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2<br />

GLAS AZILA<br />

Izdalo: Mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vo <strong>za</strong> <strong>notranje</strong> <strong>za</strong>deve<br />

Republike Slovenije<br />

Interno <<strong>st</strong>rong>glasilo</<strong>st</strong>rong> prosilcev <strong>za</strong> azil in<br />

Sektorja <strong>za</strong> mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito ter<br />

Oddelka <strong>za</strong> integracijo beguncev in tujcev<br />

December 2009<br />

Leto 4, številka 8<br />

ISSN 1854-9608<br />

Sektor <strong>za</strong> mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito<br />

Ce<strong>st</strong>a v Gorice 15<br />

1501 Ljubljana<br />

Glavni in odgovorni urednik: Gregor Hartman<br />

Urejanje: Gregor Hartman<br />

Prevajanje: Peter Umek<br />

Lektoriranje: Janja Šušteršič-Nučič<br />

Sodelavci: Teja Gomzej, Boštjan Kovačič,<br />

Majda Polanc, Irena Štrus, Vesna Kovač,<br />

Irena Tiselj, Tonček Kopše, Tamara Antonaz<br />

Pogorevc, Nataša Potočnik, Franci Kumer<br />

Fotografije: Peter Zakrajšek - naslovnica, SOJ<br />

MNZ in DMI<br />

Tehnično oblikovanje: Mirsada Dželadini<br />

in Boris Teodorović<br />

Fotokopiranje: SADG<br />

Naklada: 250 izvodov<br />

KAZALO<br />

3 ..... Uvodnik<br />

4 ..... Zahvala donatorjem<br />

4 ..... Spoštovane prosilke in prosilci, sodelavci in<br />

prijatelji<br />

6 ..... Dragi naši varovanci, prijatelji in sodelavci<br />

7 ..... Obve<strong>st</strong>ilo o racionali<strong>za</strong>ciji dela in življenja v<br />

Azilnem domu<br />

8 ..... Internet v Azilnem domu<br />

8 ..... Spremembe <strong>za</strong>konodaje<br />

10 ..... Navodila <strong>za</strong> uporabo kartice urbana na<br />

me<strong>st</strong>nih avtobusih v Ljubljani<br />

13 ..... Integracijski ukrep <strong>za</strong> begunce<br />

v Republiki Sloveniji<br />

17 ..... Pandemska gripa<br />

21 ..... Sveti Miklavž ali sveti Nikolaj<br />

24 ..... Če<strong>st</strong>itka<br />

26 ..... Ugotavljanje ranljivo<strong>st</strong>i in nudenje pomoči<br />

osebam s posebnimi potrebami in delo z njimi<br />

28 ..... Jaz sem Badraa<br />

29 ..... Najboljše <strong>za</strong>upanje<br />

29 ..... Moje življenjske izbire<br />

30 ..... Skoraj prava zimska ruska pravljica<br />

32 ..... Tečaj slovenskega jezika v Azilnem domu<br />

33 ..... Cene Štupar - Center <strong>za</strong> permanentno<br />

izobraževanje v Azilnem domu<br />

38 ..... Nusret Demir<br />

38 ..... »Počitnice <strong>za</strong> begunske matere in otroke 2009«<br />

42 ..... Obisk Triciklneta v Azilnem domu<br />

43 ..... Dragi prosilci ter prosilke <strong>za</strong> mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito<br />

45 ..... Zgodovina Ljubljane


Uvodnik<br />

Uvodnik<br />

Editorial<br />

V <strong>za</strong>dnjih nekaj mesecih se je v Azilnem domu dogajalo<br />

marsikaj novega. V popoldanskem času in<br />

preko vikendov je <strong>za</strong>živel projekt ERF-a, ko so z<br />

nami delavci Arx-a, ki s svojimi <strong>za</strong>nimivimi delavnicami<br />

poživijo naš vsakdan. Sprejeta je bila nova<br />

novela <strong>za</strong>kona, ki spreminja nekatera določila Zakona<br />

o Mednarodni <strong>za</strong>ščiti, ki s tem po<strong>st</strong>aja prosilcem<br />

<strong>za</strong> Mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito bolj prijazen. V tem<br />

času so veliko dejavno<strong>st</strong>i in pomoči prosilcem in<br />

beguncem opravile tudi nevladne organi<strong>za</strong>cije, ki<br />

so dnevno z nami in vedno pripravljene pomagati.<br />

Tudi <strong>za</strong> naš časopis je vedno več prispevkov prosilcev<br />

in beguncev, kar me še posebej veseli. Nadalje<br />

smo končno dobili internet na katerega smo čakali<br />

tako dolgo. Res je tudi, da se nas je v tem času<br />

»dotaknila« recesija in moramo tudi mi prispevati<br />

svoj delež pri varčevanju, kar zna biti včasih malce<br />

moteče. Vendar me ob vsem tem navdaja optimizem<br />

tudi <strong>za</strong> prihajajoče Novo leto, z željo vsem<br />

ljudem odprtega srca, da Vam leto 2010 prinese še<br />

več lepih, veselih in srečnih trenutkov.<br />

Gregor Hartman<br />

U posljednjih nekoliko mjeseci do<strong>st</strong>a novog se dogodilo<br />

u Azilnom domu. Poslijepodne i preko vikende<br />

izvodi se projekt ERF kada su sa nama radnici ARX-a,<br />

koji svojim <strong>za</strong>nimljivim radionicama čine naše dane<br />

ljepšim. Usvojena je novela <strong>za</strong>kona o međunarodnoj<br />

<strong>za</strong>štiti koja mijenja određene propise i time ga čini<br />

ljubaznijim <strong>za</strong> molioce međunarodne <strong>za</strong>štite. Za to<br />

vrijeme ogromno aktivno<strong>st</strong>i <strong>za</strong> molioce i izbjeglice<br />

uradile su naše nevladine organi<strong>za</strong>cije, koje su dnevno<br />

spremne pomagati. I naš časopis primio je sve<br />

više članaka od molioca i izbjeglica što nas posebno<br />

raduje. Konačno smo dobili Internet kojeg smo tako<br />

dugo čekali. I<strong>st</strong>ina je da nas se „dotakla“ i recesija<br />

ali i mi moramo dati naš doprinos štednji što ponekad<br />

možda malo smeta. Ipak sam optimi<strong>st</strong>a što se tiče<br />

nove godine koja dolazi. Svima ljudima dobrog srca<br />

želim u 2010 što više lijepih i sretnih trenutaka!<br />

Gregor Hartman<br />

In the pa<strong>st</strong> few months many new things happened in Asylum<br />

Centre. The ERF project became alive in the afternoon<br />

and during weekends after the arrival of ARX employees who<br />

with their intere<strong>st</strong>ing workshops make our everyday life nicer.<br />

A new law amendment was adopted modifying certain<br />

provisions of the International Protection Act which is now<br />

much kinder to the applicants for international protection. In<br />

this time a lot of assi<strong>st</strong>ance activities took place by non-governmental<br />

organisations who are always ready to help. Our<br />

newspaper also received more contributions form applicants<br />

and refugees which pleases us a lot. Furthermore we finally<br />

got the Internet we were waiting for so long. It is true that we<br />

were also “touched” by the recession and mu<strong>st</strong> contribute our<br />

share to saving resources which can sometimes be di<strong>st</strong>urbing.<br />

However we are optimi<strong>st</strong>ic also about the forthcoming New<br />

Year and wish all the kind hearted people lots of beautiful and<br />

merry moments in 2010.<br />

Gregor Hartman<br />

3


Zahvala donatorjem:<br />

Zahvala donatorima:<br />

Appreciation to our donors:<br />

Kot vedno tudi tokrat izkoriščamo možno<strong>st</strong>, da se <strong>za</strong>hvalimo<br />

vsem prijaznim ljudem in organi<strong>za</strong>cijam, ki so nam s svojo<br />

dobrosrčno<strong>st</strong>jo polepšali marsikateri dan v Azilnem domu.<br />

Zahvaljujemo se gospodu Dejanu Mikužu <strong>za</strong> njegovo nesebično<strong>st</strong>,<br />

glasbeni skupini Koko in Mandovi <strong>za</strong> njihov <strong>za</strong>baven<br />

in melodičen prispevek ob praznovanju Svetovnega<br />

dneva beguncev, družinskemu gledališču Kolenc <strong>za</strong> pred<strong>st</strong>avo<br />

Lili v cirkusu in seveda nevladnim organi<strong>za</strong>cijam;<br />

Slovenski filantropiji, Jezuitski službi <strong>za</strong> begunce in Pravno<br />

informacijski službi, <strong>za</strong> vse dejavno<strong>st</strong>i, ki jih izvajajo <strong>za</strong> na<strong>st</strong>anjene<br />

v Azilnem domu.<br />

Spoštovane prosilke in prosilci, sodelavci in prijatelji<br />

Poštovani molioci, suradnici i prijatelji!<br />

Dear applicants, colleagues and friends!<br />

Leto 2009, v primerjavi z leti poprej, <strong>za</strong>ključujemo v okviru<br />

novega Direktorata <strong>za</strong> migracije in integracijo. Kot<br />

<strong>st</strong>e lahko <strong>za</strong>sledili v prejšnji številki Glasa azila, je bil<br />

direktorat u<strong>st</strong>anovljen spomladi letos, njegova glavna<br />

naloga pa je si<strong>st</strong>ematično in usklajeno vodenje migracijske<br />

in integracijske ter azilne politike v Sloveniji. S<br />

spremenjeno organi<strong>za</strong>cijo želi Mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vo <strong>za</strong> <strong>notranje</strong><br />

<strong>za</strong>deve izboljšati položaj tujcev, beguncev in prosilcev<br />

<strong>za</strong> mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito v Sloveniji.<br />

Področje azila je že dalj čas v ospredju <strong>st</strong>rokovnega dogajanja<br />

na področju migracij v Sloveniji. Pri tem direk-<br />

4<br />

V imenu vseh <strong>za</strong>poslenih v Azilnem domu Gregor Hartman<br />

Kao uvijek i ovaj put kori<strong>st</strong>im priliku da se <strong>za</strong>hvalim svim ljubaznima<br />

ljudima i organi<strong>za</strong>cijama koji su uljepšali dane u<br />

Azilnom domu svojom ljubaznošću.<br />

Zahvaljujemo se gospodinu Dejanu Mikužu <strong>za</strong> njegovo nesebično<strong>st</strong>,<br />

glazbenoj skupini Koko in Mandovi <strong>za</strong> njihov <strong>za</strong>bavan<br />

in melodičan doprinos prazniku Svjetskog dana izbjeglica,<br />

porodičnom ka<strong>za</strong>lištu Kolenc <strong>za</strong> pred<strong>st</strong>avu, Lili v cirkusu in<br />

naravno nevladinim organi<strong>za</strong>cijama; Slovenskoj filantropiji,<br />

Jezuitski službi <strong>za</strong> izbjeglice i Pravno informacijski službi, <strong>za</strong><br />

sve aktivno<strong>st</strong>i koje izvode u Azilnom domu.<br />

U ime svih <strong>za</strong>poslenih u Azilnom domu: Gregor Hartman<br />

As always let me take the advantage of this opportunity to<br />

thank all the kind people and organisations who made our<br />

days in Asylum Centre beautiful due to their kind heartedness.<br />

We thank Mr. Dejan Mikuž for his generosity, Koko in Mandova<br />

band for their funny musical contribution to the celebration<br />

of the Worlds Refugee Day, family theatre Kolenc<br />

for the show, Lili Circus and of course NGOs; Slovene Philanthropy,<br />

Jesuit Refugee Service and Legal Information Centre<br />

for all their activities aimed at the residents of Asylum<br />

Centre.<br />

On behalf of the Asylum Centre <strong>st</strong>aff: Gregor Hartman<br />

torat <strong>za</strong>sleduje dva temeljna cilja: izvajanje <strong>za</strong>konitih<br />

in hitrih po<strong>st</strong>opkov <strong>za</strong> priznanje mednarodne <strong>za</strong>ščite in<br />

<strong>za</strong>gotavljanje dobrih pogojev bivanja v Azilnem domu.<br />

Ob tem je potrebno opozoriti, da h kvaliteti bivanja v<br />

Azilnem domu poleg <strong>za</strong>poslenih zelo pripomorejo tudi<br />

pred<strong>st</strong>avniki nevladnih organi<strong>za</strong>cij, Visokega komisariata<br />

združenih narodov <strong>za</strong> begunce in drugi dobri ljudje,<br />

ki preko izvajanja številnih programov prosilcem in prosilkam<br />

omogočajo boljše počutje v Sloveniji. Hvala prav<br />

vsem. S ponosom lahko ocenim, da se je sodelovanje<br />

med navedenimi akterji na tem področju letos izboljšalo<br />

in poglobilo. K dobremu vzdušju pa seveda pripomore-


te tudi vi, spoštovane prosilke in prosilci, predvsem s<br />

prilagodljivo<strong>st</strong>jo, medsebojno <strong>st</strong>rpno<strong>st</strong>jo ter pozitivnim<br />

odnosom do bivalnega okolja.<br />

V letu 2009 smo se lotili sprememb <strong>za</strong>konodaje s področja<br />

mednarodne <strong>za</strong>ščite. Prva sprememba, ki je bila sprejeta<br />

poleti, se je nanašala predvsem na razselitev izven<br />

Azilnega doma. V letu 2010 pa bodo sprejete nove, nekoliko<br />

obsežnejše spremembe <strong>za</strong>kona, ki bodo posegale<br />

tako na področje po<strong>st</strong>opkov <strong>za</strong> priznanje mednarodne<br />

<strong>za</strong>ščite, kot tudi na področje vaših pravic in dolžno<strong>st</strong>i,<br />

in s tem k zvišanju ob<strong>st</strong>oječih <strong>st</strong>andardov.<br />

Sama bom še naprej skrbela <strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong>gotavljanje kvalitete<br />

bivanja v Azilnem domu, v Integracijskih hišah in tudi<br />

<strong>za</strong> izvajanje <strong>za</strong>konitih in poštenih po<strong>st</strong>opkov na tem področju,<br />

tako da bom svoje sodelavce vzpodbujala k <strong>st</strong>rokovnemu<br />

razumevanju področne problematike, k nadgrajevanju<br />

njihovega znanja in k najvišji odgovorno<strong>st</strong>i<br />

pri opravljanju svojih nalog.<br />

Želim vam, da bi se v Azilnem domu in Sloveniji nasploh<br />

dobro počutili. V letu 2010 pa vam želim čim več zdravja,<br />

nasmejanih lic in izpolnitve vseh vaših osebnih želja.<br />

Nina Gregori<br />

Godina 2009 uspoređena sa prošlom <strong>za</strong>ključuje se u novom Direktoratu<br />

<strong>za</strong> migracije i integraciju. Kao što <strong>st</strong>e čitali u prošlom<br />

broju Glasa Azila direktorat je osnivan u proljeće ove godine a<br />

njegova glavna <strong>za</strong>daća je si<strong>st</strong>ematično i koordinirano vođenje<br />

migracijske i integracijske te azilske politike u Sloveniji.<br />

Promijene mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>va u organi<strong>za</strong>ciji žele poboljšati položaj<br />

<strong>st</strong>ranca, izbjeglica i molilaca <strong>za</strong> međunarodnu <strong>za</strong>štitu o našoj<br />

državi.<br />

Područje azila duže vremena je u prvom planu <strong>st</strong>ručnih događaja<br />

na polju migracija u Sloveniji. Osim izvođenja <strong>za</strong>konitih,<br />

poštenih in što bržih po<strong>st</strong>upka <strong>za</strong> priznanje međunarodne <strong>za</strong>štite<br />

i garancija cilj našeg direktorata su što viši i kvalitetni<br />

<strong>st</strong>andardi smještaja u Azilnom domu in <strong>za</strong>konite te pravedne<br />

odluke u azilskim po<strong>st</strong>upcima. Moram da kažem da su kvaliteti<br />

boravka u Azilnom domu dali svoj doprinos ne samo <strong>za</strong>posleni<br />

nego i nevladine organi<strong>za</strong>cije, Visoki Komesarijat Ujedinjenih<br />

nacija <strong>za</strong> izbjeglice i različiti pojedinci. Hvala svima. Sama<br />

ocjenjujem da se je suradnja između različitih aktera ove godine<br />

poboljšala i produbila. I vi poštovani molioci možete dati<br />

vaš doprinos sa vašom prilagodljivošću i tolerancijom te pozitivnim<br />

odnosom do okoline u kojoj živite.<br />

U 2009 godini počeli smo izmjenama u <strong>za</strong>konu o međunarodnoj<br />

<strong>za</strong>štiti. Prva izmjena u ljetu odnosila se na premještaj iz<br />

Azilnog doma a u 2010 godini primiti će se nove šire izmjene<br />

<strong>za</strong>kona na području po<strong>st</strong>upaka <strong>za</strong> priznanje međunarodne <strong>za</strong>štite<br />

i vaša prava te dužno<strong>st</strong>i. Očekujemo da će donijeti nekoliko<br />

više <strong>st</strong>andarde od po<strong>st</strong>ojećih.<br />

U budućno<strong>st</strong>i očekujemo neke novo<strong>st</strong>i i izmjene u vezi novele<br />

<strong>za</strong>kona o međunarodnoj <strong>za</strong>štiti – podjela bremena među dr-<br />

žavama članicama EU i mogućno<strong>st</strong> takozvanog premještaja<br />

- resettlementa.<br />

Sama ću se i dalje brinuti o kvaliteti boravka u Azilnom domu,<br />

integracijskim kućama i poštenih te <strong>za</strong>konitih po<strong>st</strong>upka na<br />

tom području tako da ću svoje suradnike i dalje hrabriti u smislu<br />

<strong>st</strong>ručnog razumijevanja ove problematike i najviše odgovorno<strong>st</strong>i<br />

do rada kojeg obavljaju.<br />

Želim vam da se dobro osjećate u Azilnom domu i Sloveniji. U<br />

2010 godini vam želim vam što više zdravlja i što manje briga i<br />

da se ispune sve vaše želje.<br />

Nina Gregori<br />

If we compare the year 2009 with the previous one we see that<br />

we are ending it within the Migration and Integration Directorate.<br />

As you could see in the previous issue of the Voice of Asylum<br />

the Directorate was e<strong>st</strong>ablished this spring and its main<br />

task is a sy<strong>st</strong>ematic and coordinated management of migration,<br />

integration and asylum policy in Slovenia. By changing the<br />

organisation the Mini<strong>st</strong>ry wishes to improve the situation of<br />

aliens, refugees and applicants for international protection in<br />

our country.<br />

The area of asylum has been for a long time in the forefront<br />

of professional developments regarding migration in Slovenia.<br />

Besides the implementation of lawful, fair and smooth international<br />

protection procedures and relevant safeguards, the<br />

chief goals of our Directorate are the highe<strong>st</strong> possible living<br />

<strong>st</strong>andards in Asylum Centre and taking fair decisions on asylum<br />

claims. I mu<strong>st</strong> say that besides the <strong>st</strong>aff, non-governmental organisations,<br />

the United High Commissioner for Refugees and<br />

other individuals contributed to the quality of living in this facility.<br />

I thank them all. In my opinion that the cooperation between<br />

various actors in this area improved and <strong>st</strong>rengthened.<br />

You, dear applicants, can also contribute to the good atmosphere<br />

by being flexible and tolerant and by having a positive<br />

attitude to the environment where you live.<br />

In 2009 we also dealt with the changes and amendments in the<br />

international protection legislation. The fir<strong>st</strong> one this summer<br />

was the resettlement outside the Asylum Centre. In 2010<br />

new and broader changes in the law will take place both in the<br />

international protection determination procedure and your<br />

rights and obligations. It is expected that the law will raise the<br />

exi<strong>st</strong>ing <strong>st</strong>andard to a certain degree.<br />

W expect in the future some novelties and changes brought<br />

about by the law amendment to the International Protection<br />

Act on burden sharing between the Eu Member States and the<br />

possibility of relocating – resettlement.<br />

I myself will continue to look after the quality of residing in<br />

Asylum Centre, integration houses and the provision of lawful<br />

and fair procedures in this area by encouraging my associates<br />

for a professional under<strong>st</strong>anding of these issues and the highe<strong>st</strong><br />

level of responsibility in performing their tasks.<br />

I wish you may feel well in Asylum Centre and in Slovenia and<br />

lots of good health and less worries in 2010. May also all your<br />

wishes come true.<br />

Nina Gregori<br />

5


Dragi naši varovanci, prijatelji in sodelavci,<br />

Dragi naši štićenici, prijatelji i suradnici,<br />

Dear residents, friends and colleagues,<br />

Leto 2009, ki je skoraj <strong>za</strong> nami, nam je prineslo nešteto<br />

preobratov. Poleg vseh tegob in problemov, ki prežijo na<br />

vse nas skoraj <strong>za</strong> vsakim vogalom, <strong>st</strong>a se pojavili še svetovna<br />

recesija in kri<strong>za</strong>, ki še poglabljata vse slabo.<br />

Pred kratkim sem (ponovno) prebiral Konvencijo o beguncih<br />

iz daljnega leta 1951, ki je naš pomemben delovni<br />

pripomoček in kompas ter ugotovil, da je že hudo <strong>za</strong><strong>st</strong>arela<br />

in potrebna prenove, ali vsaj dopolnitve. Ne trdim,<br />

da <strong>za</strong>pisano v konvenciji ne drži, trdim, da je <strong>za</strong>pisanega<br />

premalo. Od njenega sprejema do sedaj so se poleg v njej<br />

naštetih oblik preganjanja ljudi pojavile še nove tegobe<br />

in problemi. Naj omenim samo nekatere najhujše kot so<br />

okoljske spremembe, ki v končni posledici ljudem povzročajo<br />

uničenje okolja, s tem pa lakoto, trpljenje in na<br />

koncu bedno smrt ter nadalje brezposelno<strong>st</strong>, ki povzroča<br />

revščino in ponižanje večinoma nedolžnih ljudi, ki si<br />

želijo le delati in živeti. Mnenja sem, da lahko ljudje ob<br />

veliki meri sreče in drzno<strong>st</strong>i zbežijo pred vojno, <strong>za</strong>rotami<br />

in preganjanjem, a kako naj zbežijo pred lakoto ali <strong>st</strong>rupenimi<br />

vplivi okolja ? Še bi lahko našteval, pa ne želim<br />

več vzbujati slabih ču<strong>st</strong>ev.<br />

V Sektorju <strong>za</strong> mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito MNZ se zelo dobro<br />

