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mariam tieliZe<br />
598 95 96 46<br />
2017 wlis bolos saqarTvelos<br />
parlamentma daamtkica „saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis” uflebamosileba<br />
sesxis gamcemi subieqtebis saqmianobis regulirebisa<br />
da zedamxedvelobis „saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis Sesaxeb”<br />
saqarTvelos organul kanonSi ganxorcielebuli cv-<br />
lilebiT. Sesabamisi proeqti 2018 wlis 11 ianvars amoqmedda.<br />
aRniSnuli uflebamosilebis Tanaxmad, „saqarTvelos erovnul<br />
banks” daevala, rom 2018 wlis pirvel oqtombramde gamosces<br />
sesxis gamcemi subieqtis saqmianobis zedamxedvelobis maregulirebeli<br />
samarTlebrivi aqti da 2019 wlis pirveli ianvri-<br />
dan regularulad ganaxorcielos sesxis gamcemi subieqtebis<br />
saqmianobis zedamxedveloba.<br />
2018 wlis pirvel oqtombers<br />
saqarTvelos parlamentma gamoaqveyna<br />
dokumenti „saqarTvelos<br />
erovnuli bankis Sesaxeb”<br />
saqarTvelos organul kanonSi<br />
cvlilebis Setanis Taobaze. Sesabamisi<br />
dokumentis Tanaxmad,<br />
erovnul banks miniWebuli aqvs<br />
sruli uflebamosileba, zedam-<br />
294 69 77; qronikaqronika@gmail.com<br />
uli banki Tavad iyos aRniSnuli<br />
seqtoris maregulirebeli.<br />
mivesalmebi am iniciativas iqidan<br />
gamomdinare, rom nebismieri<br />
finansuri organizacia, finansuri<br />
instituti, romelic<br />
sesxis gacemis procedurebTan<br />
aris dakavSirebuli, aucileblad<br />
unda iyos erovnuli reg-<br />
koeficientiT xasiaTdeba.<br />
kargi iqneboda, midgomebi<br />
diferencirebuli yofiliyo<br />
TviTon organizaciebis simsxvilidan<br />
gamomdinare. Tumca<br />
erovnulma bankma saWirod miiCnia,<br />
rom erTiani standarti yofiliyo.<br />
vnaxoT, TviTon bazari<br />
rogor moaxdens reagirebas am<br />
regulaciebis mimarT. namdvilad<br />
arsebobs albaToba, rom, uaxloes<br />
periodSi bevrma organizaciam<br />
uari Tqvas bazarze operirebaze<br />
ara mxolod am regulaciis<br />
gamo, aramed sxva, axlad<br />
miRebuli regulaciebis<br />
gamoc, radgan erovnulma bankma<br />
bevri sxva SezRudva Semoi-<br />
Ro. am yvelafris fonze, Sesa-<br />
Zlebelia, rom organizaciebis<br />
nawili bazarze aRar darCes.<br />
_ sesxis gamcem subieqtebs<br />
arsebiTia, finansur instituts<br />
marTavdes sakmaod gamocdili<br />
da profesionali kadrebi finansebis,<br />
ekonomikis, iurisprudenciis<br />
mimarTulebiT. vfiqrob,<br />
es sakiTxic sakmaod sworad<br />
aris dalagebuli. unda gairkves<br />
da warmodgindes, arsebobs<br />
Tu ara safrTxe, rom aseTi<br />
tipis pirebma SeZlon, raime zegavlena<br />
moaxdinon finansuri<br />
organizaciebis araswori mimarTulebiT<br />
wasvlis kuTxiT.<br />
_ sesxis gamcem subieqtebs<br />
erovnuli bankis mimarT ra<br />
valdebulebebi eqnebaT?<br />
_ erTi konkretuli da mniSvnelovani<br />
valdebuleba aris<br />
is, rom yvela finansuri instituti<br />
unda daeqvemdebaros da<br />
Seasrulos is wesebi, dadgenilebebi<br />
da debulebebi, rasac<br />
bis Sesaxeb, rac, sabolood, imis<br />
saSualebas mogvcems, rom gauTviTcnobiereblobis<br />
Sedegad<br />
miRebuli ziani da a. S. Tavidan<br />
iqnes acilebuli. ase rom, upirveles<br />
yovlisa, momxmareblisTvis<br />
kargia, roca misi uflebebi<br />
daculi iqneba TaRliTuri<br />
sqemebisgan, organizaciebis mier<br />
arakeTilsindisieri mopyrobisgan<br />
da a. S.<br />
_ saqarTvelos erovnul<br />
banks ra valdebulebebi eqne-<br />
ba, zedamxedvelobis kuTxiT,<br />
sesxis gamcemi subieqtebis mi-<br />
marT?<br />
_ qveyanaSi finansuri stabilurobis<br />
Seqmna _ es gaxlavT<br />
erovnuli bankis erTaderTi valdebuleba.<br />
aqedan gamomdinare,<br />
misi TiToeuli debuleba<br />
