ExtraClassSylalbus2009jan-AD7FO

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Rev 2.02 SUBELEMENT E7 -- PRACTICAL CIRCUITS [8 Exam Questions -- 8 Groups] E7 Digital circuits: digital circuit principles and logic circuits: classes of logic elements; positive and negative logic; frequency dividers; truth tables E7A01 A flip-flop is a bistable circuit. Bistable means that it can remain in a 1 or 0 state after being driven by a single input pulse or bit. Each input pulse will cause it to change state from a 1 to a 0 or a 0 to1. E7A02 One output level change is obtained for every two trigger pulses applied to the input of a "T" (triggered) flip-flop circuit. Every rising edge toggles the output (makes it change state). The rise on the first pulse sets the output high the rise from the second pulse sets the output low. Input E7A03 A flip-flop can divide the frequency of the pulse train by 2. E7A04 Two flip-flops are required to divide a signal frequency by 4. Input 100 KHz Output 50 KHz Output Output 25 KHz Output 12.5 KHz E7A05 An astable multivibrator is a circuit that continuously alternates between two unstable states without an external clock. E7A06 The characteristic of a mono-stable multivibrator is that it switches momentarily to the opposite binary state and then returns, after a set time, to its original state. Jack Tiley <strong>AD7FO</strong> Page 64 3/15/2009
Rev 2.02 E7A07 An AND gate produces a logic "1" at its output only if all inputs are logic "1". Input A Input B output 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 E7A08 An NAND gate perform produces a logic "0" at its output only when all inputs are logic "1". Input A Input B output 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 E7A09 An OR gate produces a logic "1" at its output if any or all inputs are logic "1". Input A Input B output 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 E7A10 A NOR gate perform produces a logic "0" at its output if any or all inputs are logic "1". Input A Input B output 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 E7A11 A list of input combinations and corresponding outputs for a digital device is a called a truth table. E7A12 The name for logic which represents logic "1" as a high voltage is Positive Logic. E7A13 The name for logic which represents logic "0" as a high voltage is Negative logic E7B Amplifiers: Class of operation; vacuum tube and solid-state circuits; distortion and intermodulation; spurious and parasitic suppression; microwave amplifiers Amplifier classes: Power amplifiers are classified primarily by the design of the output stage. Classification is based on the amount of time the output device(s) operate during each cycle of the input signal. . Class A operation is where the tube conducts continuously for the entire cycle of the input signal, or a bias current flows in the output devices at all times. The key ingredient of class A operation is that the output is always on. Conversely the output device is never turned off. Because of this, class A amplifiers are single-ended designs. Class A is the most inefficient of all power amplifier designs, averaging only around 20%. Because of this, class A amplifiers are large, heavy and run very hot. On the positive side, class A designs are inherently the most linear, and have the least amount of distortion. When driving an A class amplifier care should be taken to insure the peak to peak input voltage stays within the linear range of the amplifier. Jack Tiley <strong>AD7FO</strong> Page 65 3/15/2009
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Rev 2.02 Preparing for the Extra cl
Page 3 and 4:
Rev 2.02 Guide to using this syllab
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Rev 2.02 SUBELEMENT E4 -- AMATEUR R
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Rev 2.02 ELEMENT 4 - EXTRA CLASS QU
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Rev 2.02 E1A09 (Band Plan Chart) Th
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Rev 2.02 E1B13 (FCC Rules) Communic
Page 13 and 14: Rev 2.02 E1D08 (FCC Rules) The 2 me
Page 15 and 16: Rev 2.02 E1E20 (FCC Rules) You must
Page 17 and 18: Rev 2.02 SUBELEMENT E2 - OPERATING
Page 19 and 20: Rev 2.02 E2A13 Geosynchronous satel
Page 21 and 22: Rev 2.02 E2B17 Immunity from fading
Page 23 and 24: Rev 2.02 E2D02 The definition of
Page 25 and 26: Rev 2.02 SUBELEMENT E3 -- RADIO WAV
Page 27 and 28: Rev 2.02 E3C01 Auroral activity cau
Page 29 and 30: Rev 2.02 E4A06 A spectrum analyzer
Page 31 and 32: Rev 2.02 E4B09 High impedance input
Page 33 and 34: Rev 2.02 E4C06 If t he thermal nois
Page 35 and 36: Rev 2.02 E4D11 Third-order intermod
Page 37 and 38: Rev 2.02 SUBELEMENT E5 -- ELECTRICA
Page 39 and 40: Rev 2.02 E5B Time constants and pha
Page 41 and 42: Rev 2.02 Example 2: To find the ang
Page 43 and 44: Rev 2.02 j 50 -j 25 E5B12 The phase
Page 45 and 46: Rev 2.02 j 600 -j300 E5C04 In polar
Page 47 and 48: Rev 2.02 Parallel circuit solutions
Page 49 and 50: Rev 2.02 R=300 Ω XL= (2 π FL) or
Page 51 and 52: Rev 2.02 Power Factor represents th
Page 53 and 54: Rev 2.02 SUBELEMENT E6 -- CIRCUIT C
Page 55 and 56: Rev 2.02 Field-effect transistors e
Page 57 and 58: Rev 2.02 E6B12 Junction diodes are
Page 59 and 60: Rev 2.02 E6D02 Cathode ray tube (CR
Page 61 and 62: Rev 2.02 E6E04 The technique used t
Page 63: Rev 2.02 E6F07 Cadmium sulfide will
Page 67 and 68: Rev 2.02 When a Class C rather than
Page 69 and 70: Rev 2.02 E7C01 In a low-pass filter
Page 71 and 72: Rev 2.02 E7D02 One characteristic o
Page 73 and 74: Rev 2.02 E7E05 A pre-emphasis netwo
Page 75 and 76: Rev 2.02 E7F08 One purpose of a mar
Page 77 and 78: Rev 2.02 E7G17 The typical output i
Page 79 and 80: Rev 2.02 E7H19 A phase-locked loop
Page 81 and 82: Rev 2.02 E8A06 The approximate rati
Page 83 and 84: Rev 2.02 E8B13 In time division mul
Page 85 and 86: Rev 2.02 E8D07 An electromagnetic w
Page 87 and 88: Rev 2.02 E9A10 Antenna bandwidth is
Page 89 and 90: Rev 2.02 E9B10 The “Method of Mom
Page 91 and 92: Rev 2.02 E9C09 The elevation angle
Page 93 and 94: Rev 2.02 E9D09 An advantage of usin
Page 95 and 96: Rev 2.02 E9E08 An SWR greater than
Page 97 and 98: Rev 2.02 E9F11 A 1/8-wavelength tra
Page 99 and 100: Rev 2.02 E9H05 The main drawback of
Page 101 and 102: Rev 2.02 SUBELEMENT E0 -- SAFETY [1
Page 103 and 104: Rev 2.02 Jack Tiley AD7FO Page 103
Page 105 and 106: Rev 2.02 Capacitors in series C= __
Page 107 and 108: Rev 2.02 Impedance of complex serie
Page 109 and 110: Rev 2.02 Calculating Component valu
Page 111 and 112: Rev 2.02 AC Voltage Calculations Th
Page 113: Rev 2.02 Jack Tiley AD7FO Page 113
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