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There are several instances where people have strongly resisted the different moves of such mining companies. They had resisted the land acquisition process, chal- lenged the environmental procedures, and expressed their strong discontented against any such action. In most of these areas PESA as a law had been abandoned by the offi cials thereby superseding it with other legal acclimation, while on the contrary people’s resistance had been turned into a law and order problem. In Scheduled Areas, it is seldom allowed to exercise their rights under the provisions of PESA. Therefore in a general overview one could fi nd the depletion of natural resources like water, forests, land, declination of food grain produce and productive process, depletion in the arability of cultivable land, pollution of water, air and land and an alarming decline of democracy as an institution in these areas. Hence under these circumstances it is essential to look into the question of the professed national development through mining in the Adivasi areas vis-à-vis Adivasi development through local and natural resources. Never in the past, have the state and industry kept their promises with the ordinary people. Confl icts over mining have existed for more than four decades in different forms in. In earlier days such disagreements were not taken to be confl icts as such, but only as immediate questions related to inadequacy. Another reason for limitation of these confl icts is the limitation of trade union movements in industrialised areas to understand the gravity of the problem and address it thoroughly. The standpoints of trade unions were only one dimensional; related to an increment in wages or matters related with labouring class. The Union could never address the entire question of mining in totality. Moreover mining has been strongly presupposed as a major means of industrial development contributing to the state economy. Even organised trade unions fi nd nothing wrong in mining as such. So how the vehicle of development could be understood as a confl ict was another question. Over the course of time the very defi nition of state and its economy has changed. This has impacted the general thought process of the opinion building class. These middle class thoughts have much refl ected in all the policy documents of the state. A few aspects are crystal clear fl ipping the mineral policy, the industrial policy, the investment policy, the environmental policy, the water policy, the land utilization policy and the compensation package. It is meant for increasing private and foreign capital in the mining sector by creating conducive business environment to attract private investment in the State. The state will provide counter guarantee in case of any loss incurred by such foreign companies. All social, political, environmental and legal hindrances have been slowly and strategically cleared for the entrance of these private sectors. For realising this, administrative procedures have been simplifi ed and all procedural impediments are taken care by the state. Now the Forests Conservation Act 1980is considered to be the biggest obstacles. Mining invariably brings about environmental destruction, human displacement R ESOURCE PLANNING and non repairable ecological imbalances. It undermines the amount of disparity it brings due to land acquisition. The indigenous people are denied of their eligible rights in mining zones and laws are fl outed by the State machinery. The rights of the mineworkers are also fl outed. The aftermaths of mining could be gazed in the following few points. The Final Word The picture is lucid that how the concept of industrialisation under planned development and now under globalisation liberalisation policies had adversely affected the masses. In this situation, where are the people going to be listed? The choice and space is limited. It is also clear that the land acquisition and free market economy goes hand in glove. In Never in the past, have the state and industry kept their promises with the ordinary people a market economy people are disallowed to exercise their free will at least in the matter of disposing their land at the market price. 72 The mechanism of compensation and rehabilitation is too much supportive to the corporate sector; this only pauperises the poor than a change in their destiny. The principles of compensation often forgets or never estimates that on the very fi rst day of reaching a rehabilitation colony, a poor family has to buy fi rewood, which they procured free from the Common Property Rights (CPR). 73 Land is a productive asset but people are more emotionally attached with the land in many ways. For many it is the symbol of their freedom. To some it is the THE INDIA ECONOMY REVIEW 159
P LANNING P ARADIGM image of their fi ght against the upper caste. It represents the mark of reiterating the lost identity. To many it is the icon of self-determination, coexistence and com- munity feeling. But to the corporate sector and agents of development it is a com- modity to be consumed. The state also takes side with these so-called think tanks. Land can be purchased and sold for commercial purpose. Or even it could be acquired forcefully. The common man of the country sacrifi ces himself for the relish and enjoyment of the elite. 74 No mining company could compensate the loss that people have to suffer. Today the trust of the disinherited has been shattered and disowned by the disingenuous attitude of the state. In many cases even the highest offi ces of the President and the Governor closed eyes and remained disabled to use their prerogative powers. All attempts were only to sugar-coat and water-down the efforts of democratic protests and opposition, which give an impetus to the mining companies to capitalise the situation and overthrow the people’s aspirations. Questions pertaining to human rights violation go unheard. This abominable and abhorrent attitude, the odious and repulsive demeanour, the atrocious and heinous actions of the state puts forward an array of questions. The hire and fi re formula of the capital-fascist brigade, the coherence of world capital with global fascism is permeating glaringly. It is under this context questions what sort of planning does the many commissions did in the context of mining and for whom it was needs to be addressed. This litmus test is on the meaning of planned development, the meaning of displacement and eviction, the parlance of rehabilitation and reset- 160 THE IIPM THINK TANK tlement, etc. With such a drastic situation 2010. one can’t honestly laud kudos to the en- 9 Optical Cite, Goldy M. George, 1999tire phase of planned development. The 2000, page 6 state should become more responsible 10 Optical Cite, Goldy M. George, 1999and accountable to the masses and needs 2000, page 6 to undergo a serious planning with a 11 Xavier Dias, “Mining Today – An Over- bottom-up formula. Otherwise this land view”, Mines, Minerals & PEOPLE, would be vacant without people by the 1999-2000. next generation! 