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mixeil basilaZe<br />
294 69 77; qronikaqronika@gmail.com<br />
gagrZeleba. dasawyisi<br />
ix. „qronika+“ #3;4.<br />
saqarTvelos gasabWoebisTvis<br />
mzadeba bolSevikurma ruseTma, jer<br />
kidev, 1920 wlis maisSi daiwyo. ruse-<br />
Tis komunisturi partiis kavkasiis<br />
biuros xelmZRvaneli, sergo orjonikiZe,<br />
moskovisgan daJinebiT iTxovda<br />
saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg samxedro<br />
operaciis Catarebis nebarTvas,<br />
magram saerTaSoriso mdgomareobis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT, ruseTi am<br />
nabijisgan Tavs ikavebda.<br />
1921 wlis ianvris miwuruls saerTaSoriso<br />
viTareba ruseTis sasargeblod<br />
Seicvala. bolSevikebma,<br />
faqtobrivad, daasrules did britaneTTan<br />
molaparakeba, romelsac<br />
or qveyanas Soris savaWro-ekonomikur<br />
sferoSi mWidro urTierTobis<br />
damyareba unda mohyoloda. am TanamSromlobis<br />
sanacvlod, ruseTi<br />
centralur aziaSi didi britaneTis<br />
interesebs upirobod cnobda. Tavis<br />
mxriv, londoni aRiarebda, rom kavkasia<br />
ruseTis Sida politikis saqmes<br />
warmoadgenda. ruseTma farul<br />
SeTanxmebas TurqeTTanac miaRwia.<br />
aTaTurqis mTavroba saqarTvelos<br />
istoriul kuTxes _ tao-klarjeTs<br />
iTxovda. 1921 wlis ianvarSi sabolood<br />
gairkva, rom Tu TurqeTi ardaganis,<br />
arTvinisa da olTisis olqebs<br />
miiRebda, igi saqarTvelos Zalismieri<br />
gasabWoebis winaaRmdegi ar iqneboda.<br />
28 ianvars saqarTvelos gasabWoebis<br />
sakiTxi sabolood gadawyda. amis<br />
Taobaze stalinma orjonikiZes Sesabamisi<br />
depeSis saSualebiT acnoba:<br />
„cekam miiRo gadawyvetileba gawios<br />
mosamzadebeli muSaoba im varaudiT,<br />
rom SesaZloa saWiro Seiqmnes samxedro<br />
Careva da saqarTvelos okupacia.<br />
gadawyda agreTve SekiTxva gaugzavnon<br />
kavkasiis fronts Cveni samxedro<br />
Zalebis mdgomareobaze, imaze<br />
Tu ra Zalebi dagvWirdeba kidev,<br />
rom ueWvelad davamarcxoT saqar-<br />
Tvelo, Torem trocki irwmuneba,<br />
rom Tqvens frontze Cven erTob<br />
susti varTo. Cems saxelze gamoagzavne<br />
cnoba, SegviZlia Tu ara viqonioT<br />
sruli gamarjvebis imedi Zal-<br />
Ta arsebuli raodenobiT. me da<br />
iliCi veliT Sengan zust, gauzviadebel<br />
cnobebs”.<br />
saqarTvelos okupacia XI wiTeli<br />
armiis Zalebis saSualebiT daigegma,<br />
romlis SemadgenlobaSi, daaxloebiT,<br />
30 aTasi qveiTi jariskaci<br />
da 4 aTasamde cxenosani iricxeboda.<br />
es armia, rusebis garda, sxva nacionalur<br />
nawilebsac aerTianebda.<br />
aq imyofeboda Crdilo kavkasielebisgan<br />
Sedgenili SariaTis kolona;<br />
baqos muslimTa polki; CerqezTa<br />
wiTel partizanTa polki; yazax-Sam-<br />
Sadinis somxuri polki; Cinel moxaliseTa<br />
batalioni.<br />
sergo orjonikiZis iniciativiT,<br />
XI armiaSi qarTuli polkic Camoyalibda,<br />
romelsac giorgi baramiZe xelmZRvanelobda.<br />
polkis komisari<br />
tarasi mgalobliSvili iyo. es nawili<br />
700 kacs iTvlida, aqedan 80%<br />
erovnebiT qarTveli iyo. sayurad-<br />
Reboa, rom qarTulma polkma samxedro<br />
