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Jardim Botânico de Coimbra: contraponto entre a Arte e a ... - artez

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as obras Historia das Plantas e Causas das<br />

Plantas, as quais lhe valem o epíteto <strong>de</strong> criador<br />

da botânica). Ao centro <strong>de</strong>ste imponente<br />

corpo <strong>de</strong>staca-se um frontão triangular<br />

coroado pelo escudo real português,<br />

la<strong>de</strong>ado, por sua vez, por duas figuras alegóricas<br />

<strong>de</strong> cada lado.<br />

Na extremida<strong>de</strong> direita do edifício situase<br />

a porta <strong>de</strong> ingresso para as estufas do<br />

lado dos Bentos, sobrepujada pelas esculturas<br />

<strong>de</strong> Avicena e Petiver (botânico inglês);<br />

no extremo oposto, uma estátua <strong>de</strong> Teofrasto<br />

e outra <strong>de</strong> Micheli (botânico florentino)<br />

rematam uma janela que “cahe p.ª a<br />

parte do Mon<strong>de</strong>go”. A frontaria da porta <strong>de</strong><br />

ingresso para a “caza das liçoens”, do lado<br />

dos Bentos, é a<strong>de</strong>quadamente coroada por<br />

quatro estátuas <strong>de</strong> botânicos que foram<br />

professores em universida<strong>de</strong>s europeias em<br />

finais do século XVII e inícios do XVIII: Ponte<strong>de</strong>ra<br />

(botânico italiano, professor da Universida<strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong> Pádua e director do <strong>Jardim</strong><br />

<strong>Botânico</strong> <strong>de</strong>sta cida<strong>de</strong>), Morison (médico<br />

e botânico inglês, professor na Universida<strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong> Oxford), Dillen (botânico alemão,<br />

docente em Oxford) e Lineu (célebre naturalista<br />

sueco, professor na Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

Upsala). Concomitantemente, o projecto<br />

prevê a construção <strong>de</strong> uma estufa <strong>de</strong> menor<br />

dimensão e mo<strong>de</strong>sto acabamento que serviria<br />

para as “sementeiras <strong>de</strong> America e<br />

Africa q <strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>m <strong>de</strong> muito calor”.<br />

Comparativamente ao plano das estufas<br />

que acompanharia a Relação geral do estado<br />

da Universida<strong>de</strong>, este <strong>de</strong>senho <strong>de</strong>nota<br />

um maior <strong>de</strong>senvolvimento pois, além da<br />

<strong>de</strong>scrição das construções já mencionadas,<br />

igualmente presentes no projecto enviado<br />

em 1777, contempla mais três edificações:<br />

o portal <strong>de</strong> entrada para o <strong>Jardim</strong> da parte<br />

dos Bentos, <strong>de</strong>corado com a representação<br />

<strong>de</strong> Hércules, famoso herói grego, e Minerva,<br />

<strong>de</strong>usa romana da sabedoria, do qual se faria<br />

uma cópia para o ingresso da parte dos<br />

Carmelitas Descalços; o portal <strong>de</strong> ingresso<br />

ao <strong>Jardim</strong> pela rua da Alegria, adornado<br />

com uma estátua <strong>de</strong> Fortuna, <strong>de</strong>usa romana<br />

42<br />

Bentos si<strong>de</strong>, is appropriately crowned with<br />

statues of four botanists that were professors<br />

in European universities at the end of<br />

the 17th and beginning of the 18th centuries:<br />

Ponte<strong>de</strong>ra (Italian botanist, professor<br />

at the University of Padua and curator of<br />

that city’s botanical gar<strong>de</strong>n), Morrison (English<br />

physician and botanist, and professor at<br />

the University of Oxford), Dillen (German<br />

botanist and lecturer at Oxford) and Linnaeus<br />

(famous Swedish naturalist, professor<br />

at the University of Uppsala). The project<br />

also envisaged the construction of a smaller<br />

greenhouse with more mo<strong>de</strong>st finishings<br />

that would serve as “seedbeds for plants<br />

from America and Africa that require a lot<br />

of heat”.<br />

Compared to the plan of the greenhouses<br />

that accompanied the “General Report on<br />

the State of the University”, this one is more<br />

<strong>de</strong>veloped, since, in addition to the <strong>de</strong>scription<br />

of the constructions already mentioned,<br />

also present in the project sent in<br />

1777, it inclu<strong>de</strong>s three more buildings: the<br />

gateway into the Gar<strong>de</strong>n from the Bentos<br />

College, <strong>de</strong>corated with a representation<br />

of Hercules, the famous Greek hero, and<br />

Minerva, the Roman god<strong>de</strong>ss of knowledge,<br />

a copy of which was later ma<strong>de</strong> for<br />

the entrance from the Barefoot Carmelites;<br />

the gateway into the Gar<strong>de</strong>n from Alegria<br />

Street, adorned with a statue of Fortuna,<br />

the Roman god<strong>de</strong>ss of luck, and another of<br />

Ceres, Roman earth mother god<strong>de</strong>ss; and<br />

the ground plan and cross section of the<br />

staircase that allowed access to the Gar<strong>de</strong>n<br />

from the public footpath, and the gateway<br />

protecting it, <strong>de</strong>corated with two sculptures,<br />

including Asklepius, the Roman god<br />

of medicine.<br />

A comparison of the two sketches reveals<br />

that the undated drawing from the Botany<br />

Department library was probably executed<br />

before the one in the album “Sketches for<br />

Works on the University of <strong>Coimbra</strong>” that<br />

was sent to the queen. In fact, it could have<br />

accompanied the first Botanical Gar<strong>de</strong>n

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