<strong>za</strong>vedamo, da življenje naših varovancev ni eno<strong>st</strong>avno,<br />

vaše izkušnje in zgodbe, ki jih slišimo pa o<strong>st</strong>anejo <strong>za</strong> vedno<br />

v naših mislih.<br />

V tem letu smo se zelo trudili, da bi vam bilo bolje, da bi<br />

se tudi počutili bolje,varneje in da vas slabi vplivi vašega<br />

prejšnjega okolja ne bi dohiteli. Poskušali smo vam<br />

u<strong>st</strong>variti nov dom. Seveda samo vi ve<strong>st</strong>e, če smo pri tem<br />

<strong>za</strong>res uspeli.<br />

Verjamem, da se trud vedno obre<strong>st</strong>uje in da je bilo opravljeno<br />

delo dobro. Zasluge <strong>za</strong> dobro delo pa gredo vsem,<br />

ki smo sodelovali, <strong>za</strong>to moram posebej izpo<strong>st</strong>aviti, nevladne<br />

organi<strong>za</strong>cije, ki delujete pri nas, Visoki komisariat<br />

združenih narodov <strong>za</strong> begunce, Rdeči križ, Karitas in posameznike,<br />

ki <strong>st</strong>e se še posebej trudili.<br />

6<br />

V letu 2010 želim prav vsem obilo zdravja,<br />

sreče in uspehov<br />

Tonček Kopše<br />

Godina 2009 skor je <strong>za</strong> nama i donijela je brojne promjene. Pored<br />

problema i muka koji na gledaju i<strong>za</strong> svakog ugla došla je i<br />

svjetska recesija te kri<strong>za</strong> koje su situaciju još pogoršale.<br />

Nedavno sam (ponovo) pročitao Konvenciju o <strong>st</strong>atusu izbjeglica<br />

iz daleke 1951 godine koji je naše važno oruđe in kompas<br />

i vidio da je veoma <strong>st</strong>aromodna i potrebna obnove ili barem<br />

dopuna. Ne kažem da ono što u njoj piše nije i<strong>st</strong>ina nego tvrdim<br />

da je to premalo. Od kada je usvojena su se pored nabrojanih<br />

oblika proganjanja pojavili i novi oblici te problemi. Od najgorih<br />

tu su ekološke promjene koje uništavaju okolinu a time<br />

glad, muke in na kraju bijednu smrt. Dalje tu je besposleno<strong>st</strong><br />

koja znači bijedu i poniženje većine nevinih ljudi koji žele samo<br />

živjeti i raditi.. Mislim da ljudi uz malo sreće i hrabro<strong>st</strong>i mogu<br />

pobjeći od rata i proganjanja ali kako bježati pred gladovanjem<br />

i trovanom okolinom? Još bi se moglo nabrojati ali neću<br />

širiti slabe osjećaje.<br />

U Sektoru MUP <strong>za</strong> međunarodnu <strong>za</strong>štitu dobro znamo da život<br />

naših štićenika nije jedno<strong>st</strong>avan a vaša isku<strong>st</strong>va i priče koje čujemo<br />

o<strong>st</strong>aju <strong>za</strong> uvijek u našim mislima.<br />

Ove godine jako smo se trudili da bi vam bilo bolje in da se osjećate<br />

prijatno i sigurno i da vas sve ono slabo u prošlo<strong>st</strong>i ne bi do<strong>st</strong>iglo.<br />

Pokušavali smo vam napraviti nov dom ali naravno sami<br />

vi znate dali smo <strong>st</strong>varno uspjeli.<br />

Vjerujem da se trud uvijek isplati i da smo dobro radili. Zasluge<br />

idu svima koji su radili s nama a pogotovo nevladinim organi<strong>za</strong>cijama,<br />

Visokom komesarijatu Ujedinjenih nacija <strong>za</strong> izbjeglice,<br />

Crvenom križu, karitasu i pojedincima čiji napori su bili posebno<br />

veliki.<br />

U godini 2010 želim baš svima mnogo zdravlja,<br />

sreće i uspjeha<br />

Tonček Kopše<br />

The year 2009 which is almo<strong>st</strong> behind us brought numerous<br />

changes. Besides difficulties and problems behind almo<strong>st</strong> every<br />

corner there came also the world recession and crisis that<br />

make things even worse.<br />

Not so long ago I read (again) the 1951 Convention on the Status<br />

of Refugees which is our important tool and compass. I found<br />

out that it is truly obsolete and needs reformulation or at<br />

lea<strong>st</strong> amendments. I do not say that what is written in the Convention<br />

does not hold true. I maintain that it is not enough.<br />

Since its adoption new forms of persecution appeared in addition<br />

to the ones described in this document. Let me mention a<br />

few wor<strong>st</strong> ones such as environmental changes that ultimately<br />

ruin the places where people live, cause hunger, suffering and<br />

finally death in misery. Then there is unemployment causing<br />

poverty and humiliation of the innocent people who only want<br />

to live and work. I believe that people if they are brave and<br />

lucky can escape war, plots and persecution but how can they<br />

run away from hunger or poisoned environment? I could enumerate<br />

more but I do not want to spread bad feelings


In our MOI International Protection Division we are aware that<br />

the life of our protégés is not simple. Your experiences and difficulties<br />

remain for ever in our minds.<br />

In this year we tried to do our be<strong>st</strong> to make you feel better and<br />

safer and that the bad influence of your previous life would not<br />

catch up with you. We tried to make a new home for you. Only<br />

you know if we truly succeeded.<br />

I am sure that efforts pay well and that we did a good job.<br />

The praise goes to all who cooperated particularly non-governmental<br />

organisations, United Nations High Commissioner<br />

for Refugees, Red Cross, Karitas and individuals whose efforts<br />

were especially precious.<br />

In 2010 I wish you lots of health,<br />

happiness and success!<br />

Tonček Kopše<br />

Obve<strong>st</strong>ilo o racionali<strong>za</strong>ciji dela<br />

in življenja v Azilnem domu<br />

Azilni dom je na domski skupno<strong>st</strong>i 9. 9. 2009 vse prosilce<br />

obve<strong>st</strong>il o varčevalnih ukrepih ter o skrbni rabi<br />

energijskih virov, kot <strong>st</strong>a voda in elektrika.<br />

Varčevalni ukrepi se uvajajo <strong>za</strong>radi zmanjševanja <strong>st</strong>roškov,<br />

<strong>za</strong>to smo prosilcem razložili, kaj pomeni racionali<strong>za</strong>cija<br />

in kako živeti v Azilnem domu. Povedali smo<br />

jim, da se na moškem oddelku <strong>za</strong>pre eno nad<strong>st</strong>ropje,<br />

s čimer bomo zmanjšali porabo vode in elektrike. Prav<br />

tako bomo varčevali pri pranju; odslej bo vsaka družina<br />

lahko oprala le dva pralna <strong>st</strong>roja na teden in le<br />

osebna oblačila.<br />

Poudarek pa je bil tudi na osveščanju prosilcev glede<br />

recikliranja oziroma ločevanja odpadkov, <strong>za</strong> kar smo<br />

zmanjšali tudi število <strong>za</strong>bojnikov oziroma jih nadome<strong>st</strong>ili<br />

z ločevalnimi <strong>za</strong>bojniki.<br />

Res je, da si vsakdanje življenje težko pred<strong>st</strong>avljamo<br />

brez teh dobrin, saj je normalno, da smo či<strong>st</strong>i in da<br />

nam je pozimi toplo in ob večerih svetlo. Kljub temu<br />

pa moramo energijo varčevati, saj ne pride sama po<br />

sebi. Zato smo se v Azilnem domu odločili <strong>za</strong> geslo<br />

Varčujmo z energijo!<br />

Vesna Kovač<br />

OBAVJEŠTENJE O RACIONALIZACIJI RADA I ŽI-<br />

VOTA U AZILNOM DOMU U SMISLU ŠTEDNJE<br />

Azilni dom je već na sa<strong>st</strong>anku domske <strong>za</strong>jednice 9. 9. 2009 sve<br />

<strong>st</strong>anovnike obavije<strong>st</strong>io o mjerama <strong>za</strong> štednju i brižnoj upotrebi<br />

energetskih vira kao što su voda, svjetlo i elektrika.<br />

Gornje mjere tiču se smanjenja troškova i zbog toga smo <strong>st</strong>anovnicima<br />

objasnili što racionali<strong>za</strong>cija znači i kako s tim živjeti u<br />

Azilnom domu. Pred<strong>st</strong>avljeno je bilo, da će se na muškom odjelu<br />

<strong>za</strong>tvoriti jedan sprat što znači smanjenje troškova elektrike i<br />

vode. I<strong>st</strong>o tako štedite i neke druge izvore energije uz racionali<strong>za</strong>ciju<br />

pranja što znači da će svaka porodica oprati samo dvije<br />

mašine odjeće u ijednu i to samo osobni garderobu<br />

Naglasili smo također i veću svije<strong>st</strong> među <strong>st</strong>anovnicima što se<br />

tiče reciklaže ili separacije otpadaka zbog čega smo smanjili broj<br />

kontejnera <strong>za</strong> smeće i <strong>za</strong>mijenili ih sa kontejnerima <strong>za</strong> separaciju<br />

otpadaka.<br />

I<strong>st</strong>ina je da si teško <strong>za</strong>mislimo normalan život bez tih dobara.<br />

A normalan život znači njihovu upotrebu. Lijepo je ako nam je<br />

zimi toplo i na večer svijetlo. Zbog toga se teško odričemo ovih<br />

dobara. Tako smo u Azilnom domu našli novu lozinku »Štedimo<br />

energijom!«<br />

Vesna Kovač<br />

NOTIFICATION ON THE RATIONALISATION OF<br />

WORKING AND LIVING IN ASYLUM CENTRE IN<br />

TERMS OF COST-SAVING<br />

During the meeting of the Asylum Centre’s community on<br />

9.9.2009 the management informed our residents on the co<strong>st</strong>saving<br />

measures and an economic use of energy resources such<br />

as water, light and electricity.<br />

The introduction of the above measures is aimed at co<strong>st</strong>-saving<br />

so we explained to the residents what this rationalisation<br />

meant and how to live in Asylum Home with it in the future. It<br />

was explained that in the single men’ s section one floor would<br />

be closed which means the reduction of the water and electricity<br />

consumption. By rationalising washing several resources<br />

may be reduced if a family uses the washing machine only twice<br />

a week for personal clothes.<br />

A particular <strong>st</strong>ress was laid upon awareness raising among the<br />

residents as regards recycling or separation of wa<strong>st</strong>e which<br />

means that the number of wa<strong>st</strong>e containers was reduced and<br />

replaced by those requiring the separation of wa<strong>st</strong>e.<br />

It is true that it is hard to imagine a normal life without these<br />

goods. But a normal life means that we use these resources. It<br />

is nice when we are warm in winter and when there is light in<br />

the room so it is hard to give them up. Nevertheless we have to<br />

save energy because it cannot be taken for granted. This is why<br />

we have now the following slogan »Let’s save energy!!«<br />

Vesna Kovač<br />

7


Internet v Azilnem domu<br />

Internet u Azilnom domu<br />

Internet in Asylum Centre<br />

Dolgo smo čakali nanj. A kdor čaka, dočaka. Dobili smo<br />

internetno pove<strong>za</strong>vo, ki bo sedaj namenjena vsem na<strong>st</strong>anjenim<br />

v Azilnem domu. Na razpolago so vam tri internetna<br />

me<strong>st</strong>a: Na moškem oddelku v sobi <strong>za</strong> obiske,<br />

na oddelku <strong>za</strong> družine, prav tako v pritličju v sobi <strong>za</strong><br />

obiske in na »Zaprtem oddelku«. Za uporabo interneta<br />

se dogovorite s svojim socialnim delavcem ali z delavci<br />

Arx-a v popoldanskem in večernem času. Internetni<br />

do<strong>st</strong>op vam je na razpolago vsak dan od 8h do 23h.<br />

Dugo smo ga čekali ali taj koji čeka i dočeka. Dobili smo<br />

internetsku vezu koja je namijenjena svima <strong>st</strong>anovnicima<br />

Doma. Na raspolaganju su tri internetska mje<strong>st</strong>a: u odjelu<br />

<strong>za</strong> samačke muškarce u sobi <strong>za</strong> posjete, na odjelu <strong>za</strong> poro-<br />

V juliju 2009 je Državni zbor Republike Slovenije sprejel<br />

spremembe in dopolnitve Zakona o mednarodni <strong>za</strong>ščiti.<br />

Najpomembnejša sprememba se nanaša na pogoje <strong>za</strong> razselitev<br />

zunaj azilnega doma. U<strong>st</strong>avno sodišče Republike<br />

Slovenije je namreč ugotovilo, da je pogoj <strong>za</strong> razselitev<br />

zunaj azilnega doma, ki se je nanašal na <strong>za</strong>sedeno<strong>st</strong> azilnega<br />

doma, neskladen z U<strong>st</strong>avo Republike Slovenije.<br />

Tako se od julija dalje zunaj azilnega doma lahko razselijo<br />

osebe, ki izpolnjujejo naslednje pogoje:<br />

— nesporno ugotovljena i<strong>st</strong>ovetno<strong>st</strong>,<br />

— u<strong>st</strong>rezno<strong>st</strong> bivalnih razmer na <strong>za</strong>sebnem naslovu,<br />

8<br />

dice također u sobi <strong>za</strong> posjete u prizemlju i u takozvanom<br />

„Zatvorenom odjelu“. Za upotrebu Interneta dogovorite se<br />

sa socijalnim radnikom ili osoblju ARX-a poslijepodne ili na<br />

večer. Do<strong>st</strong>up do Interneta moguć je svaki dan od 8 do 23<br />

sati.<br />

We have been waiting for it a long time. But all things<br />

come to those who wait. We got the Internet connection<br />

for all the residents in the Centre. There are three Internet<br />

areas: In the section for single men in the visiting room,<br />

in the section for families also in the visiting room at the<br />

ground floor and in the so called “Closed Section”. If you<br />

want to use Internet talk to your social worker or the ARX<br />

employees in the afternoon or evening. Access to Internet<br />

is available every day from 8.00 to 23.00 h.<br />

Spremembe <strong>za</strong>konodaje<br />

Promjene u <strong>za</strong>konu<br />

Changes in the law<br />

— že opravljen osebni razgovor.<br />

Prosilcu se lahko odobri razselitev zunaj azilnega doma<br />

tudi v primeru utemeljenih zdrav<strong>st</strong>venih razlogov, o katerih<br />

odloča posebna komisija. V izjemnih primerih se lahko<br />

prosilcu odobri razselitev zunaj azilnega doma, če se mu<br />

ne more <strong>za</strong>gotoviti name<strong>st</strong>itve v azilnem domu.<br />

Ker se na razselitev zunaj azilnega doma nanaša tudi finančna<br />

pomoč, so se s spremembami <strong>za</strong>kona spremenile<br />

tudi določbe, ki se nanašajo na finančno pomoč. Tako se<br />

finančna pomoč <strong>za</strong> razselitev zunaj azilnega doma prosilcu<br />

dodeli le v primeru, da nima la<strong>st</strong>nih sred<strong>st</strong>ev <strong>za</strong> preživ-


ljanje in da mu ni mogoče <strong>za</strong>gotoviti name<strong>st</strong>itve v azilnem<br />

domu. Izjema so le osebe, ki se iz azilnega doma <strong>za</strong>radi<br />

osebnih okoliščin razselijo v druge in<strong>st</strong>itucije, saj morajo<br />

plačevati <strong>st</strong>roške name<strong>st</strong>itve v in<strong>st</strong>ituciji, v katero so bile<br />

razseljene.<br />

Sprememba <strong>za</strong>kona določa tudi pogoje <strong>za</strong> razveljavitev<br />

razselitve zunaj azilnega doma.<br />

Druge spremembe <strong>za</strong>kona so bile bolj tehnične narave in<br />

na po<strong>st</strong>opke <strong>za</strong> priznanje mednarodne <strong>za</strong>ščite ter pravice<br />

in dolžno<strong>st</strong>i prosilcev <strong>za</strong> mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito ne vplivajo.<br />

Mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vo <strong>za</strong> <strong>notranje</strong> <strong>za</strong>deve že pripravlja nove spremembe<br />

in dopolnitve <strong>za</strong>kona, ki bodo obsežnejše in bodo<br />

na nekaterih področjih bolj vplivale na prosilce <strong>za</strong> mednarodno<br />

<strong>za</strong>ščito in osebe s priznano mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito.<br />

Nataša Potočnik<br />

U junu 2009 Državni sabor Republike Slovenije promijenio i dopunio<br />

je Zakon o međunarodnoj <strong>za</strong>štiti.<br />

Najvažnija tiče se oslova <strong>za</strong> preseljenje van Azilnog doma. U<strong>st</strong>avni<br />

sud Republike Slovenije dao je odluku, da oslovi <strong>za</strong> preseljenje<br />

van Azilnog doma u vezi njegove popune nije u skladu sa<br />

U<strong>st</strong>avom RS.<br />

Od jula dalje mogu se dakle van Doma preseliti osobe koje ispunjavaju<br />

slijedeće oslove:<br />

— nesporno u<strong>st</strong>anovljen identitet,<br />

— primjerno<strong>st</strong> oslova <strong>za</strong> boravak u privatnom smještaju; i<br />

— već obavljen osobni razgovor.<br />

Moliocu može se odobriti preseljenje također u slučaju utemeljenih<br />

zdrav<strong>st</strong>venih razloga o čemu odlučuje posebna komisija. U<br />

posebnom slučaju moliocu može se odobriti preseljenje ako mu<br />

se ne može osigurati smještaj u Azilnom domu.<br />

Pošto se na preseljenje veže i novčana pomoć promijenile su se<br />

i odredbe o novčanoj pomoći. Tako se ta pomoć može odrediti<br />

moliocu samo u slučaju da nema vla<strong>st</strong>itih sred<strong>st</strong>ava <strong>za</strong> život i da<br />

mu nije moguće osigurati smještaj u Azilnom domu. Izuzetak su<br />

samo osobe, koje se iz ličnih okolno<strong>st</strong>i presele iz Azilnog doma u<br />

druge in<strong>st</strong>itucije poto moraju plaćati troškove smještaja u in<strong>st</strong>ituciji<br />

gdje so bile preseljene.<br />

Promjene <strong>za</strong>kona definiraju i uvjete <strong>za</strong> ukinuće preseljenja van<br />

Azilnog doma.<br />

Druge promjene su tehničke i tiču se po<strong>st</strong>upka <strong>za</strong> priznanje međunarodne<br />

<strong>za</strong>štite i nemaju posljedica na prava i dužno<strong>st</strong>i molioca.<br />

Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>vo <strong>za</strong> unutrašnje poslove već priprema nove promjene<br />

<strong>za</strong>kona i dopune koje će imati više utjecaja na molioce <strong>za</strong> međunarodnu<br />

<strong>za</strong>štitu i osobe sa priznatim <strong>st</strong>atusom izbjeglice.<br />

Nataša Potočnik<br />

In June the Slovene National Assembly changed and amended<br />

the International Protection Act.<br />

The mo<strong>st</strong> significant change concerns the conditions for resettling<br />

outside Asylum Centre. The Con<strong>st</strong>itutional Court of the<br />

Republic of Slovenia namely ruled that the requirements for<br />

resettling outside Asylum Centre as regards the occupancy is<br />

inconsi<strong>st</strong>ent with the Slovene Con<strong>st</strong>itution.<br />

As of July therefore the persons who meet the following conditions<br />

are allowed to resettle outside Asylum Centre:<br />

— Their identity is e<strong>st</strong>ablished beyond doubt,<br />

— Adequacy of living conditions in the private address and<br />

the provision of these conditions in the private address;<br />

and<br />

— The personal interview has already been conducted.<br />

The resettlement outside Asylum Centre can be approved also<br />

in case of compelling medical reasons on which a special commission<br />

decides. In special cases an applicant can be resettled<br />

outside the Centre if the accommodation in Asylum Centre cannot<br />

be provided.<br />

Since the resettlement involves also the financial aid there<br />

have been also changes regarding the decisions on granting<br />

such assi<strong>st</strong>ance. It can be approved exclusively if the applicant<br />

has no own means of subsi<strong>st</strong>ence and if he cannot be provided<br />

with accommodation in Asylum Centre. The only exception are<br />

persons who are due to special circum<strong>st</strong>ances resettled in other<br />

in<strong>st</strong>itutions because the have to pay for the accommodation<br />

expenses in the in<strong>st</strong>itution where they were resettled.<br />

The changes also define the conditions for revoking the resettlement<br />

outside Asylum Centre.<br />

Other changes are more of a technical nature and are related<br />

to international protection procedures and do not affect the<br />

rights and obligations of applicants.<br />

The Mini<strong>st</strong>ry of the Interior is currently preparing new changes<br />

and amendments to the law that will be more extensive and<br />

have a bigger impact on the applicants as well as recognised<br />

refugees.<br />

Nataša Potočnik<br />

9


Navodila <strong>za</strong> uporabo kartice<br />

urbana na me<strong>st</strong>nih avtobusih<br />

v Ljubljani<br />

VRSTE KARTIC<br />

1. VREDNOSTNA KARTICA<br />

Vredno<strong>st</strong>na kartica bo nadome<strong>st</strong>ila sedanje žetone in gotovino.<br />