12 Optical Cite, Xavier Dias, 1999-2000 13 Optical Cite, Xavier Dias, 1999-2000 Endnotes and Additional Thinking 14 Optical Cite Xavier Dias, 1999-2000 1 http://www.tripwolf.com/en/india/info/ 15 Trade Union Record, July 5, 1998 background-modern-india-economy- 16 Annual Report, Ministry of Labour, india-s-fi ve-year-plans accessed on Au- Government of India, 1993. gust 28, 2010. 17 Mineral Policy of Chhattisgarh, 2001, 2 C.R. Bijoy and Jose Sebastian, “Rede- page 4 fi ning Social Action in the Globalised 18 Industrial Policy 2009-14, Government Era”, Programme for Social Action, of Chhattisgarh, Section 1.5, page 2. annual get-together theme paper 19 “Consortium Lending”, http://www. 1996. pfcindia.com/consortium_lending.pdf 3 Goldy M. George, “Digging the Grave- accessed on 16 yard A Study on Jindal’s Mining in Raigarh of Chhattisgarh”, National Centre for Advocacy Studies, Pune, 1999-2000, page 1. 4 Optical Cite, C.R. Bijoy and Jose Sebastian, 1996. 5 Optical Cite, Goldy M. George, 1999- 2000 page 1-2. 6 Kavaljit Singh, “A citizen’s Guide to the Globalisation of Finance”, Madhyam Books, Delhi & Documentation for Action Groups in Asia, Hong Kong 1998, page 5. 7 P. M. Tripathi, “Impact of Globalisation on Regional Development in Asia”, AVARD, page 1. http://www.angoc.ngo. ph/pdffi les/Impact-of-Globalisation-on- Regional-Development-in-Asia.pdf accessed on December 1, 2009 8 Manpreet Sethi, “Land Reforms in India: Issues and Challenges”, http://www. foodfi rst.org/fi les/bookstore/pdf/promisedland/4.pdf accessed on August 27, th September 2009 20 Ibid. 21 Ibid. 22 Ibid. 23 Kate Bayliss, & David Hall, “Independent Power Producers: A Review of Issues”, Public Service International Research Unit (PSIRU), School of Computing and Mathematical Institute, University of Greenwich, November 2000, page 3 accessed from www. psiru.org/reports/2000-11-E-IPPs.doc on March 1, 2010 24 Ibid. 25 Ibid. 26 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Power_Producer accessed on January 30, 2010 27 Ibid. 28 Public Utility Public Policies Act, 1978. 29 Ibid, Section 210. 30 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Power_Producer accessed on Janu-
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THE INDIA ECONOMY REVIEW Volume VII
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IIPM: THE FUTURE IS HERE Since its
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CREDITS Founder Dr. M. K. Chaudhuri
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P LANNING P ARADIGM In the State of
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P LANNING P ARADIGM Almost all wond
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P LANNING P ARADIGM Central Agency
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P LANNING P ARADIGM paign in 1992:
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P LANNING P ARADIGM The Complexity
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P LANNING P ARADIGM future from the
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P LANNING P ARADIGM view is the not
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crises. This note contends that the
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proximately 25% of the then global
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process of economic growth. Newly d
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Japanese radio with one transistor
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I NTEGRATED PLANNING THE INDIA ECON
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in such times. The other institutio
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nomic planning had entered the lexi
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Entire network works out as a singl
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nomic order. In his infl uential 19
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I NTEGRATED PLANNING The experience
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I NTEGRATED PLANNING THE INDIA ECON
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I NTEGRATED PLANNING Table 1: Centr
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macroeconomic environment and the p
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Prashant Singh Country Head - Direc
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But there lied the fault. The fi rs
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T RANSFORMATIVE PLANNING THE INDIA
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straining rules and institutions we
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tion and higher growth requires rap
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T RANSFORMATIVE PLANNING THE INDIA
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Table 1: Plan Outlays and Expenditu
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The second revision lowered the wei
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Domestic Product not only fl uctuat
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P LANNING LA LANNI NNING NG P ARADI
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P LANNING P ARADIGM nomic growth ra
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P LANNING P ARADIGM Commission play
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P LANNING P ARADIGM Whither Economi
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P LANNING P ARADIGM achieving “mo
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P LANNING P ARADIGM Table 3 . Inves
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P LANNING P ARADIGM 80 THE IIPM THI
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P LANNING P ARADIGM matic character
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P LANNING P ARADIGM Resource Data M
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P LANNING P ARADIGM Don't Throw the
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P LANNING P ARADIGM dynamic and the
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P LANNING P ARADIGM Commission from
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P LANNING P ARADIGM Commission has
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P LANNING P ARADIGM A Tale of Two C
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P LANNING P ARADIGM After the elect
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P LANNING P ARADIGM The Road to Pro
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P LANNING P ARADIGM rather through
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P LANNING P ARADIGM The road to hig
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P LANNING P ARADIGM From State to D
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P LANNING P ARADIGM began by taking
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