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Jardim Botânico de Coimbra: contraponto entre a Arte e a ... - artez

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as instalações no antigo Colégio <strong>de</strong> S. Bento<br />

careciam. A capacida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> negociação <strong>de</strong><br />

Abílio Fernan<strong>de</strong>s com os técnicos responsáveis<br />

e, sobretudo, a confiança que parece<br />

ter estabelecido com Manuel <strong>de</strong> Sá e Mello,<br />

engenheiro director-<strong>de</strong>legado da Comissão,<br />

facilitaram o acolhimento dos seus pedidos<br />

e sugestões.<br />

“Obras <strong>de</strong> arranjo e aformoseamento”,<br />

como as <strong>de</strong>finiu a CAPOCUC, centraramse,<br />

essencialmente, no que diz respeito ao<br />

<strong>Jardim</strong>, <strong>entre</strong> 1944 e 1950 22 . Principiaram<br />

com a instalação <strong>de</strong> aquecimento central<br />

nas estufas <strong>de</strong> plantas tropicais, a arborização<br />

da mata e a abertura <strong>de</strong> arruamentos.<br />

Ainda no ano <strong>de</strong> 1944, Cottinelli Telmo,<br />

arquitecto-chefe da Comissão <strong>entre</strong> 1941 e<br />

1948, se <strong>de</strong>teve a <strong>de</strong>senhar bancos <strong>de</strong> pedra<br />

para o <strong>Jardim</strong> e a planear o seu posicionamento.<br />

Foram dispostos seis duplos sem<br />

costas ao redor da estátua <strong>de</strong> Brotero e<br />

vinte e oito simples pelo restante <strong>Jardim</strong>. A<br />

este número se juntou uma encomenda <strong>de</strong><br />

cinquenta bancos com réguas <strong>de</strong> ma<strong>de</strong>ira<br />

e, em 1951, o fornecimento <strong>de</strong> mais doze<br />

bancos <strong>de</strong> pedra iguais aos existentes.<br />

O ano <strong>de</strong> 1945 surge dominado pelo arranque<br />

<strong>de</strong> duas obras fundamentais: a remo<strong>de</strong>lação<br />

do quadrado central e a construção<br />

da estufa fria. A primeira, i<strong>de</strong>alizada por<br />

Cottinelli Telmo e por Armand Van Bellinghen,<br />

jardineiro da Câmara Municipal <strong>de</strong><br />

Lisboa contratado em 1944, justificavase,<br />

no enten<strong>de</strong>r dos autores, “porque é um<br />

jardim com um belo traçado geométrico,<br />

sim, mas que se apresenta chato, sem relevo<br />

(…) e porque sendo na sua maior parte<br />

guarnecido por flores <strong>de</strong> estação não po<strong>de</strong><br />

manter permanentemente aquele aspecto<br />

<strong>de</strong>corativo que seria <strong>de</strong>sejar, acarretando a<br />

sua conservação, ao mesmo tempo, dificulda<strong>de</strong>s<br />

e <strong>de</strong>spesas”.<br />

A solução proposta [11] consistia em, primeiramente,<br />

“ro<strong>de</strong>ar todos os canteiros<br />

com sebes <strong>de</strong> buxo, <strong>de</strong> altura <strong>de</strong>crescente<br />

a partir do centro”, que, sendo <strong>de</strong> fácil conservação,<br />

dariam “ao jardim uma dignida<strong>de</strong><br />

58<br />

this layout, “an observer standing near the<br />

lake would, without losing his overview of<br />

the whole, find himself in a more intimate<br />

first zone, limited by higher hedges and<br />

boxwood pyramids instead of a flat open<br />

space, <strong>de</strong>corated with flowering shrubs and<br />

bushes in accordance with the flavour of<br />

the occasion and fantasy of gar<strong>de</strong>ners – and<br />

when standing at the edge, he would have<br />

a view of the amphitheatre of hedges that<br />

would soften the negative effects of the<br />

digging un<strong>de</strong>rtaken to replace the species”.<br />

Secondly, they would create “large areas of<br />

lawn and bright flowers”. Thirdly, they would<br />

place “a statue, with its respective pe<strong>de</strong>stal,<br />

in the lake in the c<strong>entre</strong>”. Finally, they would<br />

lower the height of the bor<strong>de</strong>r around the<br />

beds and create “a curtain of climbing roses”<br />

to “give interest to the periphery” 23 .<br />

The project, which was approved by the<br />

director of the Botanical Institute in the<br />

same year, was only completely implemented<br />

in April 1949 with the construction<br />

of the monumental fountain, in Outil stone,<br />

on the existing tank. The fountain [12] was,<br />

we believe, <strong>de</strong>signed by the architect Álvaro<br />

da Fonseca, since he had been commissioned<br />

for the task and the sketch seems to<br />

show his monogram (the letters A, V and F<br />

entwined) in the bottom right hand corner.<br />

The cold greenhouse was planned by Cottinelli<br />

Telmo in the shape of a trapezium,<br />

with a series of pillars and beams in reinforced<br />

concrete forming “the skeleton of<br />

a box, with the walls and roof covered in<br />

woo<strong>de</strong>n latticework through which the air<br />

could circulate and the sunlight filter in”. To<br />

implement it “in accordance with the Curator’s<br />

wishes”, they chose “an almost treeless<br />

area of thicket near the support wall<br />

of the Botanical Gar<strong>de</strong>n opposite the main<br />

entrance, in the wall that serves the back of<br />

the Greenhouse”. As regards the aesthetic<br />

appearance of the exterior, the architect<br />

favoured a “picturesque” approach in tune<br />

with the place, reflected particularly in the<br />

materials used. As well as the wood that

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