Kartica je prenosna, ker ni izdana na ime in je rumene<br />

barve. Nanjo je mogoče naložiti denar v vredno<strong>st</strong>i<br />

od 1 do 50 EUR.<br />

Z vredno<strong>st</strong>no kartico lahko v roku 90 minut od plačila<br />

vožnje pre<strong>st</strong>opate brezplačno. Cena ene vožnje je 0,80<br />

EUR.<br />

2. TERMINSKA KARTICA<br />

Terminska kartica je izdana na ime in bo nadome<strong>st</strong>ila vse<br />

vr<strong>st</strong>e sedanjih mesečnih vozovnic. Kartica ni prenosljiva<br />

in je zelene barve. Na terminsko kartico lahko poleg ali<br />

name<strong>st</strong>o izbrane mesečne vozovnice uporabnik naloži od<br />

1 do 50 EUR in jo uporablja, kot bi sicer uporabljal žetone<br />

ali gotovino. Če ima na terminski kartici naloženo veljavno<br />

mesečno vozovnico, mu bo si<strong>st</strong>em upošteval to in ne<br />

bo trgal sred<strong>st</strong>ev, če pa bo si<strong>st</strong>em <strong>za</strong>znal, da na kartici ni<br />

naložene veljavne mesečne vozovnice, bo si<strong>st</strong>em samodejno<br />

s kartice odštel vredno<strong>st</strong> vožnje.<br />

KAKO SI LAHKO SAMI PRIDOBITE TERMINSKE KAR-<br />

TICE<br />

1. ŠOLARJI, DIJAKI IN ŠTUDENTI<br />

Na šoli, ki jo obiskujete, lahko <strong>za</strong>prosite <strong>za</strong> obrazec Potrdilo<br />

o šolanju, ki velja <strong>za</strong> šolsko leto 2009/2010 oziro-<br />

10<br />

ma <strong>za</strong> tekoče šolsko leto in potrjenega prinesete na Javni<br />

prevoz Ljubljana. Polnoletni potrebujete tudi osebni dokument<br />

ali indeks.<br />

2. UPOKOJENCI<br />

Upokojenci morate prine<strong>st</strong>i odrezek <strong>za</strong>dnje prejete pokojnine<br />

in osebni dokument na Javni prevoz v Ljubljani.<br />

3. OBČANI<br />

Občani morate imeti s seboj osebni dokument.<br />

4. INVALIDI<br />

Za pridobitev kartice Urbana s pravico do brezplačne vozovnice<br />

(s spremljevalcem) morate na vpogled predložiti<br />

originalno odločbo Zavoda <strong>za</strong> pokojninsko in invalidsko<br />

<strong>za</strong>varovanje, iz katere je nedvoumno razvidna upravičeno<strong>st</strong><br />

do brezplačne vozovnice, in osebni dokument.<br />

5. BREZPOSELNE OSEBE<br />

Za pridobitev terminske kartice Urbana s pravico do nalaganja<br />

mesečne vozovnice s 50-od<strong>st</strong>otnim popu<strong>st</strong>om<br />

potrebujete potrdilo Zavoda RS <strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong>poslovanje o vpisu v<br />

evidenco brezposelnih oseb in osebni dokument.<br />

PLAČILO VOŽNJE ZA VEČ OSEB Z ENO KARTICO<br />

Z vredno<strong>st</strong>no ali terminsko kartico lahko plačate vožnjo<br />

<strong>za</strong> več oseb hkrati. To morate <strong>st</strong>oriti pri vozniku, ki na<br />

posebnem terminalu izbere želeno število vozovnic. Pre<strong>st</strong>opni<br />

rok 90 minut velja <strong>za</strong> vse, ki potujejo z vami.


KJE LAHKO POLNITE KARTICO?<br />

Prvo polnitev vam lahko izvedejo ob dvigu kartice na blagajni<br />

LPP na Celovški ce<strong>st</strong>i 160 in Slovenski ce<strong>st</strong>i 56.<br />

V bodoče bo kartice mogoče polniti tudi v 120 trafikah<br />

Dela Prodaje in 3Dva Tobačne, v treh Turi<strong>st</strong>ično-informacijskih<br />

centrih v Ljubljani (TIC), po<strong>st</strong>opoma pa bodo po<strong>st</strong>avljeni<br />

tudi urbanomati.<br />

Vsa me<strong>st</strong>a, kjer bo mogoče kupiti in/ali polniti kartice,<br />

bodo označena z okroglo rdečo nalepko z napisom “Urbana,<br />

enotna me<strong>st</strong>na kartica”.<br />

Na urbanomatu je najmanjša vredno<strong>st</strong> polnitve vredno<strong>st</strong>ne<br />

kartice 1 EUR, ker naprava manjših kovancev ne<br />

sprejema. Na blagajnah LPP (in kasneje v trafikah) je najmanjša<br />

vredno<strong>st</strong> polnitve 0,80 EUR, kolikor znaša vredno<strong>st</strong><br />

ene vožnje z žetonom.<br />

Urbanomati ne vračajo drobiža. Če na kartico ne želite<br />

nalagati dodatnega denarja, morate <strong>za</strong> plačilo pripraviti<br />

točen znesek!<br />

KJE LAHKO PREVERITE STANJE NA KARTICI?<br />

Stanje na svoji kartici lahko preverite na urbanomatu –<br />

podrobnejše informacije najdete v dokumentu Navodilo<br />

<strong>za</strong> urbanomate. Prav tako se vam ob validaciji na avtobusu<br />

<strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong>slonu validatorja vsakič izpiše tekoče <strong>st</strong>anje na<br />

kartici.<br />

KAKO PLAČAM VOŽNJO NA AVTOBUSU? (POSTOPEK<br />

VALIDIRANJA)<br />

V<strong>st</strong>op na avtobus je še naprej mogoč le pri vhodnih vratih<br />

pri vozniku. Na avtobusu <strong>st</strong>a nameščena dva validatorja<br />

<strong>za</strong> kartice Urbana – eden pri vozniku avtobusa in eden<br />

malo naprej, nad prvim kolesom avtobusa. Validator pri<br />

vozniku je namenjen predvsem plačilu vožnje <strong>za</strong> več oseb<br />

hkrati s kartico Urbana in plačilu vožnje s pomočjo mobilnega<br />

telefona (ta možno<strong>st</strong> še ni aktivna).<br />

Plačilo vožnje na avtobusu je zelo eno<strong>st</strong>avno. Kartico<br />

prepro<strong>st</strong>o prislonite k validatorju na avtobusu, in sicer k<br />

znaku roke, ki drži kartico Urbana (pri tem ni pomembno,<br />

s katero <strong>st</strong>ranjo kartico prislonite).<br />

— Pri vredno<strong>st</strong>ni urbani vam bo si<strong>st</strong>em od naloženih voženj<br />

odštel 0,80 EUR, torej trenutno veljavni znesek<br />

<strong>za</strong> plačilo enkratne vožnje. Če bo<strong>st</strong>e v roku 90 minut<br />

pre<strong>st</strong>opili na drug avtobus, bo<strong>st</strong>e vredno<strong>st</strong>no urbano<br />

ponovno prislonili k validatorju, si<strong>st</strong>em pa bo vožnjo<br />

samo <strong>za</strong>beležil. Pri tem se bo na validatorju izpisalo<br />

PRESTOP, na ekranu pa se bo ponovno prika<strong>za</strong>lo <strong>st</strong>anje<br />

na vaši kartici, ki mora biti enako kot ob validaciji<br />

pri prvi vožnji.<br />

— Pri terminski urbani bo si<strong>st</strong>em le preveril veljavno<strong>st</strong><br />

kartice.<br />

— Pri terminski urbani, na kateri bo<strong>st</strong>e hkrati imeli<br />

naložena dodatna sred<strong>st</strong>va (dobroimetje), bo si-<br />

<strong>st</strong>em najprej preveril, ali imate na kartici naloženo<br />

veljavno mesečno vozovnico. Če jo bo<strong>st</strong>e imeli, vam<br />

bo si<strong>st</strong>em upošteval ta način plačila in vam ne bo trgal<br />

sred<strong>st</strong>ev. Če pa bo si<strong>st</strong>em <strong>za</strong>znal, da na kartici ni<br />

naložene veljavne mesečne vozovnice, vam bo samodejno<br />

od dodatno naloženih sred<strong>st</strong>ev odštel vredno<strong>st</strong><br />

vožnje.<br />

Uspešna validacija kartice Urbana bo potrjena z zvočnim<br />

in s svetlobnim signalom – kljukica na levi zgornji <strong>st</strong>rani<br />

validatorja bo <strong>za</strong>svetila zeleno. Oba signala se aktivirata<br />

tudi ob validaciji pri pre<strong>st</strong>opu.<br />

Če kartica ne bo veljavna, bo na zgornji desni <strong>st</strong>rani validatorja<br />

<strong>za</strong>svetil rdeč križec, obenem pa bo<strong>st</strong>e <strong>za</strong>slišali<br />

zvočni signal.<br />

Ko si<strong>st</strong>em ne bo deloval ali v primeru druge napake na<br />

si<strong>st</strong>emu, bo svetila ali utripala rdeča lučka, ki se na validatorju<br />

nahaja med kljukico in križcem.<br />

Če po validaciji kartico še enkrat prislonite k validatorju,<br />

se na <strong>za</strong>slonu izpiše ŽE VALIDIRANA, ponovno pa se vam<br />

prikaže tudi <strong>st</strong>anje na njej.<br />

POMEMBNO OPOZORILO<br />

Uporabniki terminskih kartic bodo morali ob morebitni<br />

kontroli na avtobusu poka<strong>za</strong>ti osebni dokument s fotografijo<br />

(osebna izkaznica, potni li<strong>st</strong>, vozniško dovoljenje,<br />

kolesarski izpit, indeks, dijaška ali študentska izkaznica).<br />

Veljavno<strong>st</strong> obeh vr<strong>st</strong> kartic bodo nadzirali kontrolorji<br />

LPP, me<strong>st</strong>ni redarji in me<strong>st</strong>ni inšpektorji, ki od potnika z<br />

neveljavno vozovnico lahko <strong>za</strong>htevajo, da <strong>za</strong>pu<strong>st</strong>i vozilo<br />

in mu vozovnico lahko odv<strong>za</strong>mejo.<br />

Kazen <strong>za</strong> uporabo neveljavne vozovnice ali neplačilo voznine<br />

znaša 40 EUR.<br />

Strošek ponovne izdaje odvzete kartice znaša dodatnih<br />

40 EUR.<br />

Izgubo terminske kartice bodo obravnavali individualno<br />

in si pridržujejo pravico do <strong>za</strong>vrnitve<br />

izdaje nove kartice ali ponovne brezplačne naložitve veljavno<strong>st</strong>i<br />

<strong>za</strong> tekoči mesec, ki je bila že plačana na izgubljeni<br />

ali ukradeni kartici. Dodatne varno<strong>st</strong>ne omejitve so<br />

potrebne predvsem <strong>za</strong> terminske vozovnice z dodatnimi<br />

popu<strong>st</strong>i, kot <strong>st</strong>a dijaška in upokojenska.<br />

V primeru izgube ali kraje vredno<strong>st</strong>ne urbane, ki ni poimenska,<br />

vračilo pred izgubo ali krajo naloženih sred<strong>st</strong>ev<br />

ni mogoče, <strong>za</strong>to bo<strong>st</strong>e morali nanjo naložiti nova sred<strong>st</strong>va.<br />

Če kartico najdete, jo vrnite v eno od potniških blagajn<br />

LPP, ki se nahajata na Celovški ce<strong>st</strong>i 160 in Slovenski ce<strong>st</strong>i<br />

56.<br />

Pripravila: Irena Štrus<br />

11


UPUTSTVA ZA UPOTREBU KARTICE URBA-<br />

NA NA GRADSKIM AUTOBUSIMA U LJU-<br />

BLJANI<br />

TIP KARTICE<br />

1. VRIJEDNOSNA KARTICA<br />

Vrijednosna kartica <strong>za</strong>mijeniti će sadašnje žetone i gotovinu.<br />

Kartica je prijenosna pošto se ne izdaje na ime i žute je boje.<br />

Na nju možete naložiti novac u vrijedno<strong>st</strong>i od 1 do 50 EUR.<br />

Sa ovom karticom možete u roku 90 minuta od uplate vožnje<br />

pre<strong>st</strong>upati besplatno. Cijena jedne vožnje iznosi 0,80 EUR.<br />

2. TERMINSKA KARTICA<br />

Terminska kartica je izdana na ime i <strong>za</strong>mijeniti će sve vr<strong>st</strong>e<br />

sadašnjih mjesečnih karta. Nije prijenosna i zelene je boje.<br />

Na terminsko karticu možete umje<strong>st</strong>o mjesečne karte naložiti<br />

i novac, 1 do 50 EUR i upotrijebiti je kao žeton ili gotovinu.<br />

Ako je na terminskoj kartici naložena važeća mjesečna karta<br />

si<strong>st</strong>em će to uvažiti i neće oduzeti novac ali u suprotnom slučaju<br />

si<strong>st</strong>em će automatski oduzeti vrijedno<strong>st</strong> vožnje.<br />

KAKO MOŽETE SAMI DOBITI TERMINSKE KARTICE?<br />

1. ŠKOLSKA DJECA, ĐACI, STUDENTI<br />

U školi <strong>za</strong>molite <strong>za</strong> formular Potvrda o školovanju važeća <strong>za</strong><br />

školsku godinu 2009/2010 ili tekuću akademsku godinu i potvrđenog<br />

predajte gradskom prometu Javni prijevoz Ljubljana<br />

(LPP). Odrasli trebaju i lični dokument ili indeks fakulteta.<br />

2. BESPOSLENE OSOBE<br />

Za terminsku karticu Urbana i pravo na mjesečnu kartu imate<br />

popu<strong>st</strong> od 50% i trebate potvrdu Zavoda RS <strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong>pošljavanje<br />

da <strong>st</strong>e u evidenciji besposlenih osoba te ličnu kartu ili dokument.<br />

NAPLATA VOŽNJE ZA VIŠE OSOBA NA JEDNOJ KARTICI<br />

Vrijednosnom i terminskom karticom možete platiti vožnju <strong>za</strong><br />

više osoba i<strong>st</strong>odobno na jednoj kartici. To uradite kod šofera<br />

autobusa na posebnom terminalu – on će odabrati broj karata.<br />

Rok <strong>za</strong> pre<strong>st</strong>upanje je 90 minuta <strong>za</strong> sve koji putuju sa vama.<br />

GDJE MOŽETE PUNITI KARTICU?<br />

Prvo punjenje kad nabavite karticu je na blagajni LPP - Celovška<br />

ce<strong>st</strong>i 160 i Slovenska ce<strong>st</strong>a 56.<br />

U buduće kartice će se puniti in u v 120 trafika Dela Prodaje in<br />

3Dva Tobačna, u tri Turi<strong>st</strong>ičko-informacijska centra u Ljubljani<br />

(TIC), a po<strong>st</strong>avljeni će biti također i Urbanomati.<br />

Urbanomati ne vraćaju sitnog novca. Ako ne želite naložiti<br />

dodatni novac pripremite točan iznos!<br />

KAKO PLATITI VOŽNJU NA AUTOBUSU? (POSTUPAK<br />

VALIDIRANJA)<br />

Naplata vožnje je vrlo jedno<strong>st</strong>avna. Karticu jedno<strong>st</strong>avno približite<br />

u autobusu napravi <strong>za</strong> čitanje pored znaka ruke koja<br />

drži karticu (bez obzira sa koje <strong>st</strong>rane).<br />

12<br />

— Kod vrijednosne Urbane si<strong>st</strong>em će vam oduzeti 0,80 EUR<br />

znači važeći iznos jedne vožnje. Ako <strong>za</strong> 90 minuta idete<br />

na drugi autobus si<strong>st</strong>em će to samo <strong>za</strong>bilježiti a na ekranu<br />

naprave <strong>za</strong> čitanje pisati će pisati PRESTOP (TRANSFER).<br />

Na ekranu se vidi <strong>st</strong>anje na kartici koje mora biti i<strong>st</strong>o kao<br />

kod prve vožnje.<br />

— Kod terminske Urbane si<strong>st</strong>em samo provjeri dali je kartica<br />

važeća<br />

— Kod terminske Urbane na kojoj imate i<strong>st</strong>odobno i dodatna<br />

sred<strong>st</strong>va (kredit) si<strong>st</strong>em će prvo provjeriti dali imate važeću<br />

mjesečnu kartu i to primijeniti bez oduzimanja dodatnog<br />

novca. Ako na kartici nema mjesečne karte onda će<br />

vam si<strong>st</strong>em automatski oduzeti vrijedno<strong>st</strong> vožnje.<br />

Pripremila: Irena Štrus<br />

INSTURCTIONS FOR USING THE “URBANA”<br />

CARD ON THE LJUBLJANA CITY BUSES<br />

TYPES OF CARDS<br />

1. PAYMENT CARD<br />

It will replace the current bus tokens and cash. The card<br />

is transferable because it is not issued in the name of the<br />

holder and is yellow. It is possible to charge it with money<br />

from 1 to 50 EUR.<br />

In 90 minutes it is possible to change the bus line free of<br />

charge. The price of one trip is 0,80 EUR.<br />

2. FORWARD CARD<br />

It is issued in the name of the holder and will replace current<br />

monthly bus tickets. It is not transferable and is green.<br />

It is also possible to charge it with money from 1 to 50 EUR<br />

and use it as cash or bus token. If the forward card contains<br />

a valid monthly fare the sy<strong>st</strong>em will detect it and will not<br />

deduct money but if the card does not contain it the sy<strong>st</strong>em<br />

will deduct automatically the value of the trip.<br />

HOW TO GET FORWARD CARDS?<br />

1. SCHOOL CHILDREN, STUDENTS<br />

At your school ask for the form “Certificate on attending<br />

school” for the current academic year 2009/2010 and take<br />

it to the company Ljubljana Public Transport (LPP). You also<br />

need an ID or University Index.<br />

2. UNEMPLOYED<br />

For obtaining the forward card with the right to charge it<br />

with money the unemployed enjoy a 50% discount. You<br />

need the certificate on unemployment by the Employment<br />

Office RS and an ID.<br />

PAYMENT OF A TRIP FOR SEVERAL PERSONS WITH ONE<br />

CARD<br />

You can also pay your trip for several persons at the same<br />

time. You have to do it with the bus driver who will select the


desired number of tickets on the special terminal. Transfer<br />

deadline is 90 minutes for all those travelling with you.<br />

WHERE CAN YOU CHARGE THE CARD?<br />

On retiring the card at the LPP cash-box on Celovška ce<strong>st</strong>a<br />

160 in Slovenska ce<strong>st</strong>a 56.<br />

In the future you will be able to do it at all the 120 kiosks of<br />

Delo Prodaja and 3D Tobačna and the three Touri<strong>st</strong> Information<br />

Centres Ljubljana (TIC). The so called “Urbanomat” will<br />

also be gradually introduced.<br />

Urbanomat will not return the change. If you do not wish to<br />

charge the card with money prepare the exact amount!<br />

HOW TO PAY THE FARE ON THE BUS? (VALIDATION<br />

PROCEDURE)<br />

It is very simple. Press your card on the validation device<br />

near the hand holding Urbana card (no matter which side<br />

of the card).<br />

— Using the payment Urbana card the sy<strong>st</strong>em will deduct<br />

0,80 EUR therefore the value of one trip by bus. If you<br />

change the bus line in 90 minutes you will press the card<br />

again on the validating device and the sy<strong>st</strong>em will only<br />

confirm the transfer. The screen on the validating device<br />

will show only PRESTOP (TRANSFER) and the screen<br />

will also show the balance on your card that should be<br />

the same as the one when you took the fir<strong>st</strong> trip.<br />

— Using the forward Urbana card the sy<strong>st</strong>em will only<br />

check the validity of the card.<br />

— Using the forward card on which you will also have<br />

additional money (bonus) the sy<strong>st</strong>em will fir<strong>st</strong> check<br />

the validity of your monthly card in if this is the case no<br />

money will be deducted. If the sy<strong>st</strong>em finds there is no<br />

monthly bus fare on the card it will automatically deduct<br />

the price of the trip from the additional resources<br />

loaded on the card.<br />

Prepared by Irena Štrus<br />

Integracijski ukrep <strong>za</strong> begunce<br />

v Republiki Sloveniji<br />

O <strong>za</strong>četku si<strong>st</strong>emskega pri<strong>st</strong>opa k integraciji beguncev V<br />

Republiki Sloveniji lahko govorimo z uveljavitvijo Uredbe<br />

o pravicah in dolžno<strong>st</strong>ih beguncev v Republiki Sloveniji<br />

(Uradni li<strong>st</strong> RS, št. 33/2004), sprejete na podlagi Zakona<br />

o azilu (Uradni li<strong>st</strong> RS, št. 51/2006). Uredba je določila<br />

pomoči pri vključevanju v okolje:<br />

— triletno upravičeno<strong>st</strong> do pomoči pri vključevanju v<br />

okolje,<br />

— osebni integracijski načrt kot osnovo <strong>za</strong> izvajanje pomoči<br />

beguncem,<br />

— možno<strong>st</strong> učenja slovenskega jezika ter seznanjanja s<br />

slovensko zgodovino, kulturo in u<strong>st</strong>avno ureditvijo,<br />

— kritje <strong>st</strong>roškov <strong>za</strong> no<strong>st</strong>rifikacijo in izpite,<br />

— <strong>za</strong>časno denarno pomoč,<br />

— denarno nadome<strong>st</strong>ilo <strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong>sebno na<strong>st</strong>anitev,<br />

