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Jardim Botânico de Coimbra: contraponto entre a Arte e a ... - artez

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o seu estatuto científico. Simbolicamente, o<br />

primeiro passo dado pelo lente foi a transferência<br />

da aula <strong>de</strong> botânica, então leccionada<br />

no Museu <strong>de</strong> História Natural, para o<br />

edifício <strong>de</strong> S. Bento, anunciando a <strong>de</strong>fesa <strong>de</strong><br />

um ensino prático, pelo qual pugnaria toda<br />

a sua vida. Dentro dos parcos rendimentos<br />

<strong>de</strong> que dispunha, conseguiu mobilar a sala<br />

<strong>de</strong> aula, adquirir material para usar nas suas<br />

lições e para apetrechar o laboratório botânico<br />

que criou. Substituiu as dissertações<br />

académicas por trabalhos <strong>de</strong> microscopia,<br />

<strong>de</strong> morfologia comparada e por herborizações,<br />

incentivando os alunos a compilar<br />

pequenos herbários que contribuíam para a<br />

própria colecção do <strong>Jardim</strong>.<br />

Por outro lado, ciente <strong>de</strong> que “o ensino proveitoso<br />

da botanica exige, além d’um jardim<br />

on<strong>de</strong> se possam encontrar os elementos<br />

fundamentaes do seu estudo, collecções<br />

<strong>de</strong> outra or<strong>de</strong>m, <strong>entre</strong> as quaes occupa<br />

<strong>de</strong> certo logar importante a que for constituida<br />

<strong>de</strong> diversos productos fornecidos<br />

pelos vegetaes” 17 , empenhou-se em organizar<br />

o museu, aproveitando, numa primeira<br />

fase, os exemplares existentes no Museu <strong>de</strong><br />

História Natural. Uma visita, em 1878, ao<br />

acervo do <strong>Jardim</strong> Real <strong>de</strong> Kew, serviu-lhe<br />

<strong>de</strong> mo<strong>de</strong>lo, o qual procurou <strong>de</strong>pois adaptar<br />

à realida<strong>de</strong> portuguesa e, sobretudo, aos<br />

escassos meios <strong>de</strong> que dispunha.<br />

Estabelecido no antigo refeitório beneditino,<br />

o museu expandiu-se até ao fim da centúria<br />

por outras duas salas, sinal do aumento da<br />

colecção que <strong>de</strong>tinha. Os armários foram<br />

feitos <strong>de</strong> ma<strong>de</strong>iras provenientes <strong>de</strong> várias<br />

colónias portuguesas, <strong>de</strong>signadamente <strong>de</strong> S.<br />

Tomé, Angola, Moçambique e Índia, constituindo<br />

“por si já parte do mesmo museu” 18 .<br />

Na esteira <strong>de</strong> uma museologia hoje <strong>de</strong>nominada<br />

«tradicional», pretendia-se reunir<br />

no mesmo espaço, <strong>de</strong> acordo com o âmbito<br />

do museu, “a maior copia <strong>de</strong> objectos”, não<br />

obstante a preocupação em “dispor e or<strong>de</strong>nar<br />

esses objectos <strong>de</strong> modo que o todo<br />

cause boa impressão ao visitante, porque<br />

então o exame das partes será feito com<br />

52<br />

ent Portuguese colonies, such as S. Tomé,<br />

Angola, Mozambique and India, and as such<br />

“were themselves part of the museum” 18 .<br />

Following a museological policy which today<br />

would be called “traditional”, the aim was<br />

to collect together in the same space “the<br />

largest copy of objects”, <strong>de</strong>spite the concern<br />

with “organizing and or<strong>de</strong>ring those objects<br />

in such a way as to make a good impression<br />

on the visitor, so that more attention will be<br />

given to examining the parts” 19 .<br />

In 1880, Júlio Henriques foun<strong>de</strong>d the Broterian<br />

Society to further the acquisition and<br />

exchange of plants with different places<br />

in the country, and its first bulletin was<br />

published in 1883. The library, which was<br />

located in the room before the herbarium,<br />

was enriched by an exchange scheme<br />

established with numerous foreign journals<br />

and publications. The herbarium too,<br />

laid out in the former sacristy of the College<br />

of S. Bento and co-directed by Joaquim<br />

<strong>de</strong> Mariz, an assistant naturalist, was given<br />

an important impulse, immediately evi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

in the increase in the number of requests<br />

from other gar<strong>de</strong>ns, teaching institutions<br />

and private establishments, and in the need<br />

expressed by the curator in 1887 to construct<br />

a gallery above the main group of cabinets<br />

in or<strong>de</strong>r to accommodate the growing<br />

number of species; these had been donated,<br />

obtained by exchange or through herborizations<br />

un<strong>de</strong>rtaken in Portugal and its colonies,<br />

or were purchased, as happened with<br />

the famous herbarium collected by Heinrich<br />

Moritz Willkomm.<br />

In the Botanical Gar<strong>de</strong>n itself, there were<br />

reforms on the scientific, aesthetic and<br />

material levels, within the constraints of<br />

the limited budget. At a time when “scientific<br />

colonization” was wi<strong>de</strong>ly supported,<br />

Júlio Henriques, assisted by his head gar<strong>de</strong>ner,<br />

Adolfo Fre<strong>de</strong>rico Moller, encouraged<br />

attempts at different cultures and<br />

sent seeds and plants (particularly cinchonas,<br />

which were consi<strong>de</strong>red to be “sources<br />

of wealth” and “medically precious for many

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