literaturuli gazeTi

28 maisi - 10 ivnisi 2010literaturuli gazeTinarkvevi11olav duuni (1876-1939)persival elgudi (1863-1941)paul ernsti (1866-1933) pol valeri (1871-1945) anton vildgansi (1881-1932)iohanes ienseni (1873-1950) iohanes iorgenseni (1866-1956) rudolf kasneri (1873-1959) dmitri mereJkovski (1870-1953) franCesko orestano (1873-1945)nobelis premiis pirveli qarTveli nominantida sanam grigol robaqiZe hitlersada musolinize Tavis imskandalurad cnobil wignebs dawerda.es periodi robaqiZis popularobispikia germaniaSi, rac kargadaris gamoxatuli germanulJurnalSi `exo der cait~, sadac1933 wels ibeWdeba lev nasimbaumiswerili saTauriT `grigolrobaqiZe – erTi namdvili poeti~:`wesi araa, geniosad gamocxadebuliiqnas mwerali, romlisSemoqmedeba mxolod ori nawarmoebiTaris cnobili germanelimkiTxvelisaTvis. grigol robaqiZisSemTxvevaSi es gamonaklisidasaSvebia... robaqiZis saxelidRes simbolod aris gadaqceuli:igi aris simbolo gamoRviZebuliaRmosavluri mwerlobisa, romelicukve Semdgaria gzaze, romelmacmas msoflio literaturaSikvlav unda moupovos Sesaferisiadgili... mwerlis misiaxom swored es aris, Tavisi SemoqmedebiTSeZlos gaxdes didimsoflio kulturis nawili, romaRdges pirvelqmnili harmoniasamyaros mTlianobisa... amas er-Teulebi axerxeben da es SeZlorobaqiZem, radgan, robaqiZe ostatiaSemoqmedebis uRrmesi saidumloebisa:igi aris mogvi sityvisa~.grigol robaqiZe nobelispremiaze warudgenia berlinisuniversitetis profesors, evropaSicnobil orientalistsa dapoliglots, qarTvelologsa daslavists, germanelTaTvis qar-Tuli enis saxelmZRvanelosa dapirveli qarTul-germanulileqsikonis avtors, robaqiZisgermanul enaze mTargmnels rixardmekelains.robaqiZe da mekelaini zustadTanatolebi iyvnen – oriveni1880 wlis Semodgomaze dabadebulan.isini jer kidev aTianiwlebidan damegobrdnen, rocarobaqiZe germaniaSi swavlobda.mekelainma `gvelis perangi~ manamdeTargmna, sanam robaqiZe sabWoTakavSirs datovebda da germaniasSeafarebda Tavs.pirveli msoflio omis periodSirixard mekelaini giorgi kereseliZesTanda mixako wereTelTanerTad `qarTulgazeTs~ uSvebda qarTveli tyveebisaTvis.1922 wels mas rusTavelissazogadoeba dauarsebia berlinSi.sxvaTa Soris, SeumowmebeliinformaciiT, mekelaini konstantinegamsaxurdias naTlimamayofila – qarTvel mweralsTavis droze, albaT germaniaSiswavlis periodSi, misi Svili mounaTlavs.robaqiZesTan erTad ki im weliwadsnobelis premiaze ivanbuninic yofila wardgenili.robaqiZisa da buninis garda,1932 wels nobelis premiazekidev 26 mwerali warudgeniaT.ai, maTi nusxa, qarTuli anbanisrigze gawyobili: norvegieli iohanboieri, germaneli georgbone, norvegieli olaf buli,rusi ivan bunini, argentinelimanuel galvesi, ingliseli jongolsuorsi, fineli bertel gripenbergi,germaneli hans driSi,norvegieli olaf duuni, ingliselipersival jorj ilgudi,germaneli paul ernsti, frangipol valeri, avstrieli antonvildgansi, danielebi iohanesienseni da iohanes iorgenseni,avstrieli rudolf kasneri,rusi dmitri mereJkovski, italielifranCesko orestano, ber-Zeni kostis palamasi, espaneliramon menendes pidali, qarTveligrigol robaqiZe, amerikeliedvin