— informiranje o pravicah in dolžno<strong>st</strong>ih,<br />

— izenačenje v s slovenskimi državljani pri pravicah, ki izhajajo<br />

iz socialnega var<strong>st</strong>va, šolanja in izobraževanja,<br />

<strong>za</strong>poslovanja in dela ter brezplačne pravne pomoči.<br />

Na področju zdrav<strong>st</strong>venega var<strong>st</strong>va beguncev je uredba<br />

določila specifičen si<strong>st</strong>em zdrav<strong>st</strong>venega var<strong>st</strong>va v smislu,<br />

da so se <strong>st</strong>roški zdrav<strong>st</strong>venih <strong>st</strong>oritev plačevali direktno<br />

iz proračuna, torej begunci niso bili <strong>za</strong>varovanci v<br />

ob<strong>st</strong>oječem si<strong>st</strong>emu zdrav<strong>st</strong>venega <strong>za</strong>varovanja.<br />

Na podlagi Zakona o mednarodni <strong>za</strong>ščiti (Uradni li<strong>st</strong> RS, št.<br />

111/2007) je bila sprejeta Uredba o načinih in pogojih <strong>za</strong><br />

<strong>za</strong>gotavljanje pravic osebam z mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito (Uradni<br />

li<strong>st</strong>, RS, št. 67/2008), ki je določila načine in pogoje <strong>za</strong><br />

<strong>za</strong>gotavljanje pravic beguncev in oseb, ki jim je priznana<br />

subsidiarna <strong>za</strong>ščita. Uredba je določila:<br />

— pravico do pridobitve informacij,<br />

— možno<strong>st</strong> uveljavljanja denarnega nadome<strong>st</strong>ila <strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong>sebno<br />

na<strong>st</strong>anitev,<br />

— zdrav<strong>st</strong>veno var<strong>st</strong>vo,<br />

— socialno var<strong>st</strong>vo,<br />

— izobraževanje, <strong>za</strong>poslitev in delo,<br />

— pomoč pri integraciji <strong>za</strong> obdobje treh let od pridobitve<br />

<strong>st</strong>atusa,<br />

— na<strong>st</strong>anitev v integracijski hiši <strong>za</strong> obdobje enega leta<br />

od pridobitve <strong>st</strong>atusa,<br />

— na področju zdrav<strong>st</strong>venega var<strong>st</strong>va je uredba prinesla<br />

spremembo v si<strong>st</strong>emu zdrav<strong>st</strong>venega var<strong>st</strong>va beguncev.<br />

S 1. 1. 2009 so upravičeni do zdrav<strong>st</strong>venega var<strong>st</strong>va<br />

pod enakimi pogoji kot državljani Republike Slovenije,<br />

kar pomeni, da so vključeni v si<strong>st</strong>em zdrav<strong>st</strong>venega<br />

<strong>za</strong>varovanja. Sred<strong>st</strong>va <strong>za</strong> osnovno zdrav<strong>st</strong>veno <strong>za</strong>varovanje<br />

krije mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vo, pri<strong>st</strong>ojno <strong>za</strong> zdravje, Mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vo<br />

<strong>za</strong> <strong>notranje</strong> <strong>za</strong>deve pa krije <strong>st</strong>roške dopolnilnega<br />

13


14<br />

zdrav<strong>st</strong>venega <strong>za</strong>varovanja <strong>za</strong> ti<strong>st</strong>e osebe, ki so brez<br />

la<strong>st</strong>nih dohodkov in prejemkov.<br />

IZVAJANJE INTEGRACIJSKIH UKREPOV V SEKTORJU ZA<br />

INTEGRACIJO<br />

Celotna integracija temelji na individualnem pri<strong>st</strong>opu k<br />

vključevanju oseb s <strong>st</strong>atusom mednarodne <strong>za</strong>ščite. Temelji<br />

na svetovalcu, ki je dodeljen vsaki osebi po pridobitvi<br />

<strong>st</strong>atusa, in osebnem integracijskem načrtu, ki je osnova<br />

<strong>za</strong> izvajanje integracijskega procesa in vsebuje predvidene<br />

dejavno<strong>st</strong>i, ki so posamezniku v pomoč pri vključevanju<br />

v slovensko družbo. Pripravi se na podlagi potreb,<br />

znanj, zmožno<strong>st</strong>i in sposobno<strong>st</strong>i osebe z mednarodno<br />

<strong>za</strong>ščito.<br />

Posebna pozorno<strong>st</strong> je namenjena ranljivim osebam s posebnimi<br />

potrebami, zla<strong>st</strong>i otrokom, mladoletnikom brez<br />

sprem<strong>st</strong>va, invalidnim osebam, <strong>st</strong>arejšim, nosečnicam,<br />

roditeljem samohranilcem z otroki in žrtvam posil<strong>st</strong>va,<br />

mučenja ali drugih oblik psihičnega, fizičnega in spolnega<br />

nasilja, in sicer v skladu z Zakonom o mednarodni<br />

<strong>za</strong>ščiti. Za individualno ugotavljanje ob<strong>st</strong>oja posebnih<br />

potreb in ranljivo<strong>st</strong>i je bila pri mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vu u<strong>st</strong>anovljena<br />

posebna komisija.<br />

Ranljive kategorije oseb so lahko v integracijski hiši na<strong>st</strong>anjene<br />

po preteku enega leta, in sicer <strong>za</strong> čas trajanja<br />

razlogov, na podlagi katerih so bile opredeljene kot ranljive<br />

kategorije s posebnimi potrebami.<br />

Če na<strong>st</strong>anitev v integracijski hiši oziroma drugi na<strong>st</strong>anitveni<br />

zmogljivo<strong>st</strong>i mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>va ni primerna, mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vo v<br />

sodelovanju s pri<strong>st</strong>ojnimi organi osebi z mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito<br />

<strong>za</strong>gotovi drugo u<strong>st</strong>rezno na<strong>st</strong>anitev. Mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vo je<br />

do sedaj največkrat na podlagi mnenja komisije urejalo<br />

na<strong>st</strong>anitev v domovih <strong>za</strong> <strong>st</strong>arejše in v posebnih <strong>st</strong>anovanjskih<br />

skupinah, kamor so bili na<strong>st</strong>anjeni mladoletniki<br />

brez sprem<strong>st</strong>va.<br />

ODPRTJE INTEGRACIJSKIH HIŠ V LJUBLJANI IN MARI-<br />

BORU<br />

Kot ena temeljnih ovir pri uspešni integraciji beguncev se<br />

je od <strong>za</strong>četka izvajanja integracijskih ukrepov poka<strong>za</strong>la<br />

<strong>za</strong>gotovitev u<strong>st</strong>rezne in finančno do<strong>st</strong>opne <strong>za</strong>sebne na<strong>st</strong>anitve,<br />

zla<strong>st</strong>i v <strong>za</strong>četnem obdobju po pridobitvi <strong>st</strong>atusa<br />

begunca. Zato je bila ena predno<strong>st</strong>ih nalog mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>va<br />

na področju integracije beguncev v Republiki Sloveniji<br />

vzpo<strong>st</strong>avitev integracijskih hiš, ki pred<strong>st</strong>avljajo obliko<br />

<strong>za</strong>časne na<strong>st</strong>anitve beguncev.<br />

Z la<strong>st</strong>nimi sred<strong>st</strong>vi in sred<strong>st</strong>vi ERF je mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vo vzpo<strong>st</strong>avilo<br />

dve integracijski hiši, in sicer v Ljubljani in Mariboru.<br />

V Integracijski hiši Ljubljana je lahko v treh <strong>st</strong>anovanjskih<br />

enotah na<strong>st</strong>anjenih od 12 do 15 oseb, v integracijski<br />

hiši v Mariboru, vzpo<strong>st</strong>avljeni v delu objekta, v katerem<br />

sicer deluje na<strong>st</strong>anitveni center <strong>za</strong> bivše osebe z <strong>za</strong>časnim<br />

<strong>za</strong>točiščem, pa do 45 oseb.<br />

INTEGRACIJSKE DEJAVNOSTI V OKVIRU ERF<br />

V letnih programih Evropskega sklada <strong>za</strong> begunce 2008<br />

do 2013 bo mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vo izpeljalo naslednje programe pomoči<br />

pri integraciji oseb z mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito (v okviru<br />

vseh letnih programov):<br />

— učenje slovenskega jezika in seznanjanje s slovensko<br />

zgodovino, kulturo in u<strong>st</strong>avno ureditvijo v vseh<br />

letnih programih,<br />

— pomoč na področju učnih pomoči, <strong>st</strong>roškov šolanja<br />

in izobraževanja ter psihosocialne pomoči,<br />

— osveščanje javno<strong>st</strong>i o begunski problematiki in programe<br />

medkulturnega dialoga,<br />

— programe, usmerjene na področje izobraževanja, <strong>za</strong>poslovanja<br />

in dela oseb z mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito,<br />

— pomoč pri na<strong>st</strong>anitvi oseb z mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito,<br />

— <strong>za</strong>gotavljanje sred<strong>st</strong>ev <strong>za</strong> kritje <strong>st</strong>roškov zdrav<strong>st</strong>vene<br />

oskrbe oseb z mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito.<br />

Za sofinanciranje projektov bo mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vo v skladu z določili<br />

Zakona o javnih financah, Pravilnika o po<strong>st</strong>opkih <strong>za</strong><br />

izvrševanja proračuna Republike Slovenije ter na podlagi<br />

Odločbe Komisije o določitvi pravil objavilo javni razpis<br />

<strong>za</strong> nevladne in druge organi<strong>za</strong>cije.<br />

Za Glas azila povzela: Tamara Antonaz Pogorevc


INTEGRACIJSKE MJERE ZA IZBJEGLICE U<br />

REPUBLICI SLOVENIJI<br />

O početku si<strong>st</strong>ematskog pri<strong>st</strong>upa prema integraciji izbjeglica<br />

u Sloveniji možemo govoriti tek poslije primjene Uredbe o<br />

pravima i dužno<strong>st</strong>ima izbjeglica u Sloveniji (Službeni li<strong>st</strong> RS,<br />

br. 33/2004) primljene na osnovu Zakona o azilu (Službeni<br />

li<strong>st</strong> RS, br. 51/2006), koja određuje pomoć u integraciji u<br />

društvenu okolinu:<br />

— tri godišnji period prava na integracijsku pomoć,<br />

— osobni integracijski plan kao osnova <strong>za</strong> izvođenje pomoći<br />

izbjeglicama,<br />

— mogućno<strong>st</strong> učenja slovenskog jezika i upoznavanja slovenske<br />

hi<strong>st</strong>orije, kulture i u<strong>st</strong>avnog poretka,<br />

— pokrivanje troškova no<strong>st</strong>rifikacije diploma i ispita,<br />

— privremena novčana pomoć,<br />

— novčana kompen<strong>za</strong>cija <strong>za</strong> privatni smještaj,<br />

— informiranje o pravima i dužno<strong>st</strong>ima,<br />

— izjednačenje sa slovenskim državljanima u smislu prava<br />

koja se odnose na socijalno blago<strong>st</strong>anje, školovanje, <strong>za</strong>poslenje,<br />

rad i besplatnu pravnu pomoć.<br />

Na području zdrav<strong>st</strong>vene skrbi Uredba određuje poseban si<strong>st</strong>em<br />

zdrav<strong>st</strong>vene skrbi u tom smislu da se troškovi zdrav<strong>st</strong>venih<br />

usluga pokrivaju direktno iz proračuna znači da izbjeglice<br />

nisu osigurane osobe u po<strong>st</strong>ojećem si<strong>st</strong>emu zdrav<strong>st</strong>venog<br />

osiguranja.<br />

Na osnovu Zakona o međunarodnoj <strong>za</strong>štiti (Službeni li<strong>st</strong> br.<br />

111/2007) primljena je Uredba o načinu i oslovima osiguranja<br />

prava osoba pod međunarodnom <strong>za</strong>štitom (Službeni li<strong>st</strong><br />

RS br. 67/2008) koja definira sljedeće načine i oslove što se<br />

tiče izbjeglica i osoba pod subsidiarnom <strong>za</strong>štitom:<br />

— pravo na informiranje,<br />

— mogućno<strong>st</strong> novčane kompen<strong>za</strong>cije <strong>za</strong> privatni smještaj,<br />

— zdrav<strong>st</strong>vena skrb,<br />

— socijalna skrb,<br />

— obrazovanje, <strong>za</strong>poslenje i rad,<br />

— integracijska pomoć u periodu tri godine poslije odobrenja<br />

<strong>st</strong>atusa,<br />

— smještaj u integracijskoj kući u periodu godine dana poslije<br />

odobrenja <strong>st</strong>atusa,<br />

— na području zdrav<strong>st</strong>vene skrbi Uredba donosi izmjene u si<strong>st</strong>emu<br />

zdrav<strong>st</strong>vene skrbi <strong>za</strong> izbjeglice. Od 1.1.2009 imaju<br />

pravo na zdrav<strong>st</strong>venu skrb pod jednakim uvjetima kao slovenski<br />

državljani što znači da su uključeni u si<strong>st</strong>em zdrav<strong>st</strong>venog<br />

osiguranja. Sred<strong>st</strong>va osnovnog zdrav<strong>st</strong>va pokriva<br />

Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>vo <strong>za</strong> zdravlje a Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>vo unutrašnjih poslova<br />

troškove dopunskog osiguranja <strong>za</strong> osobe bez vla<strong>st</strong>itog<br />

dohotka ili primanja.<br />

IZVOĐENJE INTEGRACIJSKIH MJERA U SEKTORU ZA<br />

INTEGRACIJU<br />

Čitava integracija temelji na individualnom pri<strong>st</strong>upu uključivanja<br />

osoba pod međunarodnom <strong>za</strong>štitom preko savjetnika<br />

<strong>za</strong> izbjeglice, koji se dodjeli svakoj osobi poslije odobrenja<br />

<strong>st</strong>atusa i na osobnom integracijskom planu koji je osnova <strong>za</strong><br />

izvođenje procesa integracije i sadrži aktivno<strong>st</strong>i koje pojedincu<br />

pomaže u integraciji u slovensku <strong>za</strong>jednicu. Plan se pripremi<br />

na osnovu potreba, znanja i mogućno<strong>st</strong>i te sposobno<strong>st</strong>i<br />

osobe pod međunarodnom <strong>za</strong>štitom.<br />

Posebna pozorno<strong>st</strong> važi <strong>za</strong> ranjive osobe pogotovo djeci, maloljetne<br />

osobe bez pratnje, osobe sa posebnim potrebama,<br />

invalide, <strong>st</strong>arije osobe, noseće žene, samačke roditelje s djecom<br />

i <strong>za</strong> žrtve silovanja, mučenja i drugih oblika psihičkog<br />

fizičkog ili spolnog nasilja. Za individualnu identifikaciju ranjivih<br />

grupa Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>vo je sa<strong>st</strong>avilo posebnu komisiju.<br />

Ranjive kategorije osoba mogu o<strong>st</strong>ati u integracijskoj kući<br />

poslije godinu dana dok traju razlozi zbog kojih su bile definirane<br />

kao ranjive ili osobe sa posebnim potrebama.<br />

Ako smještaj u integracijski kući ili drugom objektu Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>va<br />

nije adekvatan, Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>vo u suradnji sa drugim<br />

kompetentnim organima osobi pod međunarodnom <strong>za</strong>štitom<br />

nađe drugi povoljan smještaj. Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>vo je do sada u najviše<br />

slučaja na osnovu mišljenja komisije sredilo smještaj u<br />

<strong>st</strong>aračkim domovima ili u posebnom smještaju <strong>za</strong> maloljetne<br />

osobe bez pratnje.<br />

OTVORENJE INTEGRACIJSKIH KUĆA U LJUBLJANI I MARI-<br />

BORU<br />

Kao jedna od prepreka na putu uspješne integracije izbjeglica<br />

od početka primjene integracijskih mjera poka<strong>za</strong>o se povoljan<br />

in novčano do<strong>st</strong>upan privatni smještaj pogotovo na početku<br />

poslije odobrenja <strong>st</strong>atusa izbjeglice. Zbog toga je bio jedan<br />

od prioriteta Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>va bilo otvorenje integracijskih kuća u<br />

Sloveniji, kao privremeni oblik smještaja izbjeglica.<br />

Pomoću vla<strong>st</strong>itih sred<strong>st</strong>ava i ERF uspo<strong>st</strong>avljene su dvije integracijske<br />

kuće, jedna u Ljubljani i jedna u Mariboru.<br />

Kuća u Ljubljani ima tri <strong>st</strong>ana <strong>za</strong> 12 do 15 osoba a druga u<br />

Mariboru nalazi se u zgradi centra <strong>za</strong> bivše osobe sa privremenom<br />

<strong>za</strong>štitom i može primiti do 45 osoba.<br />

INTEGRACIJSKE AKTIVNOSTI U OKVIRU ERF<br />

U godišnjim programima Europskog fonda <strong>za</strong> izbjeglice 2008<br />

do 2013 Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>vo izvodi sljedeće programe pomoći <strong>za</strong> integraciju<br />

izbjeglica (u okviru svih godišnjih programa):<br />

— učenje slovenskog jezika i informiranje o slovenskoj hi<strong>st</strong>oriji,<br />

kulturi i u<strong>st</strong>avnom poretku,<br />

— pomoć kod učenja u školi, troškovi školovanja i psiho-socijalna<br />

pomoć,<br />

— informiranje javno<strong>st</strong>i o izbjegličkim problemima i programi<br />

među-kulturnog dijaloga,<br />

— programi na području obrazovanja <strong>za</strong>poslenja i rada <strong>za</strong><br />

izbjeglice,<br />

— pomoć u vezi smještaja izbjeglica,<br />

— programi sred<strong>st</strong>va <strong>za</strong> pokrivanje troškova zdrav<strong>st</strong>vene skrbi.<br />

Za financiranje projekata Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>vo će objaviti javni raspis<br />

<strong>za</strong> nevladine i druge organi<strong>za</strong>cije prema Zakonu o javnom financiranju,<br />

Pravilniku o izvođenju proračuna Slovenije in na<br />

osnovu Uredbe o Komisiji <strong>za</strong> definiranje propisa.<br />

Za Glas azila sažetak napravila: Tamara Antonaz Pogorevc<br />

15


INTEGRATION MEASURES FOR REFUGEES<br />

IN THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA<br />

We can speak about the beginning of a sy<strong>st</strong>emic approach<br />

to the refugee integration in Slovenia after the application<br />

of the Regulation on Rights and Obligations of Refugees in<br />

the Republic of Slovenia (Official Gazette RS no. 33/2004)<br />

adopted on the basis of he Asylum Act (Official Gazette RS<br />

no. 51/2006). The Regulation determined the assi<strong>st</strong>ance in<br />

integrating into the social environment:<br />

— Three year period of time of the entitlement to integration<br />

assi<strong>st</strong>ance,<br />

— Personal integration plan as the basis for implementing<br />

the assi<strong>st</strong>ance to refugees,<br />

— Possibility of learning Slovene language and receiving<br />

information on the Slovene culture, hi<strong>st</strong>ory and con<strong>st</strong>itutional<br />

order,<br />

— Covering the co<strong>st</strong>s of no<strong>st</strong>rification and exams,<br />

— Temporary financial aid,<br />

— Financial compensation for private housing,<br />

— Information on rights and obligations,<br />

— Equation with Slovene citizens in terms of rights arising<br />

from social welfare, education, training, employment<br />

and work, as well as legal aid free of charge.<br />

As regards the medical care of the refugees the Regulation<br />

determined a specific health care sy<strong>st</strong>em meaning that the<br />

co<strong>st</strong>s of medical services were paid for directly from the national<br />

budget. The refugees were therefore not medical insurance<br />

holders in the exi<strong>st</strong>ing medical insurance sy<strong>st</strong>em.<br />

By virtue of the International Protection Act (Official gazette<br />

RS no. 111/2007) the Regulation on Manners and<br />

Conditions for ensuring the Rights of Persons under International<br />

Protection (Official Gazette RS no. 67/2008) was<br />

adopted defining the manners and conditions of ensuring<br />

the rights of refugees and persons granted subsidiary protection,<br />

namely:<br />

— Right to information,<br />

— Possibility of applying financial compensation for private<br />

housing,<br />

— Health care,<br />

— Social welfare,<br />

— Education, employment and work,<br />

— Integration assi<strong>st</strong>ance for three years after the <strong>st</strong>atus<br />

has been granted,<br />

— Accommodation in the integration house for the period<br />

of one year after the <strong>st</strong>atus has been<br />

— granted<br />

— As to medical care the Regulation brought about a<br />

change in the sy<strong>st</strong>em of health care for refugees. As of<br />

1.1.2009 they are entitled to medical care under the<br />

same terms as Slovene citizens meaning that they are<br />

included in the medical insurance sy<strong>st</strong>em. The resources<br />

for basic medical insurance are covered by the mini<strong>st</strong>ry,<br />

responsible for health whereas the Mini<strong>st</strong>ry of the Interior<br />

covers the expenses for additional or supplemen-<br />

16<br />

tary medical insurance for those persons who have no<br />

income or means of subsi<strong>st</strong>ence.<br />

IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATION MEASURES IN THE IN-<br />

TEGRATION DIVISION<br />

The entire integration process is based on an individual approach<br />

to integrating persons under international protection.<br />

An integration counsellor is designated for every person<br />

after he or she has been granted the <strong>st</strong>atus and a personal<br />

integration plan is elaborated which in turn serves as<br />

the basis for implementing integration processes. The plan<br />

contains the envisaged activities that help the individual<br />

integrate in Slovene society. It is prepared according to the<br />

person’s needs, knowledge, abilities and capabilities.<br />

A particular attention is paid to vulnerable groups and persons<br />

with special needs, above all children, unaccompanied<br />

minors, handicapped persons, elderly people, pregnant<br />

women, single parents with children and victims of rape,<br />

torture and other forms of mental, physical and sexual<br />

violence. They are offered particular care and attention in<br />

line with the International Protection Act. For the purposes<br />

of individual vulnerability assessment the Mini<strong>st</strong>ry e<strong>st</strong>ablished<br />

a special commission.<br />

Vulnerable categories may be accommodated in the integration<br />

house after the expiry of one year, namely for the<br />

duration of reasons for which they were identified as vulnerable<br />

groups or persons with special needs.<br />

If the accommodation in the integration house or another<br />

accommodation facility of the Mini<strong>st</strong>ry is not suitable, the<br />

