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Government. It had little power to dictate line departments and had no infrastructure for independent assessment of resources although it was empowered to allocate funds for line departments of the Centre and also of the States. In pre-independent period the freedom fi ghters de- manded that the Union Government would receive one-fourth of the revenue collected by the States and the States would utilize the rest of the funds. Unfor- tunately, the ratio was reversed and the States were receiving only 25-30 % of the revenue. Fo the assessment of resources for human and material development, the Commission could utilize Panchayat and Nagar Palika for planning. This could only be done through participatory neighbourhood survey by the people. Instead Plan- ning Commission and Planning Boards, across the nation, had to depend upon the secondary data provided by the line department which was collected by employees and not by the people5 . The developmental plans and projects thus bound to be formulated from topdown manner and were implemented as directives. The recipient and the grass root implementers were seldom taken into confi dence. So, their participation became mechanical and casual. West Bengal Scenario The State Planning Board in West Bengal was formed in 19726 . The fi rst Planning Board undertook various activities in the fi eld of agriculture, irrigation, animal husbandry, forestry, industry, power, transport, science & technology, education, planning and miscellaneous. These endeavours were not sustainable for the causes mentioned above. Planning from grass root was initiated in January 2002 on the basis of procedure prepared in 19857 . The modality is presented in modifi ed form which is as follows: 1. Collection of data through participatory neighbourhood survey on : a. Human resources based on stratifi ed socio-economic status and gender Profi le. • Education, Employment & Health • Special participation of marginalised people (Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Castes & Minorities) was solicited. b. Natural resource. • Land ( along with its character) i.e. cultivable, fallow, marshy & rocky etc. • Water resources of different types. • Forest – character with assessment of forest products. • • Shrubs – its scope of utilisation. Agricultural diversifi cation. c. Animal resources including situation & scope of improvement. d. Any other relevant information ob- 2. tained during neighbourhood survey. Identifi cation of capabilities & effi - ciency of the local people to evaluate the available resources and their opti- mum utilisation. They can prioritise for implementation from these informations. People in the country were en- trusted to work out the following as- pects of development. 3. Maximum utilisation & prioritisation of the resources through their own planning process. 4. Assessment and optimisation of their own resources. T RANSFORMATIVE PLANNING 5. Financial supports through Gram Sam- sads, Gram Panchayats, Zilla Parishads, State and National Schemes and other fi nancial agencies. The State Planning Board organised several meetings in twelve districts and discussed the principle and modality of planning from the grass root with threetier Panchayat system. A lot of enthusiasm was created but unfortunately this exercise could not be operationalised because Planning Board was only an advisory body and had little control over the line departments. Moreover, State Planning Board of India had no infrastructure of its own to conduct even a pilot study to collect primary data of resources and plan from the bottom. Department of Development and Plan- Planning Board had no infrastructure of its own to conduct even a pilot study to collect primary data ning undertook the task of preparing Human Development Report of the State involving State Planning Board. The project was supported by UNDP. This exercise was done by collecting secondary data from different level of the administration. The informations were back dated. So, their effectivity for correction of the defi ciencies was limited. District Planning Committees (D.P.C.s) have constitutional authority. Here also planning virtually becomes disbursement of funds coming from State and Union government. The resource mapping at various levels was not done. Thus the exercise becomes mechanical and mostly beaurocratic. The elected members of D.P.C. are not trained for this exercise. The data is collected through National THE INDIA ECONOMY REVIEW 83
P LANNING P ARADIGM Resource Data Management System (NRDMS). The informations are collected as the investigators desire and not in a participatory manner. In the fi rst Planning Board of the State the Chief Minister was the Chairman. The Vice-President was a non-offi cial person, who enjoyed the rank of a Cabinet Minister. The full time Members enjoyed the rank of Ministers-of-State. Vice-Chairman was the Minister-in-Charge of Development & Planning. The rank of honorary Members was ill-defi ned. The Members of the State Planning Board were assigned to look after the planning process of different districts as well as the functioning of different departments. This became infructuous because there was no administrative order to link up the respective Members with the DPC in the process of planning. Departments were directed to take approval of the State Planning Board for any project costing more than 20 crores. This has become a 84 THE IIPM THINK TANK post-facto approval because Departments seldom consult State Planning Board when the project is proposed. But when it comes to State Planning Board for approval, the project gets progressed to a considerable extent. It has become a ritual practice. Many other instances may be cited which will explain the futility of this very important apparatus. If the Planning Commission and the Planning Board are to be of any relevance, the following measures should be adopted properly by the State Government as well as by the Union Government. 1. The Vice-president should be a nonoffi cial person with the rank of a Cabinet Minister as it is now at the Centre and the Members should enjoy the rank of Minister-of-State. 2. Members should be offi cially linked up with the respective DPC during the process of formulating District Plans. 3. Connected line departments should involve the responsible Members during the preparation of projects costing more than 20 crores. 4. State Planning Boards should renew the process of planning from grass root which was undertaken in 2006. 5. State Planning Board should be provided with adequate infrastructure & funds to undertake Pilot projects for planning & development. 6. The Planning Commission and the State Planning Boards are not comparable in respect of organizational structure, role and functions. As a matter of There was no administrative order to link up the respective Members with the DPC in the process of planning