fici baqoSi 1920 wlis 26 maiss,<br />
anu saqarTvelos damoukideblobis<br />
dRes miiRo. ficis teqsti<br />
Semdegi iyo: „Cven pirobas vaZlevT<br />
amierkavkasiis proletariats, mker-<br />
14<br />
diT davicvaT amierkavkasiis mSromelTa<br />
ganTavisuflebis saqme. mivdivarT<br />
ra mxardamxar saxelovani ruseTis<br />
wiTel armiasTan erTad, Cven<br />
davamsxvrevT da gavanadgurebT mSvidobiani<br />
Sromis damonebisa da<br />
Cagvris borkilebs. Cven daSnakebs,<br />
menSevikebsa da mTel burJuaziul<br />
xrovas xelidan gamovtacebT da gavaTavisuflebT<br />
Cvens Zmebs – amierkavkasiis<br />
muSebsa da glexebs.<br />
gaumarjos sabWoTa saqarTvelos da<br />
somxeTs! gaumarjos komunizms!”<br />
qarTulma wiTelma polkma sabrZolo<br />
naTloba 1920 wlis ivlisSi<br />
miiRo. komunistebma es nawili SemaxaSi<br />
azerbaijanelTa antisabWoTa<br />
ajanyebis Casaqrobad gamoiyenes.<br />
1920 wlis meore naxevarSi da 1921<br />
wlis damdegs qarTuli kompartiis<br />
9 aTasi wevridan mniSvnelovani nawili<br />
saqarTvelos farglebs gareT<br />
cxovrobda. respublikis winaaRmdeg<br />
warmoebuli ZirgamomTxreli saqmianobis<br />
gamo saqarTvelos mTavrobam<br />
isini qveynidan gaaZeva. maTma Ziri-<br />
Tadma nawilma sabWoTa azerbaijanis<br />
dedaqalaq baqos Seafara Tavi. swored<br />
es jgufi amzadebda saqarTvelos<br />
winaaRmdeg samxedro intervencias.<br />
am jgufSi Sediodnen l. dumbaZe, g.<br />
sturua, s. mamulia, m. kaxiani, v. ZnelaZe,<br />
e. kvantaliani, v. baxtaZe, n. kiknaZe.<br />
saqarTveloze Tavdasxmamde wi-<br />
Telarmielebs Sesabamisi ideologiuri<br />
damuSaveba utardebodaT. amis<br />
dasturia 1921 wlis Tebervlis<br />
dasawyisSi XI armiis gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli<br />
statia, saTauriT „ajanyebis<br />
win”. am statiaSi ganmartebulia,<br />
Tu ratom iyo saWiro saqarTvelos<br />
winaaRmdeg samxedro operaciis<br />
Catareba: „saqarTveloSi SeWris<br />
sababi SeiZleba gaxdes: 1. mSromel-<br />
Ta masebSi saqarTvelos komunisturi<br />
partiis avtoritetisa da gavlenis<br />
zrda; 2. qveyanaSi Sida krizisis<br />
gamwvaveba; 3. menSevikuri mTavrobis<br />
sijiute urTierTobis mSvidobiani<br />
gziT mogvarebasTan dakav-<br />
SirebiT; 4. saqarTvelos muSaTa da<br />
glexTa masebis mzadyofna burJuaziul-menSevikuri,<br />
antisaxalxo<br />
diqtaturis dasamxobad”.<br />
1921 wlis 11 Tebervals, bolSevikuri<br />
agresiis dawyebisas, lores<br />
raionSi, daaxloebiT, 8-aTasiani qar-<br />
Tuli SenaerTi idga. sasazRvro<br />
sofel voroncovkas misadgomebs 3<br />
aTasi jariskaci amagrebda, Sagalisadaxlos<br />
ubans ki 5-aTaskaciani dajgufeba<br />
icavda. aq iyo me-2 saarmio<br />
brigadis sami polki, erTi saartilerio<br />
polki, kavaleriis ori eskadroni<br />
da saxalxo gvardiis ramdenime<br />
nawili.<br />
samxedro agresia lores raionSi<br />
1921 wlis<br />
16 Tebervals ruseTi saqarTvelos<br />
winaaRmdeg pirdapir samxedro<br />
agresiaze gadmovida. Setevis nebar-<br />
Tva kavbiurom moskovidan, jer<br />
kidev, 14 Tebervals miiRo. saidumlo<br />
Setyobinebas xels Tavad lenini<br />
