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Jardim Botânico de Coimbra: contraponto entre a Arte e a ... - artez

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hoje conhecido por «quadrado central», o<br />

tanque situado no meio <strong>de</strong>ste e o encanamento<br />

<strong>de</strong> gran<strong>de</strong> parte das águas. É igualmente<br />

<strong>de</strong>sta época a or<strong>de</strong>m <strong>de</strong> construção<br />

<strong>de</strong> uma estufa <strong>de</strong> maiores dimensões, visto<br />

que a existente “não satisfazia o fim a que<br />

era <strong>de</strong>stinada” 12 .<br />

O projecto para as estufas no <strong>Jardim</strong> <strong>Botânico</strong>,<br />

assinado por Manuel Alves Macomboa<br />

e datado <strong>de</strong> Abril <strong>de</strong> 1791, articula uma<br />

resposta a esta necessida<strong>de</strong>. Chamado pelo<br />

marquês, em 1773, para as obras da Universida<strong>de</strong>,<br />

este mestre carpinteiro acumula,<br />

<strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> 1777, os serviços <strong>de</strong> mestre pedreiro<br />

e, <strong>de</strong>pois do falecimento <strong>de</strong> Guilherme<br />

Els<strong>de</strong>n, assume, a partir <strong>de</strong> 1782, a função<br />

<strong>de</strong> arquitecto. O <strong>de</strong>senho que faz da planta<br />

e alçado da fachada principal das estufas,<br />

para o qual apresenta duas propostas divergentes<br />

apenas na altura, filia-se num sóbrio<br />

classicismo. Três vãos laterais emolduram<br />

um arco central encimado por frontão<br />

triangular em correspondência com a porta<br />

<strong>de</strong> entrada, igualmente dotada <strong>de</strong> frontão<br />

triangular, interrompido por um medalhão<br />

com “Busto [que] po<strong>de</strong> ser <strong>de</strong> Lineu =<br />

querendo=” 13 .<br />

Desconhece-se se este traçado veio a<br />

ser executado. No entanto, a julgar pelo<br />

Mapa do terreno que ocupa o <strong>Jardim</strong><br />

<strong>Botânico</strong> da Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Coimbra</strong><br />

[6], elaborado em 1795 por Macomboa,<br />

parece-nos que tal proposta veio a ter,<br />

<strong>de</strong> forma parcial, seguimento. De facto, a<br />

planta das estufas <strong>de</strong>lineada no dito mapa<br />

assemelha-se à proposta por si avançada<br />

em 1791, indicando-se a parte já acabada<br />

e a somente projectada. Este mapa dá-nos<br />

ainda conta do andamento dos trabalhos,<br />

representando já os lanços <strong>de</strong> escadas e<br />

parapeitos do gran<strong>de</strong> quadrado inferior que<br />

haviam sido terminados em 1794. Neste ano<br />

foram também concluídos os portões <strong>de</strong><br />

acesso ao quadrado central, encontrandose<br />

no do lado Este uma inscrição laudatória<br />

a D. Maria com a data <strong>de</strong> 1791.<br />

Em 1799 o bispo-con<strong>de</strong> D. Francisco <strong>de</strong><br />

44<br />

for which he presented two proposals that<br />

differed only as to height, are in a sober classical<br />

style. Three si<strong>de</strong> bays frame a central<br />

arch topped by a triangular pediment, leading<br />

to a doorway, also with triangular pediment,<br />

<strong>de</strong>corated with a medallion bearing a<br />

“bust [that] could be Linnaeus” 13 .<br />

We do not know if this <strong>de</strong>sign was ever executed.<br />

However, judging by the “Map of the<br />

terrain occupied by the Botanical Gar<strong>de</strong>n<br />

of University of <strong>Coimbra</strong>” [6] drawn in 1795<br />

by Macomboa, it would seem that it was at<br />

least partially followed. In fact, the outline<br />

of the greenhouses in that map resembles<br />

his own proposal put forward in 1791, indicating<br />

the part that was already completed<br />

and that which was merely planned. This<br />

groundplan also informs us of the progress<br />

of the works and already shows the flights of<br />

stairs and parapets of the large lower quadrangle<br />

that had been finished in 1794. In<br />

that year, the doorways giving access to the<br />

central quadrangle were also finished, with<br />

an inscription in praise of D. Maria, dated<br />

1791, on the eastern si<strong>de</strong>.<br />

In 1799, the bishop-count D. Francisco <strong>de</strong><br />

Lemos returned to direct the University,<br />

remaining in the post until 1821. From the<br />

moment he resumed functions, he committed<br />

himself to furthering the works on the<br />

Botanical Gar<strong>de</strong>n, an effort which unfortunately<br />

was less fruitful than in his first<br />

period in office, given the context, marked<br />

by the French invasions and political convulsions<br />

on the national scale.<br />

In 1801, he or<strong>de</strong>red the construction of the<br />

stairs on the second level. The unsigned and<br />

undated <strong>de</strong>sign in Chinese ink and watercolour<br />

on paper that is found in the General<br />

Library of the University of <strong>Coimbra</strong> was<br />

probably the project for the stairs linking<br />

the second and third levels of the Gar<strong>de</strong>n,<br />

drawn up at the end of the 18th century<br />

and put into practice at the beginning of<br />

the 19th. In fact, this plan was clearly followed<br />

since, on both the north and south<br />

si<strong>de</strong>s of the Gar<strong>de</strong>n, the staircases leading to

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