ExtraClassSylalbus2009jan-AD7FO

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Rev 2.02 E8B02 The modulation index of a phase-modulated emission does not depend on the RF carrier frequency. Modulation index = Deviation / Modulation frequency E8B03 The modulation index of an FM-phone signal having a maximum frequency deviation of 3000 Hz either side of the carrier frequency, when the modulating frequency is 1000 Hz is 3.0. Modulation index = Deviation / Modulation frequency or 3000/1000 or 3.0 E8B04 The modulation index of an FM-phone signal having a maximum carrier deviation of plus or minus 6 kHz when modulated with a 2-kHz modulating frequency is 3.0. Modulation index = Deviation / Modulation frequency or 6000/2000 or 3.0 E8B05 The deviation ratio of an FM-phone signal having a maximum frequency swing of plus-or-minus 5 kHz and accepting a maximum modulation rate of 3 kHz is 1.66. Deviation Ratio = Max Deviation / Max Modulation frequency or 5000/3000 or 1.666 E8B06 The deviation ratio of an FM-phone signal having a maximum frequency swing of plus or minus 7.5 kHz and accepting a maximum modulation frequency of 3.5 kHz is 2.14. Deviation Ratio = Max Deviation / Max Modulation frequency or 7500/3500 or 2.142 E8B07 When using a pulse-width modulation system, the transmitter's peak power is greater than its average power because the signal duty cycle is less than 100%. E8B08 The modulating signal in a pulse-position modulation system will vary the time at which each pulse occurs. E8B09 The pulses of a pulse-modulated signal are usually transmitted as a pulse of relatively short duration and sent with a relatively long period of time separating each pulse. This keeps the average power much lower than the peak power. E8B10 Deviation ratio is the ratio of the maximum carrier frequency deviation to the highest audio modulating frequency. Deviation Ratio = maximum carrier deviation / highest modulating frequency E8B11 Frequency division multiplexing can be used to combine several separate analog information streams into a single analog radio frequency signal. E8B12 In frequency division multiplexing, two or more information streams are merged into a "baseband", which then modulates the transmitter. Jack Tiley <strong>AD7FO</strong> Page 82 3/15/2009
Rev 2.02 E8B13 In time division multiplexing two or more signals are arranged to share discrete time slots of a digital data transmission. E8C Digital signals: digital communications modes; CW; information rate vs. bandwidth; spread-spectrum communications; modulation methods E8C01 Morse code is a digital code consisting of elements having unequal length. E8C02 Some of the differences between the Baudot digital code and ASCII are; Baudot uses five data bits per character and ASCII uses seven; Baudot uses two characters as shift codes, ASCII has no shift code. E8C03 One advantage of using the ASCII code for data communications is that it is possible to transmit both upper and lower case text. E8C04 This question has been removed by the QPC E8C05 The Technique of using sinusoidal data pulses minimizs the bandwidth requirements of a PSK-31 signal. In PSK31 (1's) are represented by a tone with no phase shift compared to the previous bit and (0's) are tone with a 180 degree phase shift relative to the phase of the previous bit. The phase shift occurs during the zero level modulation to minimize bandwidth. When the modulation level returns, the positions of the sinewave top and bottom are reversed from the previous bit. Thus the phase changes by 180 degrees while the frequency remains constant. E8C06 The necessary bandwidth of a 13-WPM international Morse code transmission is approximately 52 Hz. E8C07 The necessary bandwidth of a 170-hertz shift, 300-baud ASCII transmission is 0.5 kHz (or 500Hz). E8C08 The necessary bandwidth of a 4800-Hz frequency shift, 9600-baud ASCII FM transmission is 15.36 kHz. E8C09 The term Spread-spectrum communication describes a wide-bandwidth communications system in which the transmitted carrier frequency varies according to some predetermined sequence. E8C10 A spread-spectrum technique causes a digital signal to appear as wide-band noise to a conventional receiver. E8C11 Frequency hopping is a spread-spectrum communications technique that alters the center frequency of a conventional carrier many times per second in accordance with a pseudo-random list of channels. E8C12 A direct sequence spread-spectrum communications technique uses a high speed binary bit stream to shift the phase of an RF carrier. E8C13 Jack Tiley <strong>AD7FO</strong> Page 83 3/15/2009