awerda: „ceka Tanaxmaa, neba darTos<br />
me-11 armias aqtiurad dauWiros mxari<br />
saqarTveloSi momxdar ajanyebas<br />
da daikavos Tbilisi, Tu daicavs<br />
saerTaSoriso normebs da im pirobas,<br />
rom me-11 armiis revoluciuri<br />
samxedro sabWos yvela wevri yvela<br />
monacemis seriozuli ganxilvis Semdeg<br />
warmatebas aRgviTqvams. gafrTxilebT,<br />
rom transportis uqonlobis<br />
gamo upurod vsxedvarT da verc<br />
erT vagons ver mogcemT. iZulebulebi<br />
varT, kavkasiidan marto puri<br />
da navTi vzidoT. moviTxovT, dauyovnebliv<br />
gvipasuxoT pirdapiri<br />
mavTuliT, pasuxs xeli moaweros me-<br />
11 armiis revoluciuri sabWos yvela<br />
wevrma”.<br />
am Setyobinebidan meore dRes, 15<br />
Tebervals, orjonikiZem kremlidan<br />
kidev erTi saidumlo depeSa miiRo,<br />
romelic ganmartavda Tu ra sababiT<br />
unda emoqmeda me-11 armias saqarTvelos<br />
winaaRmdeg: „cekas miaCnia, rom<br />
me-11 armiis revoluciuri samxedro<br />
sabWos operaciebi neitraluri zonis<br />
ajanyebulTa dacvaa TeTrgvardielTa<br />
mxriv mosalodneli ganadgurebisagan.<br />
angariSi gauwieT Tqveni<br />
operaciis am politikur xasiaTs<br />
yvela Tqvens sajaro gamosvlaSi. ra<br />
Tqma unda, Cven me-11 armiis revoluciuri<br />
samxedro sabWosagan moveliT<br />
energiul da swraf moqmedebas, romelic<br />
imasac ki ar moerideba, rom<br />
Tbilisi aiRos, Tu es saWiro gaxdeba<br />
samxedro mosazrebebiT...”<br />
me-11 armiam saqarTvelos sazRvari<br />
ramdenime adgilas gadakveTa. ZiriTadi<br />
Semtevi diviziebi aRstafa-<br />
Si iyo Tavmoyrili. aqedan Tbilisze<br />
umoklesi gza gadioda. bolSevikeb-<br />
wiTeli laqa<br />
saqarTvelos<br />
istoriaSi<br />
imitirebuli saxalxo ajanyebiT daiwyo,<br />
romelsac profesionali revolucioneri,<br />
axalcixis mkvidri<br />
ioseb laziani xelmZRvanelobda. laziani<br />
baqos komunis aqtiuri monawile<br />
iyo da orjonikiZes piradad icnobda.<br />
1920 wlis noemberSi, somxe-<br />
Tis gasabWoebis Semdeg, igi somxeTis<br />
wiTeli armiis politganyofilebis<br />
ufrosis moadgiled dainiSna da<br />
loreSi ajanyebis momzadeba daevala.<br />
lazianis mTavar amocanas Sagalis<br />
strategiuli xidis dakaveba<br />
warmoadgenda, romlis saSualebi-<br />
Tac wiTeli armiis nawilebi daubrkoleblad<br />
Semovidodnen saqar-<br />
Tvelos teritoriaze.<br />
11 Tebervlis Rames lazianis<br />
razmi daba SagaliSi Tavs daesxa<br />
qarTvel mesazRvreebs da, praqtikulad,<br />
ubrZolvelad daikava strategiuli<br />
obieqti. amis Semdeg saqmeSi<br />
CaerTo wiTeli armiis regularuli<br />
nawilebi. saerTo jamSi, qarTuli<br />
sasazRvro nawilebis winaaRmdeg<br />
loreSi bolSevikTa sami qveiTi da<br />
kavaleriis ori divizia, somxeTis<br />
sabWoTa respublikis me-5 da me-6<br />
polkebi da erTi cxenosanTa polki<br />
moqmedebda.<br />
wiTlebis moulodneli Tavdasxmis<br />
Sedegad qarTuli sasazRvro nawilebi<br />
TiTqmis mTlianad ganadgurda.<br />
13 Tebervals general gedevaniSvilis<br />
mier naCqarevad dawyebulma<br />
Setevam Sedegi ar gamoiRo. mowinaaRmdege<br />
kontrieriSze gadmovida<br />
da daba sadaxloc daikava. 14 Tebervals<br />