Mini<strong>st</strong>ry – in cooperation with other competent authorities<br />

– provides another adequate housing. SO far the Mini<strong>st</strong>ry,<br />

based on the commission’s opinion, has mainly provided<br />

accommodation in retirement homes and special neighbourhoods<br />

for unaccompanied minors.<br />

OPENING OF INTEGRATION HOUSES IN LJUBLJANA AND<br />

MARIBOR<br />

Since the beginning of implementing the integration measures<br />

one of the main ob<strong>st</strong>acles for a successful integration<br />

was the provision of adequate and financially affordable<br />

private housing particularly in the initial period after the<br />

<strong>st</strong>atus was granted. One of the Mini<strong>st</strong>ry’s priorities was<br />

therefore the e<strong>st</strong>ablishment of integration houses in Slovenia<br />

as a form of temporary accommodation for refugees.<br />

Using its own means and the ERF resources the Mini<strong>st</strong>ry organised<br />

two integration houses, namely in Ljubljana and<br />

Maribor.<br />

The house in Ljubljana has three units where 12 to 15 persons<br />

can be accommodated whereas the one in Maribor is<br />

located in a part of the building which used to be the reception<br />

centre for former temporary protected persons and has<br />

the capacity of up to 45 persons.<br />

INTEGRATION ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE ERF<br />

According to the annual programmes of the European<br />

Refugee Fund 2008 to 2013 the Mini<strong>st</strong>ry will implement


the following refugee integration assi<strong>st</strong>ance programmes<br />

(within all the annual programmes):<br />

— Learning Slovene language and information on Slovene<br />

hi<strong>st</strong>ory, culture and con<strong>st</strong>itutional order,<br />

— Assi<strong>st</strong>ance in <strong>st</strong>udy help, co<strong>st</strong>s of education and training<br />

as well as psycho-social assi<strong>st</strong>ance,<br />

— Public awareness raising about refugee issues and inter-cultural<br />

dialogue programmes,<br />

— Programmes aimed at education, employment and<br />

work for persons enjoying international protection,<br />

Pandemska gripa<br />

Pandemska gripa je akutna okužba dihal, ki jo povzroča<br />

virus gripe A (H1N1)v. Ker se naš imunski si<strong>st</strong>em do<br />

zdaj še ni srečal z virusom pandemske gripe, je verjetno<strong>st</strong><br />

okužbe večja, kot pri sezonski gripi. Pričakujemo<br />

lahko, da bo <strong>za</strong>to v kratkem času zbolelo veliko število<br />

ljudi. Konec marca in v <strong>za</strong>četku aprila 2009 so na ameriški<br />

celini odkrili prve primere okužbe ljudi z virusom<br />

gripe A (H1N1)v. Novi virus se je <strong>za</strong>čel širiti tudi na<br />

druge celine, <strong>za</strong>to je Svetovna zdrav<strong>st</strong>vena organi<strong>za</strong>cija<br />

(SZO) 11. junija 2009 razglasila 6. <strong>st</strong>opnjo pandemske<br />

pripravljeno<strong>st</strong>i.<br />

Pandemska gripa se širi na enak način kot običajna<br />

sezonska gripa, največkrat kapljično. Kužne kapljice<br />

se prenašajo s kašljanjem, kihanjem ali govorjenjem,<br />

lahko pa se okužimo tudi z dotikanjem onesnaženih<br />

površin. Virus na naših rokah preživi zelo kratek čas,<br />

vendar ga v tem času, če nismo pazljivi, lahko prek<br />

oči, nosu ali u<strong>st</strong> vnesemo v telo. Zato je <strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong>ščito zelo<br />

pomembno odgovorno ravnanje, upoštevati moramo<br />

u<strong>st</strong>rezne higienske navade.<br />

Virus pandemske gripe se prenaša enako kot virus sezonske<br />

gripe:<br />

— s kužnimi kapljicami, ki na<strong>st</strong>ajajo pri kašljanju,<br />

kihanju, govorjenju;<br />

— z neposrednim tesnim <strong>st</strong>ikom z obolelim (npr.<br />

poljubljanje, objemanje);<br />

— s posrednim <strong>st</strong>ikom preko onesnaženih površin<br />

in predmetov (jedilni pribor, ko<strong>za</strong>rci, kljuke,<br />

telefonske slušalke …).<br />

Pandemska gripa povzroča enake bolezenske znake kot<br />

sezonska gripa, razlikuje pa se v številu obolelih, ki je<br />

pri pandemski gripi bi<strong>st</strong>veno višje. Po do zdaj znanih<br />

podatkih bi lahko <strong>za</strong> pandemsko gripo zbolelo od 25<br />

do 30 od<strong>st</strong>otkov prebival<strong>st</strong>va. Podatki tudi kažejo, da<br />

je smrtno<strong>st</strong> višja kot pri običajni gripi, in sicer v ZDA<br />

— Assi<strong>st</strong>ance in the area of accommodation for refugees,<br />

— Provision of resources to cover the co<strong>st</strong>s of medical care<br />

for persons under international protection.<br />

In line with the provisions of the Public Finances Act, Rules<br />

on Procedures for implementing the Budget of the Republic<br />

of Slovenia and based on the Commission’s Decision on defining<br />

the Rules, the Mini<strong>st</strong>ry will announce a public tender<br />

open to non-governmental and other organisations for the<br />

purposes of co-funding the above projects.<br />

Author of ab<strong>st</strong>ract for “Glas Azila”: Tamara Antonaz Pogorevc<br />

znaša 0, 4 od<strong>st</strong>otka, v Veliki Britaniji pa 0,3 od<strong>st</strong>otka.<br />

Večina smrtnih primerov je bila posledica <strong>za</strong>pletov pri<br />

ljudeh z drugimi kroničnimi boleznimi (pljučne, srčno-žilne<br />

…). Bolnik je najbolj kužen na <strong>za</strong>četku bolezni.<br />

Kužno<strong>st</strong> se s trajanjem bolezni zmanjšuje in po<br />

7 dneh praviloma preneha. Manjši otroci in imunsko<br />

oslabljeni ljudje so kužni nekoliko dlje.<br />

OGROŽENE SKUPINE<br />

Za večino ljudi je pandemska gripa le blaga bolezen,<br />

saj si večina brez posebnega zdravljenjenja opomore<br />

v tednu dni. Zado<strong>st</strong>uje, da počivajo, uživajo <strong>za</strong>do<strong>st</strong>i<br />

tekočine in jemljejo zdravila <strong>za</strong> lajšanje težav ob gripi<br />

(vročine, bolečin v mišicah, žrelu, <strong>za</strong>mašenega nosu<br />

in kašlja).<br />

Povečano tveganje <strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong>plete imajo:<br />

1. bolniki s kroničnimi boleznimi, kot so<br />

— kronična bolezen dihal (vključno z a<strong>st</strong>mo, kronično<br />

ob<strong>st</strong>ruktivno pljučno boleznijo);<br />

— kronična srčno-žilno bolezen (izjema je povišan<br />

krvni pritisk brez okvare notranjih organov, ki ne<br />

pomeni povečanega tveganja <strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong>plete gripe);<br />

— kronična ledvična bolezen (predvsem odpoved ledvic);<br />

— kronično jetrno okvaro;<br />

— sladkorna bolezen, ki se zdravi z zdravili <strong>za</strong> diabetes;<br />

— oslabljen imunski si<strong>st</strong>em <strong>za</strong>radi bolezni ali zdravljenja<br />

z zdravili, ki slabijo imuno<strong>st</strong> (npr. kemoterapevtiki,<br />

kortiko<strong>st</strong>eroidi, biološka zdravila);<br />

— nevrološka bolezen, <strong>za</strong>radi katere je pri<strong>za</strong>deto delovanje<br />

pljuč (predvsem slabo izkašljevanje).<br />

2. ljudje, <strong>st</strong>arejši od 65 let<br />

3. nosečnice<br />

4. otroci, mlajši od 2 let<br />

17


Svetujemo, da se bolniki s povečanim tveganjem, ko<br />

zbolijo z gripo, po telefonu posvetujejo s svojim ali<br />

dežurnim zdravnikom.<br />

PREPOZNAJTE SIMPTOME<br />

Zelo pomembno je, da prepoznamo glavne bolezenske<br />

znake pandemske gripe. Le tako bomo znali pravočasno<br />

in u<strong>st</strong>rezno ukrepati ter preprečiti njeno nadaljnje<br />

širjenje.<br />

Bolezen poteka s podobnimi znaki in simptomi kot<br />

običajna, sezonska gripa: povišana telesna temperatura,<br />

mrazenje, suh kašelj, bolečine v žrelu, <strong>za</strong>mašen<br />

nos ali izcedek iz nosu, bolečine v mišicah in ko<strong>st</strong>eh,<br />

glavobol, utrujeno<strong>st</strong>, bruhanje, driska.<br />

Večina ljudi si tudi brez posebnega zdravljenja opomore<br />

v tednu dni. Poročajo tudi o težjem poteku bolezni<br />

s pljučnico, z odpovedjo dihanja in s smrtnim izidom.<br />

Podobno kot okužba z virusom sezonske gripe tudi<br />

okužba s pandemsko gripo poslabša osnovno, kronično<br />

bolezen. Praviloma je oseba kužna, ko se pokažejo<br />

tipični bolezenski znaki in do sedem dni po <strong>za</strong>četku<br />

bolezni. Mlajši otroci in imunsko oslabljeni so kužni<br />

dlje časa, kar pomeni, da je izločanje virusa daljše.<br />

PREVENTIVA<br />

Širjenje okužbe z novim virusom gripe lahko zmanjšamo,<br />

če upoštevamo nekaj osnovnih napotkov.<br />

Pogo<strong>st</strong>o umivanje rok je najučinkovitejša <strong>za</strong>ščita.<br />

Roke si vedno umijemo po kašljanju, kihanju, brisanju<br />

nosu in dotikanju onesnaženih površin, s katerimi je<br />

bilo v <strong>st</strong>iku veliko ljudi. Roke si vsaj 20 sekund temeljito<br />

umivamo z milom in speremo s toplo vodo. Roke<br />

obrišemo s papirnato ali tek<strong>st</strong>ilno brisačo <strong>za</strong> enkratno<br />

uporabo in z njo <strong>za</strong>premo pipo.<br />

Kadar nimamo možno<strong>st</strong>i umivanja rok (na potovanju),<br />

so učinkoviti tudi robčki z alkoholnim razkužilom, s<br />

katerimi si temeljito obrišemo roke.<br />

Z rokami se ne dotikamo oči, nosu in u<strong>st</strong>. Okužba se<br />

pogo<strong>st</strong>o širi tako, da si z dotikanjem različnih onesnaženih<br />

površin virus sami vnesemo v telo.<br />

Ko kihnemo ali <strong>za</strong>kašljamo, si u<strong>st</strong>a ali nos prekrijemo s<br />

papirnatim robčkom, ki ga takoj po uporabi varno odvržemo<br />

v najbližji koš. Če papirnatega robčka nimamo,<br />

lahko kihnemo ali <strong>za</strong>kašljamo v zgornji del rokava.<br />

Izogibamo se tesnim <strong>st</strong>ikom z ljudmi, ki imajo znake<br />

bolezni. Osebi, ki ima znake bolezni, se ne približamo<br />

na manj kot en meter.<br />

Če pri sebi opazimo bolezenske znake pandemske<br />

gripe, o<strong>st</strong>anemo doma in pokličemo izbranega<br />

zdravnika, ki nam bo svetoval, kako ravnati.<br />

18<br />

Cepljenje je najbolj priporočljivo <strong>za</strong> ti<strong>st</strong>e, ki imajo<br />

povečano tveganje <strong>za</strong> težak potek gripe in <strong>za</strong>plete.<br />

To so otroci, mlajši od dveh let, ljudje, <strong>st</strong>arejši od 65<br />

let, nosečnice in kronični bolniki.<br />

Cepljenje proti novi gripi v Sloveniji poteka po predhodnem<br />

naročilu, predno<strong>st</strong> imajo kronični bolniki.<br />

ŠVICA ODSVETUJE<br />

Državam Evropske unije (EU) je Evropska agencija <strong>za</strong><br />

zdravila, ki je zbrala obširno dokumentacijo o kakovo<strong>st</strong>i,<br />

učinkovito<strong>st</strong>i in varno<strong>st</strong>i cepiva, dala dovoljenje<br />

<strong>za</strong> uporabo cepiva. Švica, ki ni v EU, mora tovr<strong>st</strong>no<br />

dokumentacijo pridobiti na svoj način. Brez dokazov<br />

o učinkovito<strong>st</strong>i, varno<strong>st</strong>i in kakovo<strong>st</strong>i ne morejo svetovati<br />

cepljenja otrok, nosečnic in <strong>st</strong>arejših. Države<br />

EU pa v svojih priporočilih <strong>za</strong> cepljenje svetujejo tudi<br />

cepljenje tega dela prebival<strong>st</strong>va.<br />

Željka Kovačević<br />

LES PRINCIPES DU COMPORTEMENT DES INDIVI-<br />

DUS POUR ÉVITER TOUTE EXPANSION DU VIRUS<br />

DE LA NOUVELLE GRIPPE<br />

Que peut faire un individu?<br />

Prenant en considération les bonnes habitudes hygiéniques<br />

et les mesures élémentaires de prévention, chacun peut réduire<br />

essentiellement la possibilité de contamination et la<br />

transmission de la maladie.<br />

Mesures de prévention<br />

La transmission de l’infection peut être évitée:<br />

• Par l’hygiène de la toux : quand vous toussez ou éternuez,<br />

couvrez votre bouche et le nez par le mouchoir et<br />

après l’usage, jetez-le dans la poubelle;<br />

• Si vous n’avez pas de mouchoir, toussez ou éternuez<br />

dans la partie supérieure de votre manche et jamais dans<br />

la main;<br />

• Ne touchez pas la bouche, les yeux et le nez par vos<br />

mains;<br />

• Lavez vos mains souvent avec du savon et de l’eau chaude<br />

(surtout quand elles sont visiblement sales, avant les<br />

repas, après utiliser la toilette, après arriver à la maison,<br />

après utiliser le transport publique, après sortir d’un<br />

lieu public etc.. s’il n’e<strong>st</strong> pas possible de vous laver les<br />

mains, la désinfection e<strong>st</strong> recommandée);<br />

• Désinfectez vos mains (un liquide ou gelée e<strong>st</strong> plus efficace<br />

que les mouchoirs trempés dans un moyen de désinfection);<br />

• Evitez les contacts avec les gens qui pourraient être malade;<br />

• Evitez les locaux où il y a trop de gens;<br />

• Si vous vous sentez mal et montrez les symptômes de la<br />

grippe, n’allez pas au travail;


• Si vous avez les symptômes de la grippe prenez la di<strong>st</strong>ance<br />

d’un mètre envers les autres ;<br />

• Prenez toutes les mesures de précaution ci-dessus aussi<br />

lorsque vous voyagez. L’Organisation Mondiale de<br />

la Santé (OMS) ne recommande aucune re<strong>st</strong>riction de<br />

voyage. Nous conseillons aux voyageurs de respecter les<br />

in<strong>st</strong>ructions générales hygiéniques.<br />

• Après arriver chez vous de l’étranger observez votre santé<br />

pendant 7 jours et si vous voyez les signes d’une maladie<br />

qui ressemble la grippe, appelez immédiatement votre<br />

médecin;<br />

• En ce qui concerne le traitement de la maladie par un<br />

médicament anti-virus, consultez votre médecin. Prendre<br />

le médicament sans aucune indication n’e<strong>st</strong> pas raisonnable.<br />

Usage excessif du médicament peut causer la rési<strong>st</strong>ance<br />

du virus et réduire ainsi l’ efficacité du médicament.<br />

• La vaccination e<strong>st</strong> la mesure la plus efficace, mais la vaccine<br />

contre le virus de la nouvelle grippe n’e<strong>st</strong> pas encore<br />

disponible.<br />

Sources: In<strong>st</strong>itut de la Protection de la Santé de la République<br />

de Slovénie, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS),<br />

Centre Européen de Prévention et de Contrôle des Maladies<br />

(ECDC)<br />

Željka Kovačević<br />

PRINCIPLES OF INDIVIDUAL’S BEHAVIOUR IN<br />

ORDER TO PREVENT THE SWINE INFLUENZA VI-<br />

RUS FROM SPREADING:<br />

What can an individual do?<br />

By considering the good hygienic practice and basic preventive<br />

measures, every individual can considerably reduce<br />

the possibility of contamination and disease transmission.<br />

Preventive measures<br />

The transmission of infection can be prevented as follows:<br />

• Coughing hygiene: when you cough or sneeze cover<br />

your mouth by a handkerchief and throw it later away<br />

in the du<strong>st</strong>bin;<br />

• If you have no handkerchief, cough and sneeze in the<br />

upper part of your sleeve and not in your hand;<br />

• Do not touch your mouth, eyes and nose with your<br />

hands;<br />

• Wash your hands often with soap and warm water (always<br />

when the are visibly dirty, before eating, after using<br />

the toilet, after coming home, after using public<br />

means of transport (bus), after <strong>st</strong>aying in public places<br />

etc.. If it is not possible to wash your hands, disinfection<br />

is recommended;<br />

20<br />

• Disinfect your hands (a liquid disinfector or jelly is far<br />

more efficient than handkerchiefs soaked in a disinfector);<br />

• Avoid contacts with persons that might be ill;<br />

• Avoid <strong>st</strong>aying in overcrowded places;<br />

• If you do not fee well or show symptoms of influen<strong>za</strong>,<br />

do not go to work;<br />

• If you show symptoms of influen<strong>za</strong>, keep 1 metre di<strong>st</strong>ance<br />

from other people.<br />

• Apply all the above protection measures also when you<br />

travel. The World Health Organisation does not recommend<br />

any re<strong>st</strong>rictions as regards travelling. We sugge<strong>st</strong><br />

all passengers to observe general hygienic in<strong>st</strong>ructions.<br />

• After arriving home from abroad, examine your health<br />

for 7 days. If you have symptoms of a disease similar to<br />

swine influen<strong>za</strong> call your doctor immediately;<br />

• Consult your doctor about the treatment with anti-virus<br />

medication. It is pointless to take the medicine if there<br />

are no indications. Any excessive use of the medication<br />

may result in the resi<strong>st</strong>ance of the virus and therefore<br />

reduces the efficiency of the medication.<br />

• The mo<strong>st</strong> efficient measure is vaccination, but the anti<br />

swine influen<strong>za</strong> vaccine is not yet available.<br />

Source: National In<strong>st</strong>itute of Public Health of the Republic<br />

of Slovenia, World Health Organisation (WHO), European<br />

Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)<br />

<br />

<br />

Željka Kovačević


Sveti Miklavž ali sveti Nikolaj<br />

Sveti Miklavž ili Sveti Nikola<br />

Saint Miklavž or Saint Nicholas<br />

SVETI MIKLAVŽ ALI SVETI NIKOLAJ<br />

Miklavž je prvi izmed treh dobrih decembrskih dedkov,<br />

ki obdarujejo otroke. Velja <strong>za</strong> enega najbolj priljubljenih<br />

svetnikov in čudodelnika. Praznovanje se je preneslo<br />

tudi v Ameriko, kjer pa je dobil povsem novo podobo.<br />

Ameriški Santa Claus oziroma po naše Božiček je<br />

prav<strong>za</strong>prav sv. Miklavž.<br />

Nekoč so otroci na predvečer godu sv. Miklavža (s 5. na<br />

6. december) po običaju po<strong>st</strong>avili krožnike na okenske<br />

police. Miklavž je otrokom nosil orehe, jabolka, suho<br />

sadje, pecivo. Danes otroci pričakujejo drugačna darila,<br />

a še vedno so med darili tudi sladkarije in čokoladni<br />

Miklavži ter hudički.<br />

Vsako leto Miklavž skupaj s svojimi spremljevalci – angeli<br />

in hudiči hodi po vasi ali me<strong>st</strong>u, od hiše do hiše in<br />

obiskuje otroke. Njegovi najbolj glasni spremljevalci<br />

– hudički so grozljivega vide<strong>za</strong> in v otrocih vzbujajo<br />

<strong>st</strong>rah. Prav to je tudi njihova naloga – pre<strong>st</strong>rašiti in<br />

kaznovati poredne otroke, da bi bili v prihodnjem letu<br />

čim bolj pridni. Pridne otroke Miklavž obdaruje, poredni<br />

pa dobijo šibo.<br />

• Domovanje: Miklavž je svetnik in prihaja k nam iz<br />

nebes.<br />

• Datum: Otroke obdaruje 6. decembra zjutraj.<br />

• Oblačila: Miklavž je bil škof, <strong>za</strong>to je oblečen v škofovska<br />

liturgična oblačila, na glavi ima škofovsko<br />

kapo, v roki pa škofovsko palico.<br />

• Sprem<strong>st</strong>vo: Spremljajo ga angeli in parklji (hudiči).<br />

• Prevoz: Miklavž prihaja k nam peš ali na saneh (ki<br />

pa jih ne vlečejo severni jeleni, pač pa konjska vprega).<br />

DEDEK MRAZ<br />

Dedek Mraz je prišel k nam v času komunizma, ko <strong>st</strong>a<br />

bila prepovedana (ali vsaj ne<strong>za</strong>želena) tradicionalni krščanski<br />

sveti Miklavž in ameriški Božiček. Dedek Mraz<br />

temelji na ruskih legendah. Vse otroke ima zelo rad in<br />

ne dela razlik med njimi. Vsi dobijo enaka darila.<br />

Glavne la<strong>st</strong>no<strong>st</strong>i dedka Mra<strong>za</strong>:<br />

