or rental, any device (or means) which is specifically designed <strong>to</strong> decode or circumvent another device (or means) <strong>in</strong>tended <strong>to</strong> prevent or restrict reproduction or a work or production. Works not protected An idea, procedure, discovery, mere data, text <strong>of</strong> a legislative nature, an <strong>of</strong>ficial translation, political speeches <strong>and</strong> speeches delivered <strong>in</strong> the course <strong>of</strong> legal proceed<strong>in</strong>gs. Work can be registered <strong>in</strong> some countries as follows: Registrar <strong>of</strong> Copyrights Copyright Office The Library <strong>of</strong> Congress, Department 17 Wash<strong>in</strong>g<strong>to</strong>n D.C. 20540, United States <strong>of</strong> America The Canadian Intellectual Property Office Place du Portage 1 50 Vic<strong>to</strong>ria Street, Hull Quebec, K1A OC9 Canada Geographical Indications Def<strong>in</strong>ed by the Intellectual Property Office, “geographical <strong>in</strong>dications” are a “sign or symbol which identifies a good as com<strong>in</strong>g from any specific region <strong>of</strong> a country which gives the good its known quality or reputation.” The Geographical Indications Act, 1996 which came <strong>in</strong><strong>to</strong> force on December 1, 1997 <strong>in</strong>troduced protection for geographical <strong>in</strong>dications <strong>in</strong> Tr<strong>in</strong>idad <strong>and</strong> <strong>Tobago</strong> for the first time <strong>and</strong> a simple registration system. The subject matter <strong>of</strong> protection goes beyond appellations <strong>of</strong> orig<strong>in</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>cludes protection for <strong>in</strong>dications, where the reputation or other characteristic <strong>of</strong> the goods is attributable <strong>to</strong> its geographical orig<strong>in</strong>. Protection is available irrespective <strong>of</strong> registration, but registration raises a presumption that the <strong>in</strong>dication registered is a geographical <strong>in</strong>dication with<strong>in</strong> the mean<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> the legislation. Crim<strong>in</strong>al sanctions may be imposed upon persons who deliberately <strong>and</strong> wrongfully use geographical <strong>in</strong>dications. 80 A <strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>Invest<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>in</strong> Tr<strong>in</strong>idad <strong>and</strong> <strong>Tobago</strong> (<strong>2011</strong>) Layout Designs Of Integrated Circuits Layout designs, sometimes called <strong>to</strong>pographies, <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>tegrated circuits are the three-dimensional placement <strong>of</strong> some or all <strong>of</strong> the elements <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>terconnections that make up an <strong>in</strong>tegrated circuit. How <strong>to</strong> apply for protection <strong>of</strong> an orig<strong>in</strong>al layout-design Three (3) th<strong>in</strong>gs are usually needed <strong>to</strong> apply for protection <strong>of</strong> a layout-design: • A completed application form <strong>and</strong> fee • Pro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> the right <strong>to</strong> apply • A draw<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> the layout-design <strong>to</strong>gether with <strong>in</strong>formation def<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g the electronic function which the <strong>in</strong>tegrated circuit is <strong>in</strong>tended <strong>to</strong> perform The term <strong>of</strong> protection is ten (10) years, either from the date <strong>of</strong> first commercial exploitation or, if not yet commercially exploited, from the fil<strong>in</strong>g date. Unfair Competition The Protection Aga<strong>in</strong>st unfair Competition Act, 1996 <strong>in</strong>troduced legislation for the first time <strong>in</strong> Tr<strong>in</strong>idad <strong>and</strong> <strong>Tobago</strong> <strong>to</strong> protect aga<strong>in</strong>st unfair competition. The law provides, <strong>in</strong>ter alia, for protection <strong>in</strong> the course <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustrial or commercial activities, aga<strong>in</strong>st the follow<strong>in</strong>g: • Damag<strong>in</strong>g another’s goodwill or reputation • Caus<strong>in</strong>g confusion with respect <strong>to</strong> another’s enterprise • Mislead<strong>in</strong>g the public • Discredit<strong>in</strong>g another’s enterprise or activities • Disclosure, acquisition or use <strong>of</strong> secret <strong>in</strong>form- tion or (trade secrets) <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g use <strong>of</strong> secret test <strong>of</strong> other data submitted <strong>to</strong> a competent authority for market<strong>in</strong>g approval <strong>of</strong> pharmaceu- tical or agricultural chemical products utiliz<strong>in</strong>g new chemical entities In addition, any act or practice <strong>in</strong> the course <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustrial or commercial activities that is contrary <strong>to</strong> honest practices shall constitute an act <strong>of</strong> unfair competition. New Plant Varieties The Protection <strong>of</strong> New Plant Varieties Act, 1997 which came <strong>in</strong><strong>to</strong> force on December 1, 1997 <strong>in</strong>troduced protection for plant breeder’s rights <strong>in</strong> respect <strong>of</strong> plant varieties <strong>of</strong> a genera <strong>and</strong> species listed <strong>in</strong> a special national list. Once the application fulfils the conditions <strong>of</strong> registration, namely, novelty, dist<strong>in</strong>ctiveness, homogeneity, stability <strong>and</strong> a variety denom<strong>in</strong>ation acceptable for registration, a breeder’s right is granted by the Intellectual Property Office. Applications may be filed by nationals or residents <strong>of</strong> Tr<strong>in</strong>idad <strong>and</strong> <strong>Tobago</strong>, <strong>of</strong> states or <strong>in</strong>tergovernmental organisations which are party <strong>to</strong> the International Convention for the Protection <strong>of</strong> New Plant Varieties (UPOV) <strong>of</strong> 1978 <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> 1991 <strong>and</strong> states which, without be<strong>in</strong>g party <strong>to</strong> UPOV, grant reciprocity <strong>of</strong> treatment <strong>to</strong> Tr<strong>in</strong>idad <strong>and</strong> <strong>Tobago</strong>. The new law is consistent with the UPOV Convention <strong>of</strong> 1978. The term <strong>of</strong> protection is either 15 or 18 years, depend<strong>in</strong>g on the genera or species <strong>to</strong> which the variety belongs. Renewal fees are payable annually. For further <strong>in</strong>formation on <strong>in</strong>tellectual property rights, the follow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong>fices may be contacted: The Controller Intellectual Property Office 3rd Floor, Registration House 72-74 South Quay Port <strong>of</strong> Spa<strong>in</strong> (P) (868) 625-9972 (F) (868) 624-1221 Web: www.ipo.gov.tt Or contact: The M<strong>in</strong>istry <strong>of</strong> Legal Affairs Registration House 72-74 South Quay Port <strong>of</strong> Spa<strong>in</strong> (P) (868) 624-1660 (F) (868) 624-1221 Web: www.legalaffairs.gov.tt
A <strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>Invest<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>in</strong> Tr<strong>in</strong>idad <strong>and</strong> <strong>Tobago</strong> (<strong>2011</strong>) 81