robinsoni, espaneli konCaespina de la serna, fineli franssilanpiaia, amerikeli epton sinkleri,ingliseli herbert uelsi,rusi ivan Smeliovi da Cexi karelCapeki.robaqiZis qarTveloba da buninisrusoba nobelis komitetismasalebSi miTiTebuli ar yofila.maT dokumentebSi erTic sabWoTakavSirs warmoadgens dameorec, iseve rogorc kidev orirusi: mereJkovski da Smeliovi.ise, erTgvari kuriozia: oTxivemwerali, romelic nobelispremiis nominantTa siaSi sabWo-Ta kavSiris warmomadgenlad figurirebs,emigrantia da im periodissabWoTa kavSirSi maT saxelebstabu adevs. arcerTi maTganikandidatura ar iyo arTuwarmodgenili, Tundac mxardaWerilisabWoTa kavSiris mier.rogor ar gagaxsendeba aq sityvebiliteraturis dargSi nobeliskomitetis Tavmjdomarisanders esterlingis 1947 wlismoxsenebidan SvedeTis akademiissaerTo sxdomaze boris pasternakiskandidaturis Sesaxeb:...`da ra Tqma unda, sasurveliiqneboda, rom nominacia mwerlisqveynidan modiodes~...rogori moulodnelic arunda iyos, 1932 wlis nominantTa28-kacian nusxaSi yvelaze metiswored sabWoTa kavSiris warmomadgenelia– 4; Semdeg modian:norvegia, germania da inglisi –3-3; fineTi, avstria, dania, espaneTida aSS – 2-2; argentina, safrangeTi,italia, saberZneTi daCexeTi – TiTo warmomadgeneli.14 qveynis 28 warmomadgenlidan27 damarcxda, Tumca nobeliskomiteti am termins – `damarcxeba~– ar cnobs, radgan nobelispremiebis miniWeba ar arisSejibrebis an konkursis Sedegi.ase rom, ufro zusti iqneba, Tuvityvi, rom 28 nominantidan 27upremiod darCa.ganxilviT ki xuTkacian komitetsyvela kandidatura ganuxilavs,maT Soris – robaqiZisac.im wlebSi literaturis dargSinobelis komitetis wamyvani figurebiiyvnen Svedi mwerlebi perhalstriomi da anders esterlingi.komitets halstriomiTavmjdomareobda. igi nobelispremiebis daarsebis pirveli dRidaniyo am komitetis wevri, Tavjdomaredki 1922 wels airCies.1901-1950 wlebSi am komitetismier dawerili 800-mde daskvnidan300-ze meti swored halstriomsekuTvnis. meoTxedi saukunisSemdeg halstrioms Tavmjdomarispostze esterlingi Secvlisda isic Tavis mxriv kidevmeoTxedi saukunis ganmavlobaSiiqneba komitetis Tavkaci.dRes ganarqivebul-gansaidumloebulimasalebis monacem-Ta bazaSi ar Cans, 1932 wels viszevin dawera daskvna, an ra iyo naTqvamiim daskvnebSi, magram faqtia,rom 28-dan 27 nominanti upremioddarCa.xolo nobelis premia jongolsuorsis ergo `forsaitebissagisaTvis~. ufro zustad –`Txrobis miseuli gamorCeulixelovnebisaTvis, ramac umaRlesformebs miaRwia forsaitebissagaSi~.upremiod darCenilTagan samimogvianebiT miiRebs nobelispremias: bunini 1933-Si, silanpiaia1939-Si da ienseni 1944-Si.ukve nobelis premiis laureatisuflebiT, 1938-1950 wlebSibunini eqvsjer daasaxelebsTavis kandidats da es kandidatiaseve emigranti, nicaSi buninismezobeli mark aldanovi iqneba.golsuorsis, silanpiaiasa daiensens am uflebiT ar usargebliaT.rogorc nobelis komitetisoficialuri saitidan vgebulobT,Zalze axlos yofila laureatobasTanpol valeri: igiTurme swored im weliwads gardacvlila,roca komiteti misikandidaturisken ixreboda. polvaleri erTgvari rekordsmeniapremiaze wardgenis TvalsazrisiT– 1930-1945 wlebSi