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Rev 2.02 Preparing for the Extra cl
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Rev 2.02 Guide to using this syllab
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Rev 2.02 SUBELEMENT E4 -- AMATEUR R
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Rev 2.02 ELEMENT 4 - EXTRA CLASS QU
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Rev 2.02 E1A09 (Band Plan Chart) Th
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Rev 2.02 E1B13 (FCC Rules) Communic
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Rev 2.02 E1D08 (FCC Rules) The 2 me
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Rev 2.02 E1E20 (FCC Rules) You must
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Rev 2.02 SUBELEMENT E2 - OPERATING
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Rev 2.02 E2A13 Geosynchronous satel
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Rev 2.02 E2B17 Immunity from fading
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Rev 2.02 E2D02 The definition of
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Rev 2.02 SUBELEMENT E3 -- RADIO WAV
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Rev 2.02 E3C01 Auroral activity cau
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Rev 2.02 E4A06 A spectrum analyzer
Page 31 and 32: Rev 2.02 E4B09 High impedance input
Page 33 and 34: Rev 2.02 E4C06 If t he thermal nois
Page 35 and 36: Rev 2.02 E4D11 Third-order intermod
Page 37 and 38: Rev 2.02 SUBELEMENT E5 -- ELECTRICA
Page 39 and 40: Rev 2.02 E5B Time constants and pha
Page 41 and 42: Rev 2.02 Example 2: To find the ang
Page 43 and 44: Rev 2.02 j 50 -j 25 E5B12 The phase
Page 45 and 46: Rev 2.02 j 600 -j300 E5C04 In polar
Page 47 and 48: Rev 2.02 Parallel circuit solutions
Page 49 and 50: Rev 2.02 R=300 Ω XL= (2 π FL) or
Page 51 and 52: Rev 2.02 Power Factor represents th
Page 53 and 54: Rev 2.02 SUBELEMENT E6 -- CIRCUIT C
Page 55 and 56: Rev 2.02 Field-effect transistors e
Page 57 and 58: Rev 2.02 E6B12 Junction diodes are
Page 59 and 60: Rev 2.02 E6D02 Cathode ray tube (CR
Page 61 and 62: Rev 2.02 E6E04 The technique used t
Page 63 and 64: Rev 2.02 E6F07 Cadmium sulfide will
Page 65 and 66: Rev 2.02 E7A07 An AND gate produces
Page 67 and 68: Rev 2.02 When a Class C rather than
Page 69 and 70: Rev 2.02 E7C01 In a low-pass filter
Page 71 and 72: Rev 2.02 E7D02 One characteristic o
Page 73 and 74: Rev 2.02 E7E05 A pre-emphasis netwo
Page 75 and 76: Rev 2.02 E7F08 One purpose of a mar
Page 77 and 78: Rev 2.02 E7G17 The typical output i
Page 79 and 80: Rev 2.02 E7H19 A phase-locked loop
Page 81: Rev 2.02 E8A06 The approximate rati
Page 85 and 86: Rev 2.02 E8D07 An electromagnetic w
Page 87 and 88: Rev 2.02 E9A10 Antenna bandwidth is
Page 89 and 90: Rev 2.02 E9B10 The “Method of Mom
Page 91 and 92: Rev 2.02 E9C09 The elevation angle
Page 93 and 94: Rev 2.02 E9D09 An advantage of usin
Page 95 and 96: Rev 2.02 E9E08 An SWR greater than
Page 97 and 98: Rev 2.02 E9F11 A 1/8-wavelength tra
Page 99 and 100: Rev 2.02 E9H05 The main drawback of
Page 101 and 102: Rev 2.02 SUBELEMENT E0 -- SAFETY [1
Page 103 and 104: Rev 2.02 Jack Tiley AD7FO Page 103
Page 105 and 106: Rev 2.02 Capacitors in series C= __
Page 107 and 108: Rev 2.02 Impedance of complex serie
Page 109 and 110: Rev 2.02 Calculating Component valu
Page 111 and 112: Rev 2.02 AC Voltage Calculations Th
Page 113: Rev 2.02 Jack Tiley AD7FO Page 113
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