• Domovanje: Pod Triglavom.<br />

• Datum: Otroke obdaruje pred novim letom ali<br />

(predvsem doma) na novoletno jutro.<br />

• Oblačila: Oblečen je v ovčji krznen plašč s slovenskimi<br />

vzorci, v roki ima sprehajalno palico, na glavi<br />

pa polhovko.<br />

• Sprem<strong>st</strong>vo: Ponavadi nima spremljevalcev, lahko<br />

pa ga spremljajo palčki.<br />

• Prevoz: Pripelje se s sanmi (s konjsko vprego).<br />

BOŽIČEK<br />

Božiček je novodobna mitološka osebno<strong>st</strong>, ki obdaruje<br />

otroke v noči pred božičem (s 24. na 25. december).<br />

Lik Božička se je razvil v Združenih državah Amerike na<br />

podlagi skandinavskih izročil o praznovanju svetega<br />

Miklavža. Svojo zunanjo podobo je dobil iz reklamne<br />

akcije <strong>za</strong> Coca-Colo. V preteklo<strong>st</strong>i v Sloveniji Božiček<br />

v zgoraj pred<strong>st</strong>avljeni obliki sploh ni bi znan, na božič<br />

so Slovenci praznovali dan Jezusovega roj<strong>st</strong>va. Pozneje<br />

vera ni bila <strong>za</strong>želena v javno<strong>st</strong>i, <strong>za</strong>to tudi javno<br />

praznovanje božiča ni bilo dovoljeno. Edini mitološki<br />

dobrotnik, ki ga je komuni<strong>st</strong>ična obla<strong>st</strong> dovoljevala, je<br />

bil iz Rusije uvoženi dedek Mraz. Ob razpadu Jugoslavije<br />

so k nam prišli vsi ameriški komercialni prazniki,<br />

vključno z ameriškim božičem in Božičkom. V <strong>za</strong>dnjih<br />

letih je Božiček razširjen zla<strong>st</strong>i med neverujočimi, sveti<br />

Miklavž pa med verujočimi Slovenci (na dedka Mra<strong>za</strong><br />

se spomnijo samo še v šolah in vrtcih).<br />

Od Miklavža in dedka Mra<strong>za</strong> se Božiček loči zla<strong>st</strong>i po<br />

naslednjih la<strong>st</strong>no<strong>st</strong>ih:<br />

• Domovanje: Božiček <strong>st</strong>anuje na severnem tečaju<br />

(ali na skrajnem severu Skandinavije).<br />

• Datum: Božiček obdaruje otroke na božično jutro<br />

– 25. decembra.<br />

• Oblačila: Oblečen je v škratovska oblačila rdeče<br />

barve z belo krzneno obrobo.<br />

• Sprem<strong>st</strong>vo: Spremljajo ga škrati.<br />

• Prevoz: Pripelje se s sanmi, ki jih po zraku vlečejo<br />

severni jeleni.<br />

Uredila Majda Polanc<br />

21


SVETI MIKLAVŽ ILI SVETI NIKOLA<br />

Miklavž je prvi između tri dobra decembarska djeda koji djeci<br />

nose darove. Smatra se <strong>za</strong> jednog od najpopularnijih svetca i<br />

ljudi, koji <strong>st</strong>varaju čuda. Taj praznik preselio se u Ameriku ali<br />

je tamo dobio sasvim nov oblik. Američki Santa Claus odnosno<br />

Božicek kako se zove kod nas je u <strong>st</strong>vari Sveti Miklavž.<br />

Nekada su djeca na večer imendana Sv. Miklavža (od 5. na 6.<br />

decembar) prema običaju <strong>st</strong>avili tanjure na prozore. U prošlo<strong>st</strong>i<br />

je Miklavž donosio djeci orahe, jabuke, suho voće i pecivo.<br />

Danas djeca očekuju druge darove ali so među njima još<br />

uvijek posla<strong>st</strong>ice i Miklavži od čokolade ili mali vragovi<br />

Svake godine Miklavž <strong>za</strong>jedno s pratiocima – anđelima i vragovima<br />

ide po selima i gradovima od kuće do kuće i obilazi<br />

djecu. Njegovi najglasniji pratioci su mali vragovi grozno<br />

izgledaju in plaše djecu. A to je i njihov <strong>za</strong>datak – uplašiti i<br />

kazniti nepri<strong>st</strong>ojnu djecu, di bila sljedeće godina dobra. Dobru<br />

djecu Miklavž nagrađuje a nepri<strong>st</strong>ojnu čeka kazna.<br />

• Dom: Miklavž je svetac in kod nas dolazi s neba.<br />

• Datum: Djeci donosi darove 6. decembra ujutro.<br />

• Odjeća: Miklavž je bio biskup što znači da nosi biskupske<br />

odore a na glavi biskupsku kapu i u ruci biskupsku palicu.<br />

• Pratnja: Prate ga anđeli i vragovi<br />

22<br />

• Prijevoz: Miklavž dolazi pješke ili se vozi u sanjkama (koje<br />

ne vuku sjeverni jeleni nego konji).<br />

DJEDA MRAZ<br />

Djeda Mraz je došao kod nas <strong>za</strong> vrijeme komunizma, do so<br />

bili <strong>za</strong>branjeni (ili barem ne željeni) tradicionalni hrišćanski<br />

Sveti Miklavž i američki Santa Claus. Djeda Mraz temelji na<br />

ruskoj legendi. Voli svu djecu i među njima ne pravi razlike<br />

tako da svima donosi jednake darove.<br />

Glavne osobine Djeda Mra<strong>za</strong> su:<br />

• Dom: pod Triglavom.<br />

• Datum: Djeci donosi darove pre nove godine ili (prije svega<br />

kod kuće) ujutro na dan nove godine.<br />

• Odjeća: Nosi kaput od ovčjeg krzna sa slovenskim ukrasima<br />

i u ruci nosi štap a na glavi kapu od krzna puha (takozvana<br />

„polhovka“).<br />

• Pratnja: Po običaju nema pratnje ali ponekad ga prate<br />

patuljci.<br />

• Prijevoz: Dolazi sanjkama (koje vuku konji.<br />

BOŽICEK ILI SANTA CLAUS<br />

Božicek je moderna mitološka lično<strong>st</strong> koja nosi djeci darove<br />

prije Božića (od 24. na 25. decembar). Njegov lik je razvijen<br />

u Americi na osnovu skandinavskih saga o prazniku svetog


Nikole ili Miklavža. Njegov izgled potiče iz reklame <strong>za</strong> Koka<br />

Kolu. U Sloveniji u prošlo<strong>st</strong>i u tom obliku uopće nije bio poznat<br />

- Slovenci so na Božić slavili dan rođenja Isusa Kri<strong>st</strong>a.<br />

Kasnije u javno<strong>st</strong>i vjera nije bila željena pa tako nije bilo dozvoljeno<br />

javno slaviti Božić u bilom kojem obliku. Jedini mitološko<br />

dobročinitelj koje je komuni<strong>st</strong>ička vla<strong>st</strong> dozvoljavala<br />

bio je Djeda Mraz uvožen iz Rusije. Poslije raspada Jugoslavije<br />

dolaze svi američki komercijalni praznici uključujući Santa<br />

Claus. U posljednjim godinama Božicek je omiljen među<br />

atei<strong>st</strong>ima a Sveti Miklavž među slovenskim vjernicima (Djeda<br />

Mra<strong>za</strong> sjete se samo u školama i vrtićima).<br />

Od Miklavža i Djeda Mra<strong>za</strong> Božicek se razlikuje na slijedeće<br />

načine:<br />

• Dom: Živi na Sjevernom Polu (ili krajnjem sjeveru Skandinavije)<br />

• Datum: Božicek nosi darove <strong>za</strong> Božić (ujutro – na dan 25.<br />

decembra).<br />

• Odjeća: Nosi odjeću patuljka crvene boje sa rubom od bijelog<br />

krzna.<br />

• Pratnja: Prate ga patuljci.<br />

• Prijevoz: Dolazi sanjkama il ga po zraku vuku sjeverni jeleni.<br />

Uredila Polanc Majda<br />

SAINT MIKLAVŽ OR SAINT NICHOLAS<br />

Miklavž is one of the three good December grandfathers who<br />

give presents to children. He is regarded as one of the mo<strong>st</strong><br />

popular saints and a miracle maker. The celebrations moved<br />

from Europe also to America where he got a completely new<br />

image. The American Santa Claus or the Slovenian Božiček<br />

is actually St. Miklavž (Nicholas).<br />

On the eve of St. Miklavž’ s name day (from 5 to 6 December)<br />

the children would usually put plates on the window<br />

shelves. In the pa<strong>st</strong> St. Miklavž brought the children wall<br />

nuts, apples, dry fruit and cakes. Today, children expect different<br />

presents but <strong>st</strong>ill they receive also sweets, chocolate<br />

Miklavž and little devils.<br />

Every year Miklavž and his escort – angels and devils – goes<br />

from village to village and town to town, from house to<br />

house visiting children. His loude<strong>st</strong> companions are devils.<br />

They look horrible and children are sometimes afraid<br />

of them. This is precisely their task – to scare and punish<br />

naughty children who should be better in the following<br />

year. Miklavž gives presents to good children whereas the<br />

naughty ones are punished.<br />

• Home: Miklavž is a saint and comes from heaven.<br />

• Date: He gives presents to children on December 6 in<br />

the morning.<br />

• Clothes: Miklavž was a bishop, so he wears bishop’ s liturgical<br />

clothes, the bishop’ s mitre on the head and the<br />

pa<strong>st</strong>oral <strong>st</strong>aff in his hand;<br />

• Escort: He is accompanied by angels and devils<br />

• Transport: Miklavž comes on foot or on a sleigh (but it is<br />

not drawn by rain deer but common horses).<br />

DEDEK MRAZ – GRANDFATHER “FROST”<br />

“Dedek Mraz” came to our country in the communism era at<br />

the time when the traditional Saint Miklavž and the American<br />

Santa Claus were prohibited (or at lease undesired)<br />

Grandfather Fro<strong>st</strong> has his origins in Russian legends and<br />

loves all the children without making any differences. All<br />

children therefore receive the same presents.<br />

The main characteri<strong>st</strong>ics of Grandfather Fro<strong>st</strong> are:<br />

• Home: under the Triglav - Slovenia.<br />

• Date: He gives presents to children before the Ney Year’s<br />

Eve (especially at home) or in the morning of the New<br />

Year’s Day.<br />

• Clothes: He wears a sheep’s fur coat with Slovene ornaments,<br />

has a walking <strong>st</strong>ick in his hand and the doormouse<br />

fur hat on the head<br />

• Escort: Usually he is unaccompanied but sometimes he<br />

comes in the company of dwarves.<br />

• Transport: He travels on a sleigh (drawn by horses).<br />

BOŽIČEK – SANTA CLAUS<br />

Santa Claus is a modern mythological personality who gives<br />

presents to children in the night before Chri<strong>st</strong>mas( from 24<br />

to ). The image of Santa was developed in the United States<br />

of America based on Scandinavian heritage regarding the<br />

celebrations of Saint Nicholas. His image is the result of the<br />

Coca Cola promotion campaign. In Slovenia Santa Claus as<br />

such was not even known in the pa<strong>st</strong> – at Chri<strong>st</strong>mas time the<br />

Slovenians celebrated the birth of Jesus Chri<strong>st</strong>. Later the<br />

religion became undesired in public therefore Chri<strong>st</strong>mas<br />

fe<strong>st</strong>ivities were not allowed in any form. The only mythological<br />

benefactor permitted by the communi<strong>st</strong> authorities<br />

was the Russian imported Grandfather Fro<strong>st</strong>. After the disintegration<br />

of the former Yugoslavia all the American commercial<br />

holidays came to Slovenia, including Santa Claus.<br />

In the recent years Santa Claus has become popular particularly<br />

with athei<strong>st</strong>s whereas Saint Miklavž is appreciated by<br />

the Slovenian believers (Father Fro<strong>st</strong> is remembered only in<br />

schools and kindergartens).<br />

Santa Claus differs from Miklavž and Grandfather Fro<strong>st</strong> especially<br />

as regards the following characteri<strong>st</strong>ics:<br />

• Home: Santa Claus lives on the North Pole (extreme<br />

north of Scandinavia<br />

• Date: Santa brings presents to children in the Chri<strong>st</strong>mas<br />

morning – 25 December<br />

• Clothes: He is dressed like a dwarf – red clothes with<br />

white fur bordure.<br />

• Escort: He is accompanied by dwarves.<br />

• Transport: He travels on a sleigh drawn by rain deer in<br />

the air.<br />

Editor: Polanc Majda<br />

23


24<br />

<br />

Dragi otroci,<br />

spoštovani <strong>st</strong>arši,<br />

doma ne more nič nadome<strong>st</strong>iti.<br />

Pa vendar bomo veseli,<br />

če se bo<strong>st</strong>e med nami<br />

še naprej počutili prijetno in varno.<br />

V prihajajočem letu<br />

naj se vam izpolnijo vse najlepše želje,<br />

tako v šoli<br />

kot v vašem trenutnem domu.<br />

Veliko miru in vse dobro vam želim.<br />

Katarina Kresal,<br />

mini<strong>st</strong>rica <strong>za</strong> <strong>notranje</strong> <strong>za</strong>deve


Draga djeco, poštovani roditelji,<br />

Ništa ne može <strong>za</strong>mijeniti dom. Ali ipak ćemo<br />

biti sretni ako ćete se još dalje među nama<br />

osjećati prijatno i sigurno. U godini koja<br />

dolazi neka vam se ispune sve najljepše želje<br />

tako u školi kao kod kuće. Želim vam puno<br />

mira i sve dobro.<br />

Katarina Kresal<br />

Mini<strong>st</strong>rica <strong>za</strong> unutarnje poslove<br />

<br />

<br />

Dear children, di<strong>st</strong>inguished parents,<br />

Nothing can replace the home. We will<br />

nevertheless be glad if you continue to feel safe<br />

and nice among us. May all your wonderful wishes<br />

in the coming New Year become true both at<br />

school and at home. I wish you plenty of peace<br />

and all the be<strong>st</strong>.<br />

Katarina Kresal<br />

Mini<strong>st</strong>er of the Interior<br />

<br />

25


Ugotavljanje ranljivo<strong>st</strong>i in nudenje<br />

pomoči osebam s posebnimi<br />

potrebami in delo z njimi<br />

Projekta Pomoč pri na<strong>st</strong>anitvi in oskrbi prosilcev <strong>za</strong><br />

mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito v Azilnem domu in Ugotavljanje<br />

ranljivo<strong>st</strong>i in nudenje pomoči osebam s posebnimi<br />

potrebami in delo z njimi, financirana iz sred<strong>st</strong>ev Evropskega<br />

sklada <strong>za</strong> begunce in sred<strong>st</strong>ev Mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>va <strong>za</strong><br />

<strong>notranje</strong> <strong>za</strong>deve, smo <strong>za</strong>čeli izvajati v Azilnem domu s<br />

1. septembrom 2009.<br />

Izvajalec projektov je podjetje Arx, ki je bilo izbrano<br />

na javnem razpisu. Pri projektih sodelujejo različni<br />

posamezniki, z različnimi <strong>st</strong>rokovnimi znanji in izkušnjami.<br />

KRATEK OPIS PROGRAMA UGOTAVLJANJE RAN-<br />

LJIVOSTI IN NUDENJE POMOČI OSEBAM S POSEB-<br />

NIMI POTREBAMI IN DELO Z NJIMI<br />

Namen programa je ugotavljanje ranljivo<strong>st</strong>i in izvajanje<br />

ukrepov, s katerimi bomo ranljivim osebam s<br />

posebnimi potrebami pomagali, in sicer z izvajanjem<br />

u<strong>st</strong>reznih individualnih in skupinskih psihoterapevtskih<br />

obravnav.<br />

Program posveča posebno pozorno<strong>st</strong> prepoznavanju<br />

žrtev posil<strong>st</strong>va, mučenja in drugih oblik fizičnega in<br />

psihičnega nasilja, diagno<strong>st</strong>iciranju po<strong>st</strong>travmatskega<br />

<strong>st</strong>resnega sindroma in <strong>za</strong>gotavljanju<br />

u<strong>st</strong>rezne pomoči<br />

v vseh prepoznavnih oblikah<br />

nasilja ter ugotavljanju <strong>st</strong>opnje<br />

njihove ranljivo<strong>st</strong>i.<br />

Program je celovit in <strong>za</strong>jema<br />

več delovnih področij:<br />

a) <strong>za</strong>gotavljanje individualne<br />

in skupinske psihološke in<br />

psihoterapev<strong>st</strong>ke pomoči,<br />

s poudarkom na suportivni<br />

ekspresivni tehniki, s katero<br />

skušamo rešiti aktualne<br />

psihične <strong>st</strong>iske.Vsak teden<br />

<strong>st</strong>a prisotna dva sodelavca<br />

– psihoterapevt in psihiater,<br />

in sicer ob petkih<br />

med 10. in 14. uro. K njima<br />

26<br />

prihajajo prosilci na individualni pogovor, ki ima<br />

terapev<strong>st</strong>ko in diagno<strong>st</strong>ično vredno<strong>st</strong>, saj z njim<br />

diagno<strong>st</strong>icirajo tudi morebitni psihiatrični tretman<br />

ali napotitev na pri<strong>st</strong>ojno specializirano u<strong>st</strong>anovo.<br />

Vsak teden potekajo tudi timski se<strong>st</strong>anki s <strong>st</strong>rokovnimi<br />

delavci Azilnega doma, kjer se dogovarjamo<br />

o načinih dela s prosilci in skupaj naredimo plan<br />

dela s posameznimi prosilci;<br />

b) organiziranje in vodenje terapevtskih delavnic z<br />

izobraževalno in svetovalno vsebino. Znotraj tega<br />

sklopa potekajo delavnice o prepoznavanju <strong>st</strong>resa<br />

in tehnikah <strong>za</strong> njegovo obvladovanje, delavnice o<br />

komunikaciji, delavnice o <strong>st</strong>aršev<strong>st</strong>vu, vsebine s<br />

področja nege telesa in higiene, nalezljivih bolezni,<br />

aidsu;<br />

c) program izvajanja vrtca: s poudarkom na sociali<strong>za</strong>ciji<br />

otrok in spoznavanje otrok s slovenskim jezikom.<br />

Program poteka vsak dan od ponedeljka do petka, od<br />

15. do 17.ure. Vsebuje pa:<br />

— umetniško izražanje: razvijanje otrokove u<strong>st</strong>varjalno<strong>st</strong>i,<br />

inovativno<strong>st</strong>i s pomočjo plesnih, likovnih,<br />

glasbenih in dramskih dejavno<strong>st</strong>i


— področje psihomotorike: vsakodnevno skrbimo <strong>za</strong><br />

gibalne dejavno<strong>st</strong>i na igrišču ali pa v pro<strong>st</strong>oru vrtca<br />

— slovenski jezik in izražanje skozi besedo: vsakodnevno<br />

branje pravljic, učenje pesmic in pripovedovanje<br />

zgodbic, uporaba knjižnega slovenskega<br />

jezika v vseh vodenih dejavno<strong>st</strong>ih<br />

— delo z družino: v delo so na poseben način vključeni<br />

tudi <strong>st</strong>arši, saj so ves čas dosegljivi in lahko<br />

pridejo pogledat svoje otroke. Tako se u<strong>st</strong>varja tudi<br />

prijetno ozračje <strong>za</strong> razgovore o njihovi vzgoji in dilemah,<br />

ki jih pri tem imajo.<br />

Program vključuje tudi letovanje med poletnimi počitnicami,<br />

skupaj s <strong>st</strong>arši.<br />

Mateja Vidrih - ARX<br />

PREZENTACIJA PROJEKTA: IDENTIFIKACI-<br />

JA RANJIVOSTI IN NUĐENJE POMOĆI OSO-<br />

BAMA SA POSEBNIM POTREBAMA I RAD<br />

SA NJIMA.«<br />

Projekti » Pomoć <strong>za</strong> smještaj i opskrbu molioca <strong>za</strong> međunarodnu<br />

<strong>za</strong>štitu u Azilnom domu« i »Identifikacija ranjivo<strong>st</strong>i te<br />

nuđenje pomoći osobama sa posebnim potrebama i rad sa<br />

njima« financiraju se u Azilnom domu sred<strong>st</strong>vima Europskog<br />

Fonda <strong>za</strong> Izbjeglice i Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>va <strong>za</strong> unutrašnje poslove. Počeli<br />

smo ih izvoditi od 1. septembra 2009 dalje.<br />

Izvođač je poduzeće Arx odabrano na javnom raspisu a sudjeluju<br />

i različiti pojedinci sa svojim <strong>st</strong>ručnim znanjem i isku<strong>st</strong>vima.<br />

U ovom broju »Glasa azila” pred<strong>st</strong>avljamo vam ukratko naše<br />

aktivno<strong>st</strong>i na području »Identifikacije ranjivo<strong>st</strong>i in nuđenja<br />

pomoći osobama sa posebnim potrebama i rada sa njima.«<br />

Cilj programa je identificirati ranjivo<strong>st</strong> in poduzimanje mjera<br />

<strong>za</strong> nuđenje pomoći tim osobama preko adekvatnih individualnih<br />

ili grupnih psihoterapeutskih tretmana.<br />

Posebna pažnja je usmjerena na žrtve silovanja, mučenja i<br />

drugih oblika psihološkog i fizičkog nasilja, dijagno<strong>st</strong>iciranje<br />

po<strong>st</strong>-traumatskog <strong>st</strong>resnog sindroma in nuđenje pomoći u svim<br />

oblicima nasilja te određivanje <strong>st</strong>epena njihove ranjivo<strong>st</strong>i.<br />

