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Jardim Botânico de Coimbra: contraponto entre a Arte e a ... - artez

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contratados em Lisboa expressamente para<br />

este fim, em Julho <strong>de</strong> 1860 estava já assente<br />

gran<strong>de</strong> parte. No entanto, dificulda<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong><br />

or<strong>de</strong>m diversa, sobretudo relativas a falta<br />

<strong>de</strong> meios, atrasaram a finalização dos trabalhos.<br />

Só dois anos <strong>de</strong>pois se encomendou o<br />

resto da estufa, sem alteração dos riscos e<br />

planos adoptados, à Fábrica <strong>de</strong> Fundição <strong>de</strong><br />

Massarelos no Porto.<br />

Em 1865, a estufa, composta <strong>de</strong> três corpos<br />

<strong>de</strong> temperatura e condições distintas, estava<br />

concluída e começava a albergar as primeiras<br />

plantas exóticas. Proce<strong>de</strong>u-se seguidamente<br />

à construção <strong>de</strong> outras duas pequenas<br />

estufas, “<strong>de</strong>stinadas á multiplicação e<br />

a algumas culturas mais especiaes” 16 . Para<br />

dirigir os trabalhos <strong>de</strong> cultura das estufas foi<br />

contratado, em 1866, o jardineiro Edmond<br />

Goëze, que era natural <strong>de</strong> Holstein e havia<br />

trabalhado nos jardins <strong>de</strong> Kew e <strong>de</strong> Paris.<br />

Entre 1854 e 1867, período que correspon<strong>de</strong><br />

à direcção <strong>de</strong> Henrique do Couto<br />

d’Almeida, foram construídos os lanços <strong>de</strong><br />

escadas do lado Sul, gran<strong>de</strong> parte dos reservatórios<br />

<strong>de</strong> água para regas, as pilastras<br />

e gra<strong>de</strong>s da maioria dos planos do <strong>Jardim</strong>.<br />

Em 1868, ano em que Antonino José Rodrigues<br />

Vidal passa a chefiar os <strong>de</strong>stinos do<br />

estabelecimento, foi publicado o primeiro<br />

In<strong>de</strong>x Seminum, catálogo <strong>de</strong> sementes que<br />

tornou possível a permuta com instituições<br />

congéneres. Nesta época proce<strong>de</strong>u-se<br />

ainda à <strong>de</strong>finitiva incorporação da cerca do<br />

extinto Colégio dos beneditinos, pondo-se<br />

fim a um processo que se vinha arrastando<br />

<strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> 1836. A hoje <strong>de</strong>nominada “mata”,<br />

cujo acesso está vedado ao público, começou<br />

por esta altura a ser sistematicamente<br />

plantada, sob a direcção do jardineiro<br />

Gabriel Douverel, e a ser <strong>de</strong>sbravada pela<br />

abertura <strong>de</strong> várias ruas e atalhos <strong>de</strong>lineados<br />

por António Borges Me<strong>de</strong>iros.<br />

Em 1873 era confiada a Júlio Augusto Henriques<br />

a direcção do <strong>Jardim</strong> <strong>Botânico</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>Coimbra</strong>. Abria-se, a vários níveis, um novo<br />

capítulo da história <strong>de</strong>ste <strong>Jardim</strong> que, a<br />

partir <strong>de</strong> então, afirmaria sem prece<strong>de</strong>ntes<br />

a process that had dragged out since 1836.<br />

The area of woodland and thicket known<br />

today as the mata, which is not open to the<br />

public, began to be systematically planted<br />

at this time, un<strong>de</strong>r the direction of gar<strong>de</strong>ner<br />

Gabriel Douverel, and was opened up with<br />

a number of roads and paths <strong>de</strong>signed by<br />

António Borges Me<strong>de</strong>iros.<br />

In 1873, Júlio Augusto Henriques took over<br />

as curator of the Botanical Gar<strong>de</strong>n and a<br />

new chapter opened in its history. The scientific<br />

status of the gar<strong>de</strong>n was now confirmed<br />

in an unprece<strong>de</strong>nted way. Symbolically,<br />

the first step was to transfer the<br />

botany lessons, till then given in the Natural<br />

History Museum, to the S. Bento building;<br />

the professor also announced his support<br />

for a teaching methodology that was<br />

essentially practical in nature, something<br />

he in fact fought for his whole life. With the<br />

scanty resources available, he managed to<br />

furnish the classroom, acquire materials to<br />

use in his lessons and equip the botanical<br />

laboratory that he created. He replaced aca<strong>de</strong>mic<br />

dissertations with practical work in<br />

microscopy, comparative morphology and<br />

herborizations, encouraging the stu<strong>de</strong>nts to<br />

compile little herbariums that would contribute<br />

to the Gar<strong>de</strong>n’s own collection.<br />

Aware that “the effective teaching of botany<br />

requires not only a gar<strong>de</strong>n where the most<br />

important species can be studied, but also<br />

collections of another or<strong>de</strong>r, amongst which<br />

an important place is occupied by diverse<br />

vegetal products” 17 , he set to work organizing<br />

the museum, using at first the examples<br />

that already existed in the Museum of<br />

Natural History. His mo<strong>de</strong>l was the Royal<br />

Gar<strong>de</strong>ns at Kew, which he visited in 1878,<br />

adapting it the Portuguese context and, of<br />

course, limited resources available.<br />

The museum, which was established in the<br />

old Benedictine refectory, expan<strong>de</strong>d, until<br />

by the end of the century it had spilled over<br />

into two additional rooms, a sign of the<br />

increase in the size of the collection. The<br />

cabinets were ma<strong>de</strong> of wood from differ-<br />

51

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