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Jardim Botânico de Coimbra: contraponto entre a Arte e a ... - artez

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maior interesse e attenção” 19 .<br />

Em 1880, com vista à aquisição e troca <strong>de</strong><br />

plantas <strong>de</strong> diversos locais do país, Júlio Henriques<br />

fundou a Socieda<strong>de</strong> Broteriana, cujo<br />

primeiro boletim foi publicado em 1883.<br />

A permuta estabelecida com numerosas<br />

revistas e publicações estrangeiras permitiu<br />

enriquecer a biblioteca, situada na sala que<br />

precedia o herbário. Este, disposto na antiga<br />

sacristia do Colégio <strong>de</strong> S. Bento e co-dirigido<br />

por Joaquim <strong>de</strong> Mariz, naturalista adjunto,<br />

conheceu também um <strong>de</strong>cisivo impulso,<br />

<strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> logo patente no crescimento <strong>de</strong> solicitações<br />

por parte <strong>de</strong> outros jardins, instituições<br />

<strong>de</strong> ensino e particulares, bem como<br />

na necessida<strong>de</strong>, expressa pelo director,<br />

em 1887, <strong>de</strong> construir uma galeria sobre o<br />

corpo principal <strong>de</strong> armários para acomodar<br />

o número crescente <strong>de</strong> espécies oferecidas<br />

ou obtidas quer por troca, quer através das<br />

herborizações realizadas no país e nas colónias,<br />

quer ainda por compra, como suce<strong>de</strong>u<br />

com o famoso herbário coligido por Heinrich<br />

Moritz Willkomm.<br />

No <strong>Jardim</strong> <strong>Botânico</strong>, as reformas esten<strong>de</strong>ram-se,<br />

<strong>de</strong>ntro <strong>de</strong> um orçamento limitado,<br />

ao campo científico, estético e material.<br />

Numa altura em que ecoava a <strong>de</strong>fesa duma<br />

“colonização científica”, Júlio Henriques,<br />

auxiliado pelo jardineiro chefe, Adolfo Fre<strong>de</strong>rico<br />

Moller, promoveu o ensaio <strong>de</strong> várias<br />

culturas e o envio, para a África oci<strong>de</strong>ntal,<br />

<strong>de</strong> sementes e plantas, sobretudo cinchonas,<br />

consi<strong>de</strong>radas “fontes <strong>de</strong> riqueza” e<br />

“medicamento precioso para muitas enfermida<strong>de</strong>s”<br />

20 , nomeadamente para a malária.<br />

Crítico do seu tempo e, particularmente, do<br />

modo como era conduzida a colonização,<br />

não <strong>de</strong>ixou <strong>de</strong> sublinhar e <strong>de</strong> fazer chegar<br />

às instâncias superiores a crença <strong>de</strong> que<br />

“não necessitamos (…) <strong>de</strong> gran<strong>de</strong>s exércitos,<br />

porque a nossa nacionalida<strong>de</strong> está garantida<br />

pelas condições geraes do equilibrio<br />

europeo; mas temos necessida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> sciencia,<br />

que anime as nossas industrias, que<br />

vivifique as nossas colónias, que nos torne<br />

emfim respeitados.” 21<br />

infirmities” 20 , such as malaria) to western<br />

Africa. Critical of his times and particularly<br />

of the way colonization was conducted, he<br />

ma<strong>de</strong> sure his superiors knew his belief that<br />

“we don’t need (…) large armies, because<br />

our nationality is guaranteed by the general<br />

conditions of European equilibrium; we do,<br />

however, need science, which animates our<br />

industries, enlivens our colonies and ultimately<br />

wins us respect.” 21<br />

The central quadrangle, where the plants<br />

had long been arranged in the Linnaean<br />

or<strong>de</strong>r in concentric beds with the tank,<br />

was reconfigured to create a “geographical<br />

gar<strong>de</strong>n”, where the species were placed<br />

in such a way as to represent the different<br />

botanical regions of the earth. Thus, in 1891,<br />

the species that had occupied this space<br />

were replanted in other parts of the Gar<strong>de</strong>n,<br />

in accordance with the curator’s gui<strong>de</strong>lines.<br />

The trays immediately above this level were<br />

also modified, receiving ornamental plants<br />

that would therefore frame the roads and<br />

avenues. On the remaining terraces and on<br />

the terrain near the “Avenue of Lin<strong>de</strong>ns”,<br />

they were distributed according to natural<br />

families.<br />

As well as sporadic improvements to the<br />

plumbing and greenhouse heating system,<br />

and the repainting of the railings and large<br />

greenhouse, there were also some more<br />

significant changes. Two new greenhouses<br />

were built: one of them, whose iron roof<br />

was finished in 1887, replaced the two ol<strong>de</strong>r<br />

ones used for orchids and reproduction;<br />

the other, raised in the area of the College<br />

grounds, was <strong>de</strong>stined for the cultivation of<br />

ferns and other plants that required a damp<br />

environment. The enclosure of the inner<br />

zones (such as in the area near the small<br />

greenhouse and on the "Avenue of Lin<strong>de</strong>ns")<br />

with stone pillars and iron railings was also<br />

completed, in 1888 and 1891 respectively.<br />

One of the most visible legacies of Júlio<br />

Henriques’ curatorship is the statue of<br />

Félix Avelar Brotero in front of the main<br />

gate to the Gar<strong>de</strong>n. This homage had first<br />

53

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