igi12-jer moxvda nominantTa Sorisda am maCvenebliT mxolod espanelanxel guimera i xorxesCamorCeba, romelic 1907-1923wlebSi 17-jer uSedegod iyowardgenili nobelze.1932 wels upremiod darCenilTaganpol valeris garda sxvawlebSi xSirad iyvnen nominant-Ta Soris ienseni, salanpiaia,mereJkovski, gripenbergi, duuni,palamasi da pidali.amaTgan yvelaze `Zveli~nominanti – rusuli simbolizmisfuZemdebeli dmitri mereJkovski1914 wlidan `cdilobda~premiis mopovebas, xolo espaneTissamefo akademiis prezidenti,filologi da istorikosiramon menendes pidali yvelazemetxans – 1950 wlamde SemorCebanominantTa sias.saerTod, 1932 wlis nominantebi,robaqiZis, elgudisa daorestanos garda, romlebic mxolodTiTojer iyvnen wardgenilipremiaze, 2-jer, 3-jer, 4-jer,5-jer, 6-jer, 7-jer, 8-jer, 10-jer, 12-jer, 13-jer, 14-jer da 18-jerac ki gvxvdebian nominantTasiebSi. sami maT Soris gansakuTrebiTgamorCeulia: germanelifilosofosi da biologi,klonirebis pioneri hans driSi1932 wels literaturis dargSiiyo wardgenili premiaze, 1928 da1930 wlebSi ki – igi rogorc literaturis,ise mSvidobis dargSiwaradgines nobelze. danielmapoetma iohanes iensenma 1925 wlidanmoyolebuli mxolod oriweliwadi gamotova, rom nominantTaSoris ar yofiliyo, sanam1944-Si laureati ar gaxda. xolorusi dmitri mereJkovski 1914wlidan 1937 wlamde – mTelimeoTxedi saukunis ganmavloba-Si uSedegod figurirebda nominantTasiebSi.ienseni 18-jer iyo nominant-Ta nusxaSi, palamasi – 14-jer,duuni – 13-jer, pol valeri (zemoTukve iTqva) – 12-jer, gripenbergi,mereJkovski da silanpiaia– 10-10-jer.saerTod, pirvelsave cdazenobelis premiis miReba iSviaTadxdeba. premiis sadReisod cnobiliistoriis manZilze aseTi rammxolod aTjer moxda da aqedanxuTi SemTxveva pirvel 13 weliwadzemodis.pol valeri, ienseni, silanpiaia,bone, galvesi, gripenbergi,duuni, palamasi, sinkleri dakarel Capeki 1933 welsac iqnebiannominantTa Soris, roca premiasbunini miiRebs Tavis mexuTecdaze, robaqiZe ki im weliwadsnominanti aRar iqneba.ase rom, bunins robaqiZis-Tvis ar ujobnia sanobelo mara-TonSi. isini oriveni golsuorsisTan`damarcxdnen~. rogor dara angariSiT amis Sesaxeb nobeliskomiteti, informaciis ra-Rac nawilis gansaidumloebis miuxedavad,dRemde dums da arcarasodes ityvis rames – komitetissxdomaTa oqmebi da sxva Canawerebi,wesdebiT Tu erTxel dasamudamod damkvidrebuli tradiciiT,gadawyvetilebis miRebisTanavenadgurdeba, xolo komitetiswevrebs akrZaluli aqvTraime komentaris gakeTeba ganxilvisperipetiebis Sesaxeb.verc imas gavigebT odesme, SediodaTu ara an robaqiZe an buninikandidatTa finalur xu-TeulSi, an Tu iyo romelime maTganisgvari winaswar SerCeul 15-20-kacian Sort-listSi.saerTod, ucnobia, arsebobdaTu ara Sort-listi 1932 wels daTu arsebobda, vin Sedioda masSipersonalurad, is ki faqtia, romqarTveli mwerlis upremioddarCenaSi arc hitleri eria, arcmusolini da arc Tavad robaqiZispolitikuri, ideologiuri TuesTetikuri simpaTia-antipaTiebi.sanobelo maraTonSi monawileobaTavisTavad ukve gamarjvebaa.nobelis premia ar Rirsebiabevr did, Zalian-Zalian didmweralsa Tu poets, magaliTadiseTebs, rogorebic arian, vTqdasasrulime-12 gverdze