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THE INDIA ECONOMY REVIEW Volume VII
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IIPM: THE FUTURE IS HERE Since its
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CREDITS Founder Dr. M. K. Chaudhuri
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P LANNING P ARADIGM In the State of
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P LANNING P ARADIGM Almost all wond
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P LANNING P ARADIGM Central Agency
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P LANNING P ARADIGM paign in 1992:
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P LANNING P ARADIGM The Complexity
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P LANNING P ARADIGM future from the
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P LANNING P ARADIGM view is the not
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crises. This note contends that the
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proximately 25% of the then global
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process of economic growth. Newly d
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Japanese radio with one transistor
Page 29 and 30: I NTEGRATED PLANNING THE INDIA ECON
Page 31 and 32: in such times. The other institutio
Page 33 and 34: nomic planning had entered the lexi
Page 35 and 36: Entire network works out as a singl
Page 37 and 38: nomic order. In his infl uential 19
Page 39 and 40: I NTEGRATED PLANNING The experience
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Page 43 and 44: I NTEGRATED PLANNING Table 1: Centr
Page 45 and 46: macroeconomic environment and the p
Page 47 and 48: Prashant Singh Country Head - Direc
Page 49 and 50: But there lied the fault. The fi rs
Page 51 and 52: T RANSFORMATIVE PLANNING THE INDIA
Page 53 and 54: straining rules and institutions we
Page 55 and 56: tion and higher growth requires rap
Page 57 and 58: T RANSFORMATIVE PLANNING THE INDIA
Page 59 and 60: Table 1: Plan Outlays and Expenditu
Page 61 and 62: The second revision lowered the wei
Page 63 and 64: Domestic Product not only fl uctuat
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Page 67 and 68: P LANNING P ARADIGM nomic growth ra
Page 69 and 70: P LANNING P ARADIGM Commission play
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Page 73 and 74: P LANNING P ARADIGM achieving “mo
Page 75 and 76: P LANNING P ARADIGM Table 3 . Inves
Page 77 and 78: P LANNING P ARADIGM 80 THE IIPM THI
Page 79: P LANNING P ARADIGM matic character
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Page 85 and 86: P LANNING P ARADIGM dynamic and the
Page 87 and 88: P LANNING P ARADIGM Commission from
Page 89 and 90: P LANNING P ARADIGM Commission has
Page 91 and 92: P LANNING P ARADIGM A Tale of Two C
Page 93 and 94: P LANNING P ARADIGM After the elect
Page 95 and 96: P LANNING P ARADIGM The Road to Pro
Page 97 and 98: P LANNING P ARADIGM rather through
Page 99 and 100: P LANNING P ARADIGM The road to hig
Page 101 and 102: P LANNING P ARADIGM From State to D
Page 103 and 104: P LANNING P ARADIGM began by taking
Page 105 and 106: P LANNING P ARADIGM leadership in B
Page 107 and 108: P LANNING P ARADIGM Unhealthy Plann
Page 109 and 110: P LANNING P ARADIGM made for enabli
Page 111 and 112: P LANNING P ARADIGM too failed. The
Page 113 and 114: P LANNING P ARADIGM quality of care
Page 115 and 116: P LANNING P ARADIGM 118 THE IIPM TH
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Page 119 and 120: P LANNING P ARADIGM Also, a good nu
Page 121 and 122: P LANNING P ARADIGM 124 THE IIPM TH
Page 123 and 124: P LANNING P ARADIGM sectors which a
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P LANNING P ARADIGM to enter on the
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P LANNING P ARADIGM Where's Natural
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P LANNING P ARADIGM tions there are
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P LANNING P ARADIGM livelihoods are
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P LANNING P ARADIGM Plundered Histo
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P LANNING P ARADIGM hierarchy of th
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P LANNING P ARADIGM the trend. Faul
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P LANNING P ARADIGM were employed.
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P LANNING P ARADIGM cies the govern
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P LANNING P ARADIGM the electricity
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P LANNING P ARADIGM start when cont
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P LANNING P ARADIGM Durg district.
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P LANNING P ARADIGM major provision
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P LANNING P ARADIGM image of their
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THE HUMAN FACTOR OTHER IIPM JOURNAL
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“Thank you very much for sending
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