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fotoefeqtis movlena 1905 wels axsna albert ainStainma. man gamoiyena<br />
1900 wels maqs plankis mier Camoyali bebuli hipoTeza: atomebi eleqtromagnitur<br />
energias asxiveben calkeuli porciebiT _ kvantebiT.<br />
TiToeuli porciis E ene r gia gamosxi vebis sixSiris propor ciulia:<br />
E=hν, (1)<br />
sadac h=6,63.10 -34 j.wm proporci ulo bis koeficients plan kis mud miva<br />
uwodes. plankis daSveba faqtiurad niSnavda, rom klasikuri fizikis<br />
kanonebi ar gamod geba mikrosamyaros movlenebi saTvis.<br />
ainStainis Teoriis mixedviT, si naT les aqvs wyvetili struqtura:<br />
E=hν sinaTlis energiis gamosxi ve buli porcia inarCunebs Tavis individualobas<br />
SemdgomSic, sinaTlis gav rcelebis procesSi. STanTqma<br />
Se saZ lebelia mxo lod mTeli por ciisa.<br />
<br />
6. rogor fiqrobT, fotoeleqtronebis kinetikuri<br />
energia hν-s tolia, masze metia Tu naklebi?<br />
faqtia, eleqtronma fotonis (anu sinaTlis kvantis) hν energia STanTqa<br />
da am energiis xarjze nivTierebidan amovarda. liTonidan amosvlisas<br />
eleqtroni asrulebs A muSaobas da kidev aqvs<br />
kinetikuri energia.<br />
energiis mudmivobis kanonis Tanaxmad SeiZleba davweroT:<br />
(2)<br />
ainStainis es gantoleba xsnis Zi riTad faqtebs, romlebic fo toefeqts<br />
exeba. imisaTvis, rom sinaT lem nivTierebidan eleqtroni amoagdos,<br />
saWiroa, sinaTlis kva n tis anu fotonis energia meti iyos gamos vlis<br />
muSaobaze, e. i. hν>A.<br />
<br />
7. rogoria Tqveni varaudi, gansxvavebulia Tu ara<br />
sxva dasxva liTonidan eleqtronis gamosvlis muSaoba<br />
erTmane Tisagan? axseniT, ris safuZvelze fiqrobT ase?<br />
8. erTi da imave sixSiris sinaTles SeuZlia Tu ara yvela liTonidan<br />
eleqtronis amogdeba? pasuxi daasabuTeT.<br />
yoveli nivTierebisaTvis fotoefeqti xdeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu<br />
dacemuli sinaTlis sixSire tolia an metia garkveul minimalur sixSireze<br />
n≥n min,<br />
romlis mniSvnelobac damokidebulia nivTierebis gvarobaze.<br />
ainStainis gantolebis mixedviT fotoefeqti xdeba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac<br />
hn ≥ A. aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom n min<br />
anu is umciresi sixSire, romlis<br />
drosac jer kidev xdeba fotoefeqti ganisazRvreba tolobiT o<br />
A<br />
min = .<br />
h<br />
n min<br />
zRvrul sixSires uwodeben fotoefeqtis wiTel sazRvars. misi<br />
mniSvneloba sxvadasxva nivTierebisaTvis sxvadasxvaa. fotoefeqtis<br />
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