Program je cjelokupan i sa<strong>st</strong>oji se od više područja. Aktivno<strong>st</strong>i<br />

su sljedeće:<br />

a) Individualna i grupna psihološka i terapeutska pomoć<br />

uz naglas na potporni ekspresivni tehnici <strong>za</strong> rješavanje<br />

akutnih psihičkih problema.Svaki tjedan su prisutna dva<br />

suradnika petkom od 10.00 do 14.00 sati, psihoterapeut<br />

in psihijatar. Njima dolaze molioci na individualne razgovore<br />

kojih osobine su terapeutske i dijagno<strong>st</strong>ičke jer se na<br />

taj način odredi dijagno<strong>za</strong> ili eventualni tretman ili upućenje<br />

na specijalnu u<strong>st</strong>anovu ili kliniku. Svaki tjedan su i<br />

timski sa<strong>st</strong>anci sa <strong>st</strong>ručnim suradnicima Azilnog doma na<br />

kojih se debatira o načinu rada i <strong>za</strong>jedničkom planu rada<br />

<strong>za</strong> individualne primjere.<br />

b) Organiziranje in vođenje terapeutskih radionica <strong>za</strong> obrazovanje<br />

i savjetovanje. Tu se izvode radionice <strong>za</strong> prepoznavanje<br />

<strong>st</strong>resa in tehnika <strong>za</strong> kontroliranje <strong>st</strong>resa, radionice<br />

<strong>za</strong> komunikaciju, roditelj<strong>st</strong>vo i osobnu higijenu,<br />

<strong>za</strong>razne bole<strong>st</strong>i i SIDA<br />

c) Program dječji vrtić: socijali<strong>za</strong>cija djece i učenje djetetu<br />

<strong>st</strong>ranog jezika - slovenskog.<br />

Program je svaki dan od ponedjeljka do petka, od 15.00 do<br />

17.00 sati i uključuje sljedeća područja:<br />

— Umjetnički izraz i razvoj dječje kreativno<strong>st</strong>i, inovativno<strong>st</strong>i<br />

pomoću plesnih, likovnih, i glazbenih te dramskih aktivno<strong>st</strong>i;<br />

— Područje psihomotornih sposobno<strong>st</strong>i: svakodnevno kretanje<br />

na dječjem igralištu i u pro<strong>st</strong>orijama vrtića;<br />

— Slovenski jezik i izraz pomoću riječi: svakodnevno čitanje<br />

bajki, učenje pjesmica i pričanje priča te upotreba knjižnoga<br />

slovenskog jezika u svim aktivno<strong>st</strong>ima;<br />

— Rad sa porodicama: na poseban način su uključeni roditelji<br />

pošto su u Domu <strong>za</strong> vrijeme vrtića i tako mogu posjetiti<br />

svoju djecu. Time na<strong>st</strong>aje prijatna atmosfera <strong>za</strong> razgovore<br />

i obrazovanje te dilema koje su prisutne.<br />

Program uključuje i ljetovanje jedan put godišnje <strong>za</strong> vrijeme<br />

ljetnog školskog raspu<strong>st</strong>a <strong>za</strong>jedno sa roditeljima.<br />

Mateja Vidrih - ARX<br />

PRESENTATION OF THE PROJECT: “ESTAB-<br />

LISHING THE VULNERABILITY AND PRO-<br />

VIDING ASSISTANCE TO PERSONS WITH SPE-<br />

CIAL NEEDS AND WORKING WITH THEM«<br />

The projects » Assi<strong>st</strong>ance in accommodation and care for<br />

international protection applicants in Asylum Centre« and<br />

»E<strong>st</strong>ablishing vulnerability and providing assi<strong>st</strong>ance to persons<br />

with special needs and working with them«, funded by<br />

the European Refugee Fund and the Mini<strong>st</strong>ry of the Interior<br />

were begun in Asylum Centre as of 1 September 2009.<br />

The operator of these projects is the company Arx selected<br />

following a public tender. The participants of the project<br />

are also various individuals with various knowledge, experiences<br />

and expertise.<br />

In this issue of »The Voice of Asylum” we are briefly presenting<br />

our activities in the area of “E<strong>st</strong>ablishing the vulnerability<br />

and providing assi<strong>st</strong>ance to persons with special<br />

needs and working with them”.<br />

The purpose of the programme is to e<strong>st</strong>ablish vulnerability<br />

and take measures so that the vulnerable persons with special<br />

needs will be provided with the assi<strong>st</strong>ance through adequate<br />

individual or group psychotherapeutic treatments.<br />

A particular attention is paid to identifying victims of torture,<br />

rape and other forms of psychological and physical<br />

violence, diagnosing the po<strong>st</strong> traumatic <strong>st</strong>ress disorder<br />

(PTSD) and providing relevant assi<strong>st</strong>ance in all the identified<br />

cases involving violence and the identification of their<br />

vulnerability degree.<br />

27


The programme is comprehensive and includes the following<br />

activities:<br />

a) Individual and group psychological and psychotherapeutic<br />

assi<strong>st</strong>ance focusing on a supportive expressive<br />

technique in order to alleviate current psychological<br />

anxiety. Every week there are two colleagues on Fridays<br />

from 10.00 to 14.00 h, a psychiatri<strong>st</strong> and a therapi<strong>st</strong>.<br />

They are visited by applicants for interviews whose value<br />

is therapeutic and diagno<strong>st</strong>ic because they also determine<br />

the diagnosis and the relevant psychiatric treatment<br />

or refer the patients to the competent in<strong>st</strong>itution<br />

or clinic. Every week there are also team meetings with<br />

experts from Asylum Centre during which we discuss the<br />

manners of working with applicants and elaborate common<br />

plans with individuals.<br />

b) Organisation and management of therapeutic workshops<br />

for counselling and education or training. These<br />

include the identification of <strong>st</strong>ress, workshops on communication,<br />

parenthood, personal hygiene, contagious<br />

diseases, AIDS…<br />

Jaz sem Badraa<br />

Zovem se Badraa<br />

My name is Badraa<br />

28<br />

c) Kindergarten programme: focused on socialisation of<br />

children and learninh a foreign language – Slovene language.<br />

The programme runs from Monday to Friday - 15.00 do<br />

17.00 h – covering the following areas:<br />

— Arti<strong>st</strong>ic expression and development of child’s creativity<br />

and innovation through dancing, arts, music and theatre<br />

— Psycho-motor aspects – exercising in the playground<br />

and kindergarten room<br />

— Slovene language expression through words: reading<br />

<strong>st</strong>ories, learning poems, telling <strong>st</strong>ories, use of the literal<br />

Slovene language in all activities<br />

— Work with family: parents are also integrated in a special<br />

way because they can be reached so that they can<br />

visit their children. This creates a warm atmosphere for<br />

talks and discussions about their upbringing and solving<br />

the dilemmas.<br />

The programme includes also spending holidays once a year<br />

in summer together with the parents.<br />

Mateja Vidrih - ARX<br />

Zovem se Badraa. Prezivam se Tseren. Dolazim iz<br />

Mongolije ali sada živim u Sloveniji u Ljubljani. Star<br />

sam 40 godina. Moja adresa je Ce<strong>st</strong>a v Gorice 15. Ponedjeljak<br />

ujutro u pola sedam dižem se i oblačim,<br />

15 minuta do osam idem u kupaonicu i tamo se tuširam,<br />

operem i obrišem. U osam idem u trpe<strong>za</strong>riju<br />

gdje je doručak. Poslije podne malo se odmaram i<br />

gledam televiziju. Poslije podne u jedan idem na tečaj<br />

i učim. U pola tri idem u sobu a onda u centar<br />

gdje vozim biciklu i gledam. U pet sati dolazim kući,<br />

onda u pola še<strong>st</strong> jedem večeru a petnae<strong>st</strong> minuta do<br />

še<strong>st</strong> idem u sobu. Na večer u sobi radim na kompjuteru<br />

ili čitam knjigu. U devet idem u kino. U jedanae<strong>st</strong><br />

idem u kupatilo, onda se umijem, obrišem i u pola<br />

dvanae<strong>st</strong> odem na spavanje a poslije toga sanjam…<br />

My name is Badraa. My surname is Tseren. I am from<br />

Mongolia but now I am living in Slovenia in Ljubljana.<br />

I am 40 years old. My address is Ce<strong>st</strong>a v Gorice<br />

15.<br />

On Monday morning at six thirty I go to the bathroom,<br />

take a shower, wash myself and dry. At eight<br />

I go to the dining room where I have my breakfa<strong>st</strong>.<br />

In the afternoon I re<strong>st</strong> a little and watch television.<br />

In the afternoon at one o’clock I attend courses<br />

and learn. At two thirty I go to my room and then<br />

to the centre where I ride my bicycle. At five I come<br />

home and then at five thirty I have my supper and<br />

at fifteen to six I return to my room. In the evening<br />

I work on my computer or read books. At nine I go<br />

to cinema. At eleven I go to the bathroom and wash<br />

up. At eleven thirty I go to bed and then I dream…


Najboljše <strong>za</strong>upanje<br />

Pravo povjerenje<br />

Be<strong>st</strong> tru<strong>st</strong><br />

Sedel sem na <strong>st</strong>rehi koče mojega očeta, ki jo je zgradil<br />

z la<strong>st</strong>nimi rokami in gledal dol. Oče se mi je nasmehnil<br />

in rekel: »Skoči dol k meni, ujel te bom.« Zaupal sem<br />

mu in <strong>st</strong>oril, kot je rekel. Ko sem skočil se je umaknil in<br />

s koleni sem <strong>za</strong>del kamen ter si hudo izpahnil koleno.<br />

Pu<strong>st</strong>il me je tam samega brez pomoči in rekel:<br />

»BODI PAMETEN SIN MOJ IN NOBENEMU NE ZAUPAJ<br />

RAZEN SAMEMU SEBI!«<br />

Moje življenjske izbire<br />

Moj životni izbor<br />

Options in my life<br />

Nekega dne lani poleti sem sedel pred hišo sredi me<strong>st</strong>a<br />

v Nigeriji. Približal se mi je nek tujec in me vprašal:<br />

»ALI SI TI KINGSLEY?« Nisem hotel nobenih težav. Rekel<br />

sem mu, da nisem. »SREČO IMAŠ, DA NISI.« je rekel<br />

moški. »Kingsley je obsojen na smrt. Obsodbo so izrekli<br />

botri iz me<strong>st</strong>a. Obrnil sem se in odšel <strong>st</strong>ran.<br />

Na srečo sem se znašel na <strong>za</strong>hodni polobli sveta z občutkom,<br />

da sem premagal smrt. Ampak moji rešitelji<br />

so me <strong>za</strong>vrnili z možno<strong>st</strong>jo, da grem na<strong>za</strong>j domov ali<br />

pa v <strong>za</strong>por. Potem sem se vprašal: »ALI NAJ OSTANEM<br />

IN POSTANEM JETNIK V TUJI DEŽELI ALI SE VRNEM V<br />

DOMOVINO, KJER ME NENEHNO ČAKA SMRT.«<br />

Nekog dana lani na ljeto sjeo sam ispred kuće u centru moga<br />

grada u Nigeriji. Dođe neki <strong>st</strong>ranac i pita me: „DALI SE TI<br />

ZOVEŠ KINGSEY?“ Nisam htio imati nikakvih problema. Kažem<br />

mu da nisam. „IMAŠ SREĆE ŠTO NISI.“ kaže muškarac.<br />

„Kingsley je osuđen na smrt a presudu su izrekli kumovi iz<br />

grada.“ Okrenuo sam se i otišao.<br />

Na sreću našao sam se na <strong>za</strong>padnoj <strong>st</strong>rani ovog svijeta sa<br />

osjećanjem da sam savladao smrt. Ali moji spasitelji su me<br />

Bio sam na krovu kolibe moga otca, koju je sagradio svojim<br />

rukama i gledao dole. Otac mi se osmjehne i kaže: „Ajde<br />

skači dole, ja ću te uhvatiti.“ Imao sam povjerenje u njega i<br />

skočio kao što je rekao. U tom trenutku on se makne i koljenima<br />

sam udario u kamenje i grdno iščašio koljeno. Pu<strong>st</strong>io<br />

me samog bez pomoći i rekao:<br />

„BUDI PAMETAN SINE MOJ I NEMOJ IMATI POVJERENJA U<br />

NIKOG OSIM SEBE!“<br />

odbili dajući mi mogućno<strong>st</strong> da se vratim kući ili odem u <strong>za</strong>tvor.<br />

Onda sam se pitao: “DALI OSTANEM I POSTANEM ZA-<br />

TVORENIK U STRANOJ ZEMLJI ILI SE IPAK VRATIM KUĆI GDJE<br />

ME STALNO ČEKA SMRT.“<br />

29


Skoraj prava zimska ruska pravljica<br />

Skoro prava zimska ruska bajka<br />

Almo<strong>st</strong> a true russian fairy tale<br />

Življenjska zgodba Ruslana iz Rusije je presenetljiva. V<br />

matični državi se mu je dogajalo marsikaj. Prav <strong>za</strong>radi<br />

tega je po <strong>za</strong>prosilu <strong>za</strong> azil, priznanje azila iz humanitarnih<br />

razlogov dobil skorajda v rekordnem času, v<br />

slabih petih mesecih.<br />

In po obdobju, ki ga je preživel v AD, je prišel na Oddelek<br />

<strong>za</strong> integracijo beguncev in tujcev, kjer mu je bila<br />

dodeljena svetovalka <strong>za</strong> integracijo.<br />

Ruslan je že na <strong>za</strong>četku izkazovall veliko <strong>za</strong>nimanje<br />

<strong>za</strong> vključevanje v vse programe, ki jih država Slovenija<br />

nudi ti<strong>st</strong>im, ki dobijo <strong>st</strong>atus begunca. Nič ni bilo<br />

težko, vedno je <strong>za</strong> vse dejavno<strong>st</strong>i našel čas. S pomočjo<br />

Slovenske filantropije je najel <strong>st</strong>anovanje, <strong>st</strong>roške<br />

najema mu je v obdobju, ko je bil prejemnik socialne<br />

pomoči povrnilo Mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vo <strong>za</strong> <strong>notranje</strong> <strong>za</strong>deve.<br />

Opravil je tečaj slovenskega jezika in uspešno še izpit<br />

iz le tega. Pri jezuitih je hodil na tečaj računalništva.<br />

Opravil je vozniški izpit <strong>za</strong> več kategorij. S Slovensko<br />

filantropijo je obiskal več krajev po naši širni Sloveniji,<br />

sodeloval je na tečaju <strong>za</strong> pro<strong>st</strong>ovoljce, ki ga je prav<br />

tako organizirala SF. V vseh teh letih je poprijel <strong>za</strong> vsako<br />

delo, od navadnega delavca, do šoferja kamionov.<br />

Ruslan je po naravi veseljak, pravi Rus. Njegov konjiček<br />

je gorsko kolesarjenje, rad potuje, novo leto je<br />

preživel v Bratislavi. Njegova želja je, da bi še dodatno<br />

izpilil angleški jezik. Ko sem ga vprašala, kaj njemu<br />

osebno delo pomeni, mi je kot iz topa rekel, da dela,<br />

ker rad pomaga ljudem. Njegov življenjski moto je:<br />

»Ravnaj s človekom tako, kot bi ti želel, da bi drugi<br />

ravnali s tabo«.<br />

Ruslan ima danes vse pogoje, da <strong>za</strong>prosi <strong>za</strong> slovensko<br />

državljan<strong>st</strong>vo in to bo v prihodnjih dneh tudi naredil.<br />

Njegova želja je, da bi si v Sloveniji s partnerico u<strong>st</strong>vari<br />

družino, s šolanjem bo nadaljeval, tako da mu v prihodnjih<br />

letih ne bo dolgčas. Kar pogreša tu v Sloveniji<br />

je mama, na katero je še posebno nave<strong>za</strong>n in kateri po<br />

svojih močeh pomaga. Dnevno se slišita po telefonu,<br />

njegova največja želja pa je, da bi ga obiskala. In ker<br />

Ruslan vse kar se loti naredi, sem prepričana, da se bo<br />

to srečanje v kratkem zgodilo.<br />

To so tudi moje novoletne želje <strong>za</strong>nj in <strong>za</strong> vse, ki tako<br />

hrepenite po svojih domačih. Če ne drugače, sem z va-<br />

30<br />

šimi mislimi in željami z vami in vam iz srca želim, da<br />

bi kdo od vas dobil <strong>st</strong>atus in da bi z našim Sektorjem<br />

<strong>za</strong> integracijo tujcev in beguncev tako dobro sodelovali<br />

kot Ruslan. Upam, da nas bo, po sprejetju v državljan<strong>st</strong>vo,<br />

Ruslan še kdaj obiskal in nas razveseljeval s<br />

ti<strong>st</strong>im njegovim prisrčnim nasmehom.<br />

Hvala ti Ruslan, da si nam v vseh teh letih poka<strong>za</strong>l da<br />

pri<strong>za</strong>devanja naše službe, ki se ukvarja z integracijo,<br />

lahko pomaga takim kot si TI.<br />

Zgodbo <strong>za</strong>pisala: Tamara Antonaz Pogorevc<br />

Životna priča Ruslana iz Rusije je iznenađujuća. U svojoj zemlji<br />

mnogo toga mu se desilo. Svašta!. Baš zbog toga dodijeljen<br />

mu je humanitarni <strong>st</strong>atus u rekordno vrijeme - manje od<br />

pet mjeseci poslije predaje molbe <strong>za</strong> azil.<br />

Poslije perioda boravka u AD došao je na naš Odjel <strong>za</strong> integraciju<br />

<strong>st</strong>ranaca I izbjeglica I Darja je po<strong>st</strong>ala njegova savjetnica<br />

<strong>za</strong> integraciju.<br />

Ruslan je već u početku izrazio velik interes <strong>za</strong> integraciju u<br />

sve programe koje država Slovenija nudi onima koji prime<br />

<strong>st</strong>atus. Niša mu nije bilo teško, unatoč radu uvijek je našao<br />

vrijeme. Pomoću Slovenske filantropije iznajmio je <strong>st</strong>an, a<br />

troškove je pokrilo Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>vo unutrašnjih poslova dok je<br />

još primio socijalnu pomoć.<br />

Bio je na tečaju slovenskog jezika in uspješno <strong>za</strong>vršio ispit<br />

iz jezika. Kod Jezuita posjećuje kompjuterski tečaj in <strong>za</strong>vrši<br />

ispite iz B,C, E i NPK kategorije. Pomoću Slovenske filantropije<br />

obilazi više krajeva širom Slovenije I surađuje na tečaju<br />

<strong>za</strong> dobrovoljce, kojeg organizira također SF. Sve ove godine je<br />

radio svaki posao od običnog radnika do šofera kamiona.<br />

Ruslan je po prirodi veseljak, pravi Rus. Njegov hobi je gorski<br />

bicikl i voli putovati Za novu godinu bio je u bratislavi.<br />

Njegova želja je, da još dodatno usavrši engleski jezik. Pitala<br />

sam ga što njemu osobno znači rad I kaše kao iz topa da radi<br />

zbog toga da pomaže ljudima. Njegov životni moto je ravnati<br />

s ljudima tako kao što ti želiš da oni ravnaju tobom.<br />

Ruslan ima danas sve oslove da <strong>za</strong>moli <strong>za</strong> slovensko državljan<strong>st</strong>vo<br />

što će I uraditi u narednim danima.<br />

Sa svojom partnericom želi osnivati porodicu I na<strong>st</strong>aviti školovanje<br />

tako da mu neće biti dosadno. Što mu nedo<strong>st</strong>aje tu u<br />

Sloveniji je majka sa kojom ima jake veze I kojoj pomaže koliko<br />

sam može. Svaki dan se čuju po telefonu I njegova najveća


želja je da ga majka posjeti. Pošto je sposoban uraditi sve što<br />

hoće ne sumnjam da će se taj susret uskoro dogoditi.<br />

To su I moje želje <strong>za</strong> novu godinu <strong>za</strong> njega I <strong>za</strong> sve koji žude<br />

<strong>za</strong> bližnjima. Ako ne drukčije ja sam u vašim mislima I željama.<br />

Iz sveg srca želim da bi neki od vas primili <strong>st</strong>atus I tako<br />

dobro surađivali sa našim Sektorom kao Ruslan. nadam se da<br />

će poslije prijema u državljan<strong>st</strong>vo Ruslan posjetiti našu službu<br />

I razveselio nas svojim srdačnim osmijehom<br />

Hvala ti Ruslan, da si nam u svim tim godinama poka<strong>za</strong>o napore<br />

naše službe <strong>za</strong> integraciju koja može pomoći ljudima<br />

kao što si TI.<br />

I <strong>za</strong>što je to takoreći prava ruska bajka? Jer je sve što sam<br />

napisala i<strong>st</strong>ina. SRETNO!<br />

Bajku <strong>za</strong>pisala: Tamara Antonaz Pogorevc<br />

The life <strong>st</strong>ory of Ruslan from Russia is amazing. Many things<br />

happened in his home country. Lots of things. This is why<br />

after filing his asylum application he was granted the humanitarian<br />

<strong>st</strong>atus almo<strong>st</strong> in a record breaking time – less<br />

than five months.<br />

After living in Asylum Centre (AC) he arrived in the Alien and<br />

Foreigner Integration Section where Darja was appointed<br />

his integration counsellor.<br />

Ruslan expressed already in the beginning a great intere<strong>st</strong><br />

in integrating into the society and the programmes offered<br />

by Slovenia to those who have been granted the <strong>st</strong>atus.<br />

Nothing was too difficult, he would always find time in<br />

spite of working hard. Assi<strong>st</strong>ed by the Slovenska filantropija<br />

(Slovene Philanthropy - SF) he rented a flat and the MOI<br />

Mini<strong>st</strong>ry of Interior) reimbursed the co<strong>st</strong>s of renting as he<br />

was receiving social assi<strong>st</strong>ance.<br />

He attended the course of Slovene language and passed<br />

the exam successfully. He attended the computer course at<br />

the Jesuit Refugee Service. He also passed all the exams for<br />

categories B,C, E, NPK. With Slovenska filantropija he visited<br />

several places all over Slovenia and participated in the<br />

course for volunteers organised by SF. He took every job,<br />

from an ordinary workman to the truck driver.<br />

Ruslan is a merry person, a true Russian. His hobby is mountain<br />

biking and likes to travel. He spent the New Year’s eve<br />

in Bratislava. He wishes to brush up his English even more.<br />

When I asked him what work means to him he said at once<br />

that he works because he likes to help people. His life’s<br />

motto is: Treat people in the same was as you wish to be<br />

treated by them.<br />

Ruslan has met today all the requirements for Slovene citizenship<br />

and that is what he will do in the days to come.<br />

He wants to raise a family with his partner and continue his<br />

<strong>st</strong>udies so that he will not be bored in the following years.<br />

