Exchanging Medieval Material Culture Studies on archaeology and ...

14 Vlierman 2005.
15 Vlierman m.m.v. Kleij 1990, 9; Hacquebord &
Vlierman 1991, 11; Vlierman 1993, 74.
16 Vlierman 1992a, 10-22; Idem 1992b; Idem
1992c, 50-59; Idem 1993, 69-76; Hocker &
Vlierman 1996, 76-79.
An overview of the dated stoneware (groups) from ships in the Netherlands (Zuiderzee region) and Novaya Zemlya (1200-1600) 191
overwintering (October 1596-June 1597). Th e sherds were collected
on Novaya Zemlya between 1871 and 199514. A river boat
with some ‘Andenne’ pots is another remarkable fi nd. Th ese
‘time capsules’ are rather rare in archaeology. Th e generally second-
or third-class quality stoneware products15 carried on
board can be dated to a short period of use. Traces of use (relative
degrees of wear) indicates the age of the stoneware vessels
at the moment of sinking. Th e ‘standard’ pottery is also briefl y
mentioned, as are the bronze and copper utensils for cooking
and frying, eating and drinking on board16.
2 Inventory of shipwrecks and stoneware finds
2.1 Vessel Pz49 (‘opgeboeide boomstamkano’)
- found on lot Pz49 in Southern Flevoland, 8.5 km north-east
of the (early) medieval settlement of Ark, in the town of
Zeewolde, excavated in 1990. Comparable with the Utrecht
boats of the Van Hoornekade and Waterstraat17.
-Pottery: none.
-Dating evidence: C-14 1210+50 BP 18.
-Comment: the oldest medieval boat in the Almere/Zuiderzee
region.
2.2 Riverboat Neer (‘rivieraak/aakachtige
plankboot’)
-Found in an old bed of the river Maas near the village of Neer,
Province of Limburg, in 1997. Comparable with the Kalkar-
Niedermörmter19.
-Stock-numbers: Neer -1 up to -10.
-Pottery: the inventory contains two complete spouted pots
(fi g. 2) and fragments of eight other vessels in Andenne-type
pottery.
-Context of pottery: found inside the wreck.
-Dating evidence: up to now dendrochronological dating has
not possible. Th e pottery can be identifi ed as Andenne Period
I, to be dated between the late-11th and the third quarter of the
12th century20.
-Comment: two wooden hammers (belonging to a stonemason?)
and a load of c. 5 cm thick poles were also part of the
inventory.
2.3 Hanseatic cog Oz43
-Found on lot OZ 43 in Southern Flevoland, 2.5km north-east
of the medieval settlement of Ark, and north of the town of
Nijkerk, excavated in 198121.
-Stock-numbers: ZO43-1.
-Stoneware: only some very small proto-stoneware sherds were
found (fi g. 3: left ).
-Context of pottery: found inside the wreck.
17 Hoekstra 1975, 390; Vlek 1987; Vlierman 2002,
126-127, fi g. 6-7.
18 File n.i.s.a./ RuG 1991.
19 Obladen-Kauder 1993; Vlierman 2002, 131-132.
Th e boat of Kalkar-Niedermörmter has a dendrochronological
date of 802 ± 5.
-Dating evidence: no dendrochronological analysis is as yet
available. Radiocarbon dating of the treated wood has resulted
in a date of 790 ± 30 BP and 850 ± 60 BP, respectively 1220-
1280 and 1160-1260 AD aft er calibration. Th e type of sintel
(iron cramp) used for fastening the caulking material into the
seams provides a building date in the second or third quarter
of the 13th century22.
-Comment: the inventory also contains a large fragment of a
handmade globular cooking pot (fi g. 3: right). Th e ship probably
sank in the last quarter of the 13th century.
Fig. 2 Riverboat Neer: one of the Andenne pots (photo Limburgs
Museum).
Fig. 3 Hanseatic cog Oz43: fragment of a handmade globular pot
and some very small proto-stoneware sherds.
20 Borremans & Warginaire 1966, 53, fi g. 22:8,
86-7.
21 Vlierman in preparation.
22 RuG: GrN-20003 and GrN-20057; Vlierman
1996, 73, tables I-II.