Exchanging Medieval Material Culture Studies on archaeology and ...

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Hans L. Janssen & Eddie Nijhof
fi g. 20: 1, red ware; Loeff plein kiln: fi g. 29: 2, grey ware and
fi g. 27: 4, red ware). Some of the red examples from the
Loeff plein kiln are provided with a white slip on the inside60.
A second group of marginally smaller bowls has the same general
form, having everted, thickened or collared rims, but no
horizontal handles. Th ey occur in grey ware (Pieterskerk kiln:
fi g. 16: 3; Loeff plein kiln: fi g. 24: 4), but also in red ware. Th ese
large bowls are generally thought to be intended as milk tubs
for the keeping of milk and the separation of the cream from
the milk. Nevertheless they could also be connected with all
sorts of industrial uses.
5.8 Small bowls
Small bowls in red ware occur in modest quantities among the
fi nds of the Pieterskerk kiln. Th ey were mainly used as table
wares. Th ey have a sagging base, three pinched feet, internal
lead glaze and oft en a collared rim with rilling (fi g. 20: 2).
Sometimes everted rims occur (fi g. 20: 4), in one case even a
fl anged rim with horizontal thumbing (fi g. 20: 3). Very few of
these earlier bowls are provided with a priming white slip on
the inside (fi g. 20: 3), in one case under a green cupriferous
lead glaze (fi g. 20: 4). Th e small bowls are much more numerous
among the fi nds of the somewhat later Loeff plein kiln (fi g.
27: 7-9). Th e small bowls from this kiln are characterized by an
internal, sometimes cupriferous lead glaze under a priming of
60 Examples are dblo, inv.nr. 8482, diam. 38 cm (from F-144) and dblo, inv.nr. 9546, diam. 37 cm (from F-144).
61 An example is dblo inv.nr. 9589 from F-144.
white slip. In one case (fi g. 27: 8) the cupriferous lead glaze
over the priming has been used only on the outside; the inside
had a lead glaze. Th e bowls have a bewildering variety of
shapes. Th ey occur with no, one or two vertical rod handles on
the side or on the upper side of the rim (fi g. 27: 7-9; fi g. 28: 2)
and (oft en) a pulled lip. Th e rims are mostly simple and slightly
inverted. In one case the rim is fl anged with horizontal thumbing
(fi g. 27: 7).
A rarity is the fact that in the earlier Pieterskerk kiln, excavated
in 1984, a few small bowls occur, made from white-fi ring clay,
which are discussed later (fi g. 23: 4-5). Th eir morphology does
not diff er very much from the red ware examples.
5.9 Dishes
Small quantities of red ware dishes with a fl anged rim, standing
on three pinched feet, were encountered among the waste
of both kiln sites. Th e inside of the dishes is always glazed and
generally decorated with slip-trailed arcs, dots and blobs (fi g.
20: 5; fi g. 27: 6). Once, in the Loeff plein kiln, a stylized fl ower
motif occurs (fi g. 27: 5). Some dishes from the Loeff plein kiln
are provided with a priming of white slip before being glazed
with (oft en) a cupriferous lead glaze61. Th e sgrafi tto technique
does not seem to have been used for dishes in neither of the
two kilns.
Fig. 23 Pieterskerk kiln. Whiteware: 1: small jug with cupriferous lead glaze (F-35, inv.nr. 2739); 2: small jug with cupriferous lead glaze
(F-35, inv.nr. 2740); 3: small jug with lead glaze and decorations in slip-trailed red-fi ring clay (F-35, inv.nr. 2741); 4: small bowl with
lead glaze on the inside (F-38, inv.nr. 403); 5: small bowl with cupriferous lead glaze on the inside (F-35, inv.nr. 2742). Scale 1:4.
Drawing J-E. Dilz.