What he misses here in Slovenia is his mother to whom he<br />

is truly close and whom he helps to the be<strong>st</strong> of his abilities.<br />

He talks to her every day on the phone and his bigge<strong>st</strong><br />

wish is that she could visit him one day. Since Ruslan does<br />

everything he undertakes I am sure he will meet his mother<br />

shortly.<br />

These are also my wishes for him and for all those longing<br />

for your families. If not otherwise I am with you in my<br />

thoughts and wish you from the bottom of my heart that<br />

some of you will be granted the refugee <strong>st</strong>atus and cooperate<br />

with our Section ju<strong>st</strong> as well as Ruslan. I hope that after<br />

he is granted Slovene citizenship Ruslan will visit us and<br />

make us happy with his heartily smile.<br />

Thank you Ruslan for showing in these years the efforts of<br />

our service that can help people like YOU!<br />

And why is this almo<strong>st</strong> like a true Russian fairy tale? Because<br />

everything I wrote truly happened! GOOD LUCK!<br />

The <strong>st</strong>ory written by: Tamara Antonaz Pogorevc<br />

VICI VICEVI JOKES / VICI VICEVI JOKES / VICI VICEVI JOKES<br />

48,... 49,…<br />

Črnolaska skače po tirih in prepeva vedno i<strong>st</strong>i napev: “ 48 ... 48 ...<br />

48...” Mimo pride blondinka in vpraša, če se ji lahko pridruži. Obe<br />

skačeta po tirih in pojeta: “48 ...48 ...48 ...” Ko nasproti pripelje<br />

vlak, črnolaska skoči s tirov, blondinko pa vlak povozi. Črnolaska se<br />

vrne na tire, skače in si prepeva:”49 ...49 ...49 ...”<br />

48,... 49,…<br />

Brineta skače po pruzi i <strong>st</strong>alno pjeva i<strong>st</strong>u pjesmicu: “48... 48...<br />

48...” Dođe plavuša i pita dali se može pridružiti. Obje dvoje skaču<br />

NASVET ZA OSVAJANJE<br />

A ti verjameš v ljubezen na prvi pogled ali<br />

moram še enkrat mimo?<br />

KAKO OSVOJITI SRCE<br />

48,... 49,…<br />

Dali ti vjeruješ u ljubav na prvi pogled ili<br />

moram još jedanput proći pored tebe?<br />

<strong>za</strong>jedno i pjevaju: “48...48...48...” Dođe vlak, brineta pobjegne a<br />

plavušu izgazi vlak. Brineta se vrati, skače i pjeva:”49...49...49...”<br />

A brunette is jumping on the railway tracks always singing<br />

the same tune “ 48...48...48...” A blonde passes by and asks<br />

if she can join her. They both continue jumping and singing:<br />

“48...48...48...” As the train is approaching the brunette jumps<br />

off the tracks and the blonde is run over by the train. The brunette<br />

returns to the tracks, jumping and singing:”49... 49... 49...”<br />

HOW TO WIN HER HEART?<br />

Do you believe in love at fir<strong>st</strong> sight or do I<br />

have to come by once again?<br />

31


Tečaj slovenskega jezika v<br />

Azilnem domu<br />

32<br />

TEČAJ SLOVENSKOG JEZIKA U AZILNOM<br />

DOMU<br />

Učiteljica je bila izvanredno profesionalna, veoma dobrog<br />

srca i neizmjerno <strong>st</strong>rpljiva te ljubazna - gospođa profesorica<br />

Anja Tomazin.<br />

Svakome pojedincu polagala je puno pažnje. Svoj rad je obavila<br />

veoma <strong>st</strong>ručno i učinkovito mada je bila ispo<strong>st</strong>avljena<br />

neobičnim ili nepotrebnim okolno<strong>st</strong>ima.<br />

Zbog toga smatram, ako dođe do ideje o kursovima u Domu,<br />

da se razmisli i o sljedećim <strong>st</strong>varima:<br />

Pre svega odlučujuća činjenica je da su kursovi počeli bez potrebne<br />

pripreme molilaca <strong>za</strong> azil. Socijalni radnici bi naime<br />

trebali prije početka organizirati sa<strong>st</strong>anak sa svim učesnicima<br />

i onda ih upozoriti da je u interesu svih da nauče jezik<br />

države u koju su došli po svojoj volji i olakšati međusobno<br />

komuniciranje bez obzira na konačnu sudbinu.<br />

To je svakako i moralna obave<strong>za</strong> svakog molilaca in da je sve<br />

suprotno tome u dubokoj suprotno<strong>st</strong>i poštenim <strong>za</strong>htjevima<br />

po azilu.<br />

I<strong>st</strong>o tako činjenica je da su socijalni radnici znali <strong>za</strong> sve smiješne<br />

i sasvim neopravdane „argumente“ molilaca <strong>za</strong> azil<br />

protiv kursova slovenskog jezika i „prepreke“. Imali su dovoljno<br />

vremena <strong>za</strong> pripremu primjernih odgovora na te “i<strong>za</strong>zove”<br />

i ohrabriti sve da sudjeluju na tečaju. Primjer: bile su<br />

gospođe koje su <strong>za</strong>kasnile na tečaj samo mjesec dana. One su<br />

došle 1. oktobra a nisu željele sjediti pored mene na udaljeno<strong>st</strong>i<br />

gotovo 3 metra od mene! I to u glavnom gradu države<br />

centralne Europe!<br />

Na sa<strong>st</strong>anku svih, kao rečeno, njihovi muževi su mogli lako<br />

dogovoriti se o tome, kako se žene same voze autobusom, idu<br />

same u grad il nevjerojatno koliko muškaraca ima?! I tako<br />

godinama.<br />

„Demokracija“ molilaca, koja se kasnije uvažavala, nije bila<br />

dobro ili pravo rješenje. Neki su naime odlučili, da idu na tečaj<br />

samo jedan ili dva puta. Drugi su bili mišljenja, veoma<br />

pouzdano a i oholo, da idu i na viši <strong>st</strong>epen tečaja ali su znali<br />

malo, čak i ništa.<br />

Ova „demokracija“ bila je naporna i narušavajuća. Taj račun<br />

je opet platila profesorica Anja Tomazin, koja se morala dodatno<br />

pripremati i gubiti svoje slobodno vrijeme, prilagoditi<br />

se svakome pojedincu bez obzira na to dali će ga sljedeći put<br />

opet vidjeti dok šeće po malom razredu.


Bez sumnje gospođa profesorica Anja Tomazin <strong>za</strong>služuje sve<br />

če<strong>st</strong>itke. Jako sam joj zbog toga <strong>za</strong>hvalan, njoj i Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>vu<br />

<strong>za</strong> unutrašnje poslove te ERF, jer sam naučio nešto.<br />

Unatoč svemu i činjenici da se nisam osjećao željen u razredu,<br />

kao što sam već obrazložio sada mogu da sam na<strong>st</strong>avim<br />

svoje obrazovanje – permanentno učiti sve potrebne jezike.<br />

U Ljubljani 8. novembra 2009<br />

Dubravko Podbojec<br />

COURSES OF SLOVENE LANGUAGE IN ASY-<br />

LUM CENTRE<br />

The lecturer was extremely professional, kind hearted, truly<br />

patient and very kind – Mrs. Prof. Anja Tomazin.<br />

She paid a lot of attention to every individual. She did her<br />

job extremely professionally and efficiently even though<br />

she was exposed to unusual and unnecessary situations.<br />

This is why I believe that in case of new ideas about any<br />

courses in the Centre the following points should be considered.<br />

The decisive fact remains that the courses began without<br />

the necessary preparations of asylum applicants. Before the<br />

beginning the social workers should namely have organised<br />

a meeting with all the applicants and told them that it is in<br />

the intere<strong>st</strong> of them all to learn the official language of the<br />

country where they arrived on their own will - to facilitate<br />

the communication between them regardless of their final<br />

de<strong>st</strong>iny.<br />

This is of course at the same time also a moral obligation of<br />

every applicant and if this is not the case, it is profoundly in<br />

contradiction with their hone<strong>st</strong> asylum claims.<br />

The other fact is that the social workers knew about all their<br />

ridiculous and completely unju<strong>st</strong>ified “arguments” again<strong>st</strong><br />

the Slovene language courses and “ob<strong>st</strong>acles”. They had<br />

time enough to prepare adequate responses to these “challenges”<br />

and encourage them to participate in the courses.<br />

Example: there were some ladies who missed the course for<br />

one month. They could have come on 1 October but then<br />

they did not want to sit in the classroom next to me and<br />

took their seat at lea<strong>st</strong> 3 metres away! And that happened<br />

in the capital city of a Central European country!<br />

At the above mentioned preliminary meeting their husbands<br />

could agree on their women taking the bus, go to town alone<br />

and on the fact that the room will be full of other men.<br />

This could be done years ago!<br />

The “democracy” of applicants that was later considered was<br />

not a good and right choice. Some of them in fact decided<br />

to attend the course only once or twice. Others, very self<br />

confident and aloof, were sure they could take the advanced<br />

course but had very little or no knowledge at all.<br />

This “democracy” was very di<strong>st</strong>urbing and tiring. And this<br />

bill was paid again by professor Anja Tomazin. She had to<br />

make additional preparations, lose her time, adju<strong>st</strong> to every<br />

individual even though she was not sure to see him again in<br />

the classroom or not.<br />

There is no doubt that Prof. Tomazin deserves all the congratulations<br />

by all of them. I am truly grateful to her, the<br />

Mini<strong>st</strong>ry of the Interior and the ERF for learning something.<br />

Anyhow, I no longer felt wanted in the classroom after 1<br />

October for the above reasons but now I am able to continue<br />

my education - permanently learning all the necessary<br />

languages.<br />

In Ljubljana on 8 November 2009<br />

Dubravko Podbojec<br />

Cene Štupar - Center <strong>za</strong><br />

permanentno izobraževanje<br />

v Azilnem domu<br />

Na osnovi javnega razpisa Mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>va <strong>za</strong> <strong>notranje</strong> <strong>za</strong>deve<br />

RS <strong>za</strong> izvajanje programov pomoči prosilcem <strong>za</strong><br />

mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito v Azilnem domu, tujcem ter osebam<br />

z mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito, št. 430-656/2008, smo<br />

bili izbrani <strong>za</strong> izvajanje tečajev slovenskega jezika in<br />

učne pomoči otrokom v Azilnem domu. Na javni razpis<br />

je <strong>za</strong>vod Ceneta Štuparja prijavila organi<strong>za</strong>torka izob-<br />

raževanja odraslih Alida Zagorc Šuligoj, ki tudi skrbi<br />

<strong>za</strong> izvedbo projekta, program učenja slovenščine pa<br />

izvaja Anja Tomazin, profesorica slovenščine.<br />

Učenje slovenskega jezika je <strong>za</strong> prosilce <strong>za</strong> mednarodno<br />

<strong>za</strong>ščito pomembno z vidika potreb po osnovnem komuniciranju<br />

in lažjem vključevanju v življenje v Azilnem<br />

33


domu. Program prispeva tudi h kvalitetnejši <strong>za</strong>polnitvi<br />

pro<strong>st</strong>ega časa prosilcev in bogati ponudbo izvajanja<br />

pro<strong>st</strong>očasnih dejavno<strong>st</strong>i. Zaradi dej<strong>st</strong>va, da v nekaterih<br />

primerih po<strong>st</strong>opki odločanja o mednarodni <strong>za</strong>ščiti trajajo<br />

tudi več kot leto dni, program omogoča izvedbo<br />

tako osnovnega kot tudi nadaljevalnega tečaja.<br />

Osnovno sporazumevanje prosilcem omogoča tudi<br />

uveljavljanje svojih pravic in do<strong>st</strong>op do in<strong>st</strong>itucij. Nena<strong>za</strong>dnje<br />

znanje slovenščine pred<strong>st</strong>avlja prosilcem<br />

pomemben in temeljni korak v procesu integracije v<br />

slovensko družbo.<br />

Program predvideva OSNOVNI TEČAJ slovenskega jezika<br />

v obsegu 30 šolskih ur na nivoju, ki je potreben<br />

<strong>za</strong> osnovno komuniciranje v vsakdanjem življenju,<br />

<strong>za</strong>čne se in konča se vsak mesec. Tečaj se izvaja štirikrat<br />

tedensko po dve šolski uri, skupaj 360 šolskih ur.<br />

NADALJEVALNI TEČAJ slovenskega jezika v obsegu 60<br />

šolskih ur vsebuje utrditev že osvojenega znanja, pridobljenega<br />

na osnovnem tečaju z njegovo nadgradnjo.<br />

Nadaljevalni tečaj se izvaja dvakrat letno, trikrat<br />

tedensko po dve šolski uri, skupaj 120 šolskih ur letno.<br />

UČNA POMOČ ZA OTROKE <strong>za</strong> lažje in hitrejše vključevanju<br />

otrok v osnovnošolsko izobraževanje se izvaja<br />

v popoldanskem času. Zajema tehnike lažjega učenja<br />

in razumevanja snovi in pomoč pri domačih nalogah.<br />

Učna pomoč se izvaja vsak dan od ponedeljka do petka<br />

po eno šolsko uro, v skupnem obsegu 240 šolskih ur<br />

letno.<br />

Sred<strong>st</strong>va <strong>za</strong> izvedbo programa so <strong>za</strong>gotovljena iz Evropskega<br />

sklada <strong>za</strong> begunce in Evropskega sklada <strong>za</strong><br />

vključevanje državljanov tretjih držav in proračuna<br />

Republike Slovenije.<br />

34<br />

VABILO NA ZAČETNI TEČAJ SLOVENŠČINE<br />

KOMU JE TEČAJ NAMENJEN: Vabljeni <strong>st</strong>e vsi, ki<br />

ne znate govoriti slovensko ali slovensko govorite<br />

slabo. Veseli bomo tudi vseh, ki že dobro<br />

govorite slovensko in bi se radi družili in sporazumevali<br />

v slovenščini.<br />

KAJ SE BOMO NAUČILI? Na tečaju se bomo naučili<br />

pozdraviti, pred<strong>st</strong>aviti se in navezovati <strong>st</strong>ik z<br />

drugimi (osebno in po telefonu), dajati in razumeti<br />

osnovna navodila v zvezi z uro, datumom,<br />

pro<strong>st</strong>orom ter smerjo.<br />

KJE POTEKA TEČAJ: V knjižnici Azilnega doma.<br />

KDAJ POTEKA TEČAJ: Po urniku (urnik visi na<br />

vratih knjižnice).<br />

Profesorici Anji Tomazin je gospa Sara Djor, ki je novembra<br />

končala nadaljevalni tečaj, v slovenščini <strong>za</strong><strong>st</strong>avila<br />

nekaj vprašanj.<br />

Sara: »Kako vam je ime?«<br />

Anja: »Jaz sem Anja.«<br />

Sara: »Kako se pišete?«<br />

Anja: »Pišem se Tomazin.«<br />

Sara: »Kaj <strong>st</strong>e po poklicu?«<br />

Anja: »Po poklicu sem profesorica slovenščine in<br />

sociologije.«<br />

Sara: »Koliko časa tujce učite slovenščino?«<br />

Anja: »Na tečaju slovenščine sem prvič učila pred<br />

petimi leti, ko sem bila še študentka. To je<br />

bila <strong>za</strong>me fanta<strong>st</strong>ična izkušnja. Delo sem takoj<br />

vzljubila in ga z veseljem poklicno opravljam 3<br />

leta.«<br />

Sara: »Kakšna je razlika med učenjem slovenščine<br />

tujcev in učenjem osnovnošolcev oz.<br />

srednješolcev?«<br />

Anja: »Tujcem je slovenščina drugi/tuji jezik, kar<br />

pomeni, da se slovenščino učijo <strong>za</strong>radi sporazumevalnih<br />

potreb oz. okolja, osnovnošolcem<br />

oz. srednješolcem pa je slovenščina<br />

prvi (materni) jezik. Razlika v poučevanju je<br />

ogromna, saj pri pouku slovenščine kot drugega/tujega<br />

jezika učitelji uporabljamo drugačne<br />

metode, učne pripomočke in drugačen<br />

način dela kot v osnovni oz. srednji šoli.<br />

Sara: »Kako učite ljudi iz različnih držav?«<br />

Anja: »Jezik (ali jeziki), ki ga posameznik govori,<br />

je vsaj na <strong>za</strong>četku procesa učenja slovenščine<br />

eden od pomembnih dejavnikov. Tečajnika,<br />

ki je npr. z Japonske, moramo najprej naučiti<br />

izgovoriti glas r, nekoga s Kitajske č, ž ipd.<br />

Lahko si pred<strong>st</strong>avljate, da se nemalokrat od<br />

srca nasmejimo. Posamezniki, ki pa prihajajo<br />

iz slovanskega jezikovnega okolja, imajo na<br />

splošno <strong>za</strong>radi podobne glasovne in črkovne<br />

se<strong>st</strong>ave, <strong>st</strong>rukture, korenov besed ter nena<strong>za</strong>dnje<br />

kulture nekoliko lažje delo, čeprav lahko<br />

ravno ta podobno<strong>st</strong> med slovanskimi jeziki vodi<br />

v mešanje jezikov.«<br />

Sara: »Kaj želite naučiti tujce?«<br />

Anja: »Pred vsakim tečajem pripravimo projekcijo<br />

dela, glede na to, kdo se želi naučiti slovensko,<br />

<strong>za</strong>kaj se želi naučiti ter kako se želi naučiti. Vedno<br />

si želim kar se da dobro usposobiti posameznika<br />

<strong>za</strong> suvereno vsakodnevno sporazumevanje.«<br />

Sara: »Ali na tečajih učite tudi slovensko kulturo<br />

in navade? Pri tem mislim na dan reformacije,<br />

ki <strong>st</strong>e nam ga danes pred<strong>st</strong>avili pri pouku.«


Anja: »Seveda. Jezik in kultura (v širšem pomenu<br />

besede) <strong>st</strong>a neločljivo pove<strong>za</strong>na, <strong>za</strong>to si učenja<br />

jezika brez kulture sploh ne morem pred<strong>st</strong>avljati.<br />

Jezik in kulturo se torej učimo hkrati.<br />

Npr. že na <strong>za</strong>četku, ko se naučimo npr. pozdraviti<br />

in nave<strong>za</strong>ti <strong>st</strong>ik, se hkrati učimo kulturo<br />

(do kdaj pozdravimo dobro jutro, kdaj nekoga<br />

vikamo oz. tikamo ipd.). Kasneje, ko so tečajniki<br />

zmožni sprejemati in tvoriti <strong>za</strong>htevnejša<br />

besedila, spoznavamo tudi slovenske navade,<br />

običaje in praznike.«<br />

Sara: »Vemo, da učite slovenščino tudi otroke iz<br />

Azilnega doma, ki hodijo v osnovno in srednjo<br />

šolo. Ali imate težave z otroki?«<br />

Anja: »Osnovnošolcem in srednješolki vsak delovni<br />

dan eno šolsko uro pomagam pri domačih nalogah,<br />

seminarskih nalogah, referatih ali pa<br />

jim pomagam, kadar česa ne razumejo. Težav<br />

z otroki nimam in mislim, da se dobro razumemo.<br />

Moram pa reči, da nekateri učenci na žalo<strong>st</strong><br />

premalokrat izkori<strong>st</strong>ijo mojo pomoč.«<br />

Sara: »Kaj želite povedati <strong>za</strong> konec?«<br />

Anja: »Na koncu bi vse prijazno povabila na tečaj slovenščine.<br />

Vsem, ki pa že hodite na tečaje slovenščine,<br />

pa želim veliko uspeha, vztrajno<strong>st</strong>i in<br />

dobre volje.«<br />

Vsi <strong>za</strong>posleni na Štuparju spodbujamo vse generacije<br />

k vseživljenjskemu učenju in uspešno<br />

dvigujemo izobrazbeno raven prebival<strong>st</strong>va.<br />

Pri našem delu tesno sodelujemo s številnimi državnimi<br />

in lokalnimi inštitucijami, kot na primer z našo<br />

u<strong>st</strong>anoviteljico me<strong>st</strong>no občino Ljubljana, z Mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vom<br />

<strong>za</strong> šol<strong>st</strong>vo in šport RS, z Andragoškim centrom<br />

Slovenije, s Centrom <strong>za</strong> poklicno izobraževanje in z<br />

Zavodom <strong>za</strong> šol<strong>st</strong>vo ter vsemi o<strong>st</strong>alimi organi<strong>za</strong>cijami<br />

izobraževanja odraslih.<br />

Zapisali: Alida Zagorc Šuligoj in Anja Tomazin,<br />

Cene Štupar – Center <strong>za</strong> permanentno izobraževanje,<br />

Ljubljana<br />

CENE ŠTUPAR – CENTAR ZA PERMANENTNO<br />

OBRAZOVANJE U AZILNOM DOMU<br />

Na osnovu javnog raspisa Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>va <strong>za</strong> unutrašnje poslove<br />

<strong>za</strong> izvedbu programa pomoći moliocima <strong>za</strong> međunarodnu <strong>za</strong>štitu<br />

u Azilnom domu i <strong>st</strong>rancima te osobama, kojim je bila<br />

međunarodna <strong>za</strong>štita priznata, br. raspisa: 430-656/2008,<br />

bili smo odabrani <strong>za</strong> izvedbu kursova slovenskog jezika in<br />

školske pomoći djeci u Azilnom domu. Na javni raspis in<strong>st</strong>itut<br />

Cene Štupar prijavio organi<strong>za</strong>toricu obrazovanja odraslih Ali-<br />

du Zagorc Šuligoj koje se brine o izvedbi projekta a program<br />

učenja slovenskog jezika izvodi Anja