wiTlebi ukve SulaverSi Sevidnen.<br />
bolSevikebs Tbilisisken gza<br />
gaexsnaT. lores mcveli qarTuli<br />
jari mTlianad daiSala. jariskac-<br />
Ta nawili Tbilisisken uwesrigod<br />
ixevda, nawili ganadgurda, an tyved<br />
Cavarda, danarCenma ki iaraRi dayara.<br />
1921 wlis 16 Tebervals wiTeli<br />
armiis mier dakavebul SulaverSi<br />
saqarTvelos revoluciuri komiteti<br />
Camoyalibda. Sulaveris revkoms<br />
erTaderTi mizani hqonda _ maTi<br />
meSveobiT bolSevikebi saqarTvelo-<br />
Si SemoWris gamarTlebas cdilobdnen.<br />
komunistTa strategia Semdegi<br />
iyo: saqarTvelos revkomis moTxovnis<br />
safuZvelze sabWoTa ruseTs<br />
samxedro daxmareba unda gaewia lores<br />
raionSi saqarTvelos mTavrobis<br />
winaaRmdeg ajanyebuli mSromelebisTvis.<br />
saqarTvelos revkomis SemadgenlobaSi<br />
Sediodnen: filipe maxaraZe,<br />
mamia oraxelaSvili, budu mdivani,<br />
Salva eliava, mixeil okujava, lado<br />
dumbaZe, aleqsandre gegeWkori, besarion<br />
kvirkvelia. pirvelive sxdomaze,<br />
romelic 16 Tebervals SulaverSive<br />
gaimarTa, revkomma lenins<br />
daxmarebis Txovna gaugzavna: „saqarTvelos<br />
revoluciuri komiteti,<br />
romelic iSva menSevikebis kontrrevoluciuri<br />
mTavrobis winaaRmdeg<br />
xalxis masebis ajanyebis cecxlsa da<br />
kvamlSi, aRfrTovanebul salams ugzavnis<br />
didi proletaruli revoluciis<br />
belads. saerTaSoriso imperializmis<br />
mier sami wlis manZilze<br />
nasazrdoebma menSevikebis mTavrobam<br />
mSromelTa dasaTrgunavad sakuTari<br />
policiuri da samxedro aparati Seqmna,<br />
magram xalxis masebis ukanaskneli<br />
ajanyeba Zlevamosili aRmoCnda.<br />
saqarTvelos mTavrobis dasaxmareblad<br />
iswrafian evropis reaqciis<br />
Zalebi. gaerTianebuli Savi laSqris<br />
winaaRmdegobis gaweva mxolod SeerTebul<br />
wiTel socialistur<br />
laSqars SeuZlia. Cven vimedovnebT,<br />
rom diadi proletaruli revoluciis<br />
qveyana ar dagvtovebs uTanasworo<br />
brZolaSi da daxmarebas aRmouCens<br />
axlad Sobil saqarTvelos<br />
socialistur sabWoTa respublikas”.<br />
saqarTvelos damfuZnebelma krebam<br />
sagangebo sxdomaze Sulaveris<br />
revkomis Sesaxeb specialuri dadgenileba<br />
miiRo, sadac qarTveli<br />
bolSevikebi qveynis moRalateebad<br />
gamoacxada: „iRebs ra mxedvelobaSi,<br />
rom saqarTveloze TavdasxmaSi monawileobas<br />
iReben qarTveli xalxis<br />
uRirsi Svilni, damfuZnebeli kreba<br />
adgens: yvela qarTveli, romelic<br />
uSualo monawileobas iReben SeiaraRebul<br />
brZolaSi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg<br />
an daxmarebas uweven am brZolas,<br />
gamocxadebulni arian qarTveli<br />
xalxis moRalateebad. maT erTmevad<br />
yovelive qoneba da kanons gareSe<br />
arian gamocxadebulni. am dadgenilebis<br />
sisruleSi moyvana evaleba<br />
mTavrobas. eseni arian: filipe<br />
maxaraZe, mamia oraxelaSvili, budu<br />
mdivani, Salva eliava, miSa okujava,<br />
lado dumbaZe, faiki, nazareTiani,<br />
saSa gegeWkori, beso kvirkvelia”.<br />
sergo orjonikiZe<br />
14 N5 (<strong>226</strong>) 20.02-26.02.2018 w.
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