`erovnuli banki<br />
sesxis gamcemi<br />
organizaciebis erTian<br />
regulacias cdilobs~<br />
xedveloba gauwios komerciuli<br />
bankebis, sabanko jgufebis,<br />
arasabanko sadepozito dawesebulebebis,<br />
mikrosafinanso organizaciebis,<br />
fasiani qaRaldebis<br />
damoukidebeli registratorebis,<br />
sabrokero kompaniebis<br />
(garda sadazRvevo brokerebisa),<br />
safondo birJis, centraluri<br />
depozitaris, specializebuli<br />
depozitaris, aqtivebis<br />
mmarTveli kompaniebis, angariSvaldebuli<br />
sawarmoebis, valutis<br />
gadamcvleli punqtebis, sainvesticio<br />
fondebis, sagadaxdo<br />
sistemis operatorebis, sagadaxdo<br />
momsaxurebis provaiderebis,<br />
sakredito sainformacio<br />
biuros da sesxis gamcemi<br />
subieqtebis saqmianobas am kanonisa<br />
da sxva samarTlebrivi<br />
aqtebis safuZvelze. „saqarTvelos<br />
organuli kanonis” Tanaxmad<br />
„saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis<br />
Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos organul<br />
kanonSi cvlilebis Setanis<br />
Taobaze sesxis gamcemi subieqti<br />
gaxlavT nebismieri mewarme<br />
subieqti, romlis mimarT,<br />
erTdroulad, 20-ze met fizikur<br />
pirs aqvs sasesxo/sakredito<br />
valdebuleba.<br />
zemoxsenebul wesze, mis sa-<br />
Wiroebasa da saqarTvelos erovnuli<br />
bankis ufleba-movaleobebze<br />
„qronika+~-is SekiTxvebs<br />
pasuxobs sabanko produqt-<br />
ebis eqsperti _ daviT kikviZe:<br />
_ ras iTvaliswinebs es wesi<br />
da ratom gaxda misi miReba<br />
saWiro?<br />
_ upirveles yovlisa, erovnuli<br />
banki cdilobs, rom yvela<br />
finansuri instituti, romelic<br />
sesxebis gacemasTan aris<br />
dakavSirebuli, erTiani regulirebis<br />
qveS moaqcios da erovn-<br />
ulirebis qveS.<br />
rac Seexeba, zogadad, erovnuli<br />
bankis am pirobebs, mis mier<br />
SemuSavebuli es konkretuli<br />
dokumenti, garkveulwilad, Zalian<br />
kargia. im moTxovnebs, rac<br />
erovnulma bankma dauwesa finansur<br />
organizaciebs, ra Tqma<br />
unda, piradad mivesalmebi imitom,<br />
rom eseni gaxlavT minimaluri<br />
moTxovnebi, minimaluri<br />
standartebi, saoperacio saqmianobebis<br />
mowyobis wesebi _ rogor<br />
unda imuSaos aseTi tipis<br />
organizaciebma, ra tipis far-<br />
Ti unda iyos amisTvis gamoyofili,<br />
salaros organizebis<br />
struqtura rogori unda iyos<br />
da a. S. es yvelaferi Zalian<br />
kargia, sworia, radgan aucilebelia<br />
garkveuli tipis standartebis<br />
arseboba da darwmunebuli<br />
var, es standartebi<br />
saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis<br />
safuZvelzea SemuSavebuli. amrigad,<br />
es wesi siaxlea qarTuli<br />
bazrisa da finansuri seqtorisTvis.<br />
erTaderTi, razec<br />
vfiqrob, rom metad diferencirebuli<br />
unda iyos, es aris<br />
mosakrebeli. ar SeiZleba, yvela<br />
finansuri institutis mimarT<br />
erTi da igive midgoma iyos.<br />
es ar mgonia swori pozicia.<br />
vgulisxmob im 10 000 lars, romelic<br />
minimalur mosakreblad<br />
dawesdeba.<br />
amasTan, mcire tipis organizaciebs<br />
_ lombardebsa da msgavsi<br />
tipis sxva dawesebulebebs<br />
_ cxadia, gauWirdeba, erTjeradad,<br />
am raodenobis mosakreblis<br />
gadaxda. es imitom, rom<br />
aseTi tipis organizaciebi<br />
sakmaod dabal marjaze<br />
muSaobs da, momgebianobis<br />
TvalsazrisiT,<br />
arcTu ise maRali<br />
ra dokumentebis wardgena mo-<br />
uwevs erovnuli bankis mimarT?<br />
_ CamonaTvalSi bevri dokumentaciaa.<br />
pirvel yovlisa, es<br />
gaxlavT mogeba-zaralis uwyisebi,<br />
finansuri mdgomareoba,<br />
wesdeba, organizaciis struqturuli<br />
mowyoba, informacia<br />
damfuZneblis Sesaxeb da a. S.,<br />
