United Nations Infantry Battalion Manual - the United Nations

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CHAPTER 6 Protection of Civilians 6.1 : Background. asdf Over 90 percent of UN peacekeeping personnel are currently deployed in missions that the Security Council has mandated to “protect civilians under imminent threat of physical violence” 5 . The UN Protection of Civilians (POC) mandates are without prejudice to the responsibility of the host government. The host nation, local population and international community often measure the value of a peacekeeping operation, as well as the legitimacy and credibility of the UN, based on its success in protecting civilians. There are a number of actors in the mission area who contribute to the POC. However, the military component of the mission has a unique role to play in protecting civilians from physical violence. In this respect, missions with the POC mandate are authorized to use “all necessary means” to prevent, pre-empt and respond to POC concerns, including the use of force. 6.2 : Purpose. The purpose of this chapter is to outline the peacekeeping approach to protecting civilians, and the role that battalions can play in protecting them and contains some key considerations to take into account when doing so. Further details on how specific tasks of the battalion contribute to POC are provided in Chapter 2 of Volume II. This chapter is most applicable for battalions deployed to peacekeeping missions with the mandate to “protect civilians under imminent threat of physical violence”. 6.3 : Comprehensive Approach to POC. In addressing POC concerns, peacekeeping operations need to utilize the full range of the tools (civilian, military and police) at their disposal. In this 5 This Chapter only applies to battalions that are deployed to missions with this Security Council mandated task. 99
100 United Nations Infantry Battalion Manual respect, the protection of civilians is a whole of mission effort. The DPKO- DFS Operational Concept on POC in UN peacekeeping illustrates how peacekeeping operations address POC through three tiers of action. These three tiers are mutually accommodating and should be taken forward simultaneously, in accordance with the priorities of the mission and in light of the circumstances on the ground. The specific roles that battalion commanders and staff can play in these tiers are elaborated below. 6.3.1 : Tier 1–Protection Through Political Process. The protection of civilians will be one of the key elements of the senior mission leadership’s political engagement with the parties. Battalion commanders and battalion staff will have an important role to play in supporting these efforts by building confidence with the parties to the conflict at the local level and in preventing POC incidents. 6.3.2 : Tier 2–Providing Protection from Physical Violence. Most of the tasks highlighted under Chapter 5, Vol. I will be undertaken in support of this tier. Lessons indicate that projecting mission presence, including through standing military patrols and other force deployments, is one of the most visible and reassuring forms of security that a mission can provide to the local population. The battalion may be required to use force to protect civilians from violence. Phases. This tier can be categorized into 4 phases, as indicated below. The phases are not necessarily sequential, but can be undertaken simultaneously or independently, depending on the nature or imminence of the threats. • Phase 1–Assurance and Prevention: The measures in this phase are aimed at reassuring the local population of the mission’s intent to protect them, largely through routine, passive measures. Conducting routine tasks by the battalion, such as patrols and information gathering and analysis are fundamental elements of this phase. Public information activities and key leader engagement are also important supporting efforts. Regular communication with the local population is essential. • Phase 2–Pre-emption: Where measures under Phase 1 prove insufficient, or when heighted risks are detected, more active pre-emptive measures may be required. The military component will have to deploy forces and an increase in proactive, high-visibility patrolling could be employed. Increased liaison with government and non-government armed actors, and potential parties to a conflict, enhanced human rights monitoring, reporting, and
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organization and equipment SUPPORT
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organization and equipment 8.6.2 :
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CHAPTER 10 Training 10.1 : Introduc
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training 10.4.3 : Ongoing Training.
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training 10.7 : Training Stand ards
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CHAPTER 11 Operational Readiness an
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