERAL Introduction This chapter a
Page 42 and 43: FIGURE B9.2 Have you detected any F
Page 44 and 45: accident near Cali, Colombia (12 De
Page 46 and 47: GENERAL It appears that much of the
Page 58 and 59: SITUATIONAL AWARENESS SITUATIONAL A
Page 60 and 61: SITUATIONAL AWARENESS FIGURE B4.1 I
Page 62 and 63: SITUATIONAL. AWARENESS FIGURE B4.4
Page 64 and 65: SYSTEM DESIGN Introduction Research
Page 66 and 67: FIGURE B1.2 It is easy to detect wh
Page 68 and 69: SYSTEMS DESIGN Some reported accide
Page 70 and 71: Table B5.3 'I am sometimes forced t
Page 72 and 73: TRAINING Introduction The introduct
Page 74 and 75: TRAINING The majority of respondent
Page 76 and 77: FIGURE B8.5 My training has prepare
Page 78 and 79: Provision of a FMGS for hands-on tr
Page 80 and 81: TRAINING Im roved tech manuals, e l
Page 84 and 85: WORKLOAD WORKLOAD Introduction The
Page 86 and 87: FIGURE 86.2 In an emergency, automa
Page 88 and 89: Normal ops automation is very benef
Page 90 and 91: A COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS STUDIES
Page 96 and 97: Conclusion Although this comparison
Page 100 and 101: SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS SUMMARY
Page 102 and 103: SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS 6. MODES
Page 104 and 105: REFERENCES Aeronautica Civil of the
Page 106 and 107: SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE DETAILS e SURV
Page 108 and 109: AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL Questions 2.1 t
Page 110 and 111: CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY
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