Proceedings of the - British Association for Applied Linguistics

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The Impact of Applied Linguistics: Proceedings of the 44th Annual Meeting of BAAL University of the West of England 112
23 Naxi, Chinese, English or ASEAN Languages: A Study of Language Policies of Naxi Community in Lijiang, China Hongyan Yang Naxi, Chinese, English or ASEAN Languages: A Study of Language Policies of Naxi Community in Lijiang, China Hongyan Yang Macquarie University, Australia Yunnan Nationalities University, China hongyan.yang@mq.edu.au or yhyxhw@hotmail.com Among 56 officially-recognized nationalities in China, the dominant Han comprises about 92% of the total population while the other 55 minority groups represent about 110 million people with about 120 mother tongues and only 30 minority languages have written scripts. The Naxi ethnic minority in Lijiang, a tourist area of Yunnan in Southwest China, are of particular interest as an ethnic minority due to their unique culture and diverse forms of written language including the unique pictographic Dongba script. Naxi speak Naxi, local Chinese variety, mandarin Chinese and learn English or ASEAN languages as foreign languages. Having been recognized by UNESCO as the World Heritage site destinations, Lijiang has experienced a booming tourism with tourists from both home and abroad and has brought change to language policies and language practices among Naxi. There are several studies of Naxi on Naxi geography, culture and language, bilingual and trilingual education policy (Blachford & Jones, 2011), language transfer (Hong, 2005), schooling and identity (Hansen, 2011; Yu, 2010). However, there is paucity of research that investigates the interplay of Naxi, Chinese and English/foreign languages policies and interrelation of language policies with linguistic power in a complicated multiethnic and multilingual context. Language policy is “another mechanism through which ideology is meant to turn into practice or practice into ideology” (Shohamy, 2006, p. 76). This study aims to fill in this gap with the theoretical frameworks of language policy to explore the hierarchical relationship between language, power and inequality. I argue that language policies of Naxi, Chinese, English and ASEAN languages and practices need to be meditated and justified from the sociolinguistic perspective and understood as local, national, social and political constructions in a multilingual, multiethnic and multicultural context. Two general questions guide this study. (1) What language policies have been implemented in Lijiang? (2) What is the gap between rhetoric and the reality on the 113
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Proceedings of the - British Association for Applied Linguistics

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