european journal of social sciences issn: 1450-2267 - EuroJournals

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European Journal of Social Sciences – Volume 5, Number 3 (2007) [61] Tiede, L. J. (1992). A study of selected elementary school principals' use of computers for administrative purposes. (Doctoral dissertation, Northern Illinois University, 1992). Dissertation Abstracts International, 53(06A), 1760. (UMI No. AAG9230727). [62] Thomas, R.M., (1987). Computer technology: an example of decision-making in technology transfer. In R. M. Thomas & V. N. Kobayashi (Eds.), Educational Technology—Its Creation, Development and Cross-Cultural Transfer (pp.25-34). Oxford: Pergamon Press [63] Wolf, R.,(1993). The role of the school principal in computer education. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 19:167-183 118
European Journal of Social Sciences – Volume 5, Number 3 (2007) Comparative Study on Performance of Single Pass, Double Duct Photovoltaic Thermal Collector with and without CPC Ebrahim M. Ali Alfegi Solar Energy Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia E-mail: alfegi@vlsi.eng.ukm.my Kamaruzzaman Sopian Solar Energy Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Mohd Yusof Hj Othman Solar Energy Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Baharudin Bin Yatim Solar Energy Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Abstract This paper presents comparative results of experimental investigations of the photovoltaic, thermal, and combined photovoltaic thermal performance of two solar air collectors. The first collector uses Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) and fins; and the second collector uses only fins without (CPC). Two complete collectors test facilities, operating in the same conditions, equipped with a data acquisition system, have been assembled and tested for comparing their efficiencies. Tests are performed under various parameters such as minimum and maximum solar intensities, ranging from 400 to 700 W/m 2 , inlet temperature ranging between 30 to 35 Cº, and mass flow rate ranging from 0.0316 kg/s to 0.09 kg/s. The comparative results show an average combined performance of 63.65 % for the two collectors when the air mass flow rate reaches 0.09 kg/s. The combined efficiency of the collector with CPC is 65.206 % at mass flow rate 0.09 kg/s, solar intensity of 700 W/m 2 , and inlet temperature of 30 Cº, while its 62.093 % for the collector with out CPC. The results show that the collector coupled with CPC is performs better for both thermal and electrical output of the hybrid PV/T. Keywords: Hybrid PV/T collector, both sides single-pass, CPC, Fin, combined efficiency. Introduction Solar energy is one of the most important source of renewable energy that world needs. The major applications of solar energy can be classified into two categories, Thermal system (T) and Photovoltaic system (PV) cell. Normally, these systems are used separately. In conventional solar thermal system, external electrical energy is required to circulate the working fluid through the system. In conventional photovoltaic system, high incident solar radiation on (PV) panel should give high electrical output. 119
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