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Jardim Botânico de Coimbra: contraponto entre a Arte e a ... - artez

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do Acaso, e outra <strong>de</strong> Ceres, <strong>de</strong>usa maternal<br />

da Terra para os romanos; a planta e corte<br />

da escada que permitiria o acesso ao <strong>Jardim</strong><br />

pelo passeio público, bem como o portal<br />

que a resguardaria, guarnecido <strong>de</strong> duas<br />

esculturas, <strong>entre</strong> as quais Esculápio, <strong>de</strong>us<br />

romano da medicina.<br />

Do confronto <strong>entre</strong> ambos os riscos po<strong>de</strong>se,<br />

portanto, concluir que, embora o <strong>de</strong>senho<br />

da biblioteca do Departamento <strong>de</strong><br />

Botânica não patenteie uma data, ele terá<br />

sido, com probabilida<strong>de</strong>, formulado antes<br />

daquele que viria a integrar o álbum Riscos<br />

das Obras da Universida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Coimbra</strong>,<br />

enviado à rainha. Po<strong>de</strong>ria, com efeito, ter<br />

acompanhado o primeiro projecto para o<br />

<strong>Jardim</strong> <strong>Botânico</strong> avaliado e recusado, pela<br />

sua sumptuosida<strong>de</strong>, em 1773 pelo marquês.<br />

Por outro lado, o facto <strong>de</strong> tanto o plano do<br />

<strong>Jardim</strong> como o das estufas que se acham na<br />

dita biblioteca encontrarem um «correspon<strong>de</strong>nte»<br />

nos <strong>de</strong>senhos enviados em 1777<br />

à soberana, leva-nos a consi<strong>de</strong>rar a hipótese<br />

<strong>de</strong> ter havido, da parte do reitor, a tentativa<br />

<strong>de</strong> retomar a configuração outrora<br />

reprovada pelo ministro <strong>de</strong> D. José. Se assim<br />

foi, o intuito <strong>de</strong> D. Francisco <strong>de</strong> Lemos não<br />

vingou uma vez mais, pois nem estas estufas<br />

foram construídas, nem o <strong>Jardim</strong> obe<strong>de</strong>ceu<br />

ao grandioso feitio. O remediado plano<br />

seguido parece ter sido, afinal, o resultado<br />

da adaptação das linhas italianas às possibilida<strong>de</strong>s<br />

económicas, às sensibilida<strong>de</strong>s<br />

dos que sobre este espaço se foram <strong>de</strong>bruçando,<br />

aos condicionalismos do terreno e<br />

das ocasiões e às necessida<strong>de</strong>s pedagógicas<br />

que reclamavam um ponto final a este<br />

moroso processo construtivo.<br />

O ano <strong>de</strong> 1779 assinala a exoneração <strong>de</strong> D.<br />

Francisco <strong>de</strong> Lemos, o qual só voltaria ao<br />

governo da Universida<strong>de</strong> vinte anos mais<br />

tar<strong>de</strong>. Neste <strong>entre</strong>tanto, correspon<strong>de</strong>nte<br />

aos reitorados <strong>de</strong> D. José Francisco <strong>de</strong> Mendonça<br />

e D. Francisco Rafael <strong>de</strong> Castro, prosseguiram<br />

os trabalhos. Edificou-se uma<br />

casa para as lições <strong>de</strong> botânica. Em 1790<br />

ficou terminado o terrapleno inferior, ainda<br />

project that had been assessed and rejected<br />

by the Marquis for being too sumptuous.<br />

On the other hand, the fact that the plans<br />

of both gar<strong>de</strong>n and greenhouses found in<br />

that library have a counterpart in the drawings<br />

sent in 1777 to the queen suggests that<br />

there may have been an attempt on the part<br />

of the rector to revive the earlier configuration<br />

rejected by the Marquis. If so, then it<br />

was unsuccessful a second time round, for<br />

the greenhouses remained unbuilt and the<br />

gar<strong>de</strong>n did not follow the grandiose <strong>de</strong>sign.<br />

The plan that was eventually adopted seems<br />

to have been the result of an adaptation of<br />

Italian lines to the economic possibilities,<br />

the sensibilities of those involved, the limitations<br />

of the terrain and circumstances,<br />

and educational needs, which <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>d<br />

an end to the longwin<strong>de</strong>d process of construction.<br />

In 1779 D. Francisco <strong>de</strong> Lemos was discharged<br />

from his position as rector, only<br />

returning to govern the University twenty<br />

years later. During this interval, un<strong>de</strong>r the<br />

rectorates of D. José Francisco <strong>de</strong> Mendonça<br />

and D. Francisco Rafael <strong>de</strong> Castro,<br />

the works went ahead. A house was built<br />

for botany lessons. In 1790, the lower level,<br />

still today known as the “central quadrangle”,<br />

was completed, as was the tank in the<br />

middle of it and the plumbing system used<br />

for most of the waters. In this period, the<br />

or<strong>de</strong>r was also given to construct a larger<br />

greenhouse, as the existing one “would not<br />

satisfy the purposes for which it had been<br />

built” 12 .<br />

The plan for the greenhouses of the Botanical<br />

Gar<strong>de</strong>n, signed by Manuel Alves Macomboa<br />

and dated April 1791, responds to this<br />

need. This master carpenter, who had been<br />

called by the Marquis in 1773 to work on<br />

the University buildings, had also since 1777<br />

performed the role of master stonemason<br />

and, following the <strong>de</strong>ath of William Els<strong>de</strong>n,<br />

took over the function of architect in 1782.<br />

His <strong>de</strong>signs of the ground plan and elevation<br />

of the main faça<strong>de</strong> of the greenhouses,<br />

43

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