anu yvela is ZiriTadi dokumentacia,<br />
romelic mniSvnelovania<br />
finansuri institutis formirebisTvis.<br />
garda amisa, rasac<br />
minda, yuradReba mivaqcio, gaxlavT<br />
is, rom komerciuli bankebis<br />
saqmianobis Sesaxeb kanonSi<br />
mkafiod aris gansazRvruli<br />
TviTon damfuZneblebisa da<br />
aqcionerebis Sesaxeb, mmarTveli<br />
rgolSi Semavali pirebis<br />
Sesaxeb piradi, detaluri informacia,<br />
rac Zalian mniSvnelovania<br />
gamomdinare iqidan, rom<br />
erovnuli banki gamoscems. garda<br />
amisa, aseTi tipis organizaciebs<br />
valdebuleba aqvs, rom<br />
yovelkvartalurad, yovelTviurad,<br />
yovelwliurad Sesabamisi<br />
angariSgebebi agzavnos erovnul<br />
bankSi da SesabamisobaSi<br />
iyos im yvela pirobasTan, rac<br />
saqarTvelos erovnul banks<br />
aqvs Camoyalibebuli Sesabamisi<br />
finansuri organizaciebisa da<br />
subieqtebis mimarT.<br />
_ momxmareblisTvis ra mniS-<br />
vnelobis iqneba Sesabamisi<br />
wesi?<br />
_ pirvel yovlisa, cxadia,<br />
momxmarebelze unda aisaxos<br />
yvela tipis finansuri regulacia,<br />
rasac erovnuli banki iRebs.<br />
momxmarebeli Zalian emociuria<br />
xolme am mimarTulebiT.<br />
is faqti, rom saqarTvelos erovnuli<br />
banki yvela finansur<br />
instituts awesrigebs, imas ni-<br />
Snavs, rom am institutebs ar<br />
eqneba TviTnebobis ufleba, daareguliros<br />
sakuTari saqmianoba<br />
ise, rom gverdi auaros raime<br />
saxis kanonmdeblobas. Zalian<br />
martivi da bevri magali-<br />
Ti arsebobs imisa, rom lombardebi<br />
an valutis gadamcvleli<br />
punqtebi, xSirad, sakomisios<br />
iRebs ise, rom amis Sesaxeb winaswar<br />
ar awvdis momxmareblebs<br />
informacias. am mimarTulebiT<br />
bevri problemac yofila.<br />
yvela finansuri instituti<br />
iqneba valdebuli, rom momxmareblebs<br />
winaswar Seatyobinos<br />
yvela tipis informacia<br />
sakuTari servisebis,<br />
Tandayolili<br />
gadasaxadebisa<br />
da<br />
xarje-<br />
am valdebulebis garSemo moqmedebs.<br />
rom vTqvaT, rom seb-s<br />
raime valdebuleba aqvs romelime<br />
konkretuli finansuri<br />
subieqtis an finansuri organizaciis<br />
mimarT, aseTi midgoma<br />
ar arsebobs. Tumca meore mxare<br />
aris is, rom igi valdebulia,<br />
yvela finansur organos mxari<br />
dauWiros, maTi problemebi gaiziaros,<br />
maTi gadaWris gzebze<br />
imuSaos da a. S., rom yvela organizacias<br />
miudges erTiani, obieqturi<br />
pirobebiT, raTa vinmem<br />
ar igrZnos Tavi mikerZoebulad.<br />
saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis<br />
SefasebiT, sesxis gamcemi subieqtebis<br />
regulirebis mizania<br />
finansuri stabilurobisa da<br />
momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis<br />
uzrunvelyofa. maregulirebelma<br />
aqtma xeli unda Seuwyos<br />
momxmareblisTvis SeTavazebuli<br />
momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomobasa<br />
da usafrTxoebas.<br />
zemoxsenebuli dokumentis<br />
Tanaxmad, aravis aqvs ufleba,<br />
erovnuli bankis mier gacemuli<br />
sabanko saqmianobis licenziis<br />
gareSe miiRos depozitebi da<br />
maTi gamoyenebiT gasces kreditebi.<br />
garda amisa, erovnulma<br />
bankma safinanso seqtoris warmomadgenel<br />
subieqtebsa da organizaciebs<br />
unda daudginos<br />
momsaxurebis gawevisas momxmareblisTvis<br />
aucilebeli informaciis<br />
miwodebis wesi. aseve<br />
erovnuli bankis uflebamosilebaa,<br />
rom komerciul bankebs miawodos<br />
yvela im pirTa sia, romelTa<br />
saqmianoba Seicavs an Sei-<br />
Zleba Seicavdes ukanono Semosavlis<br />
legalizaciis an terorizmis<br />
dafinansebis riskebs.<br />
28<br />
28 N31 (252) 9.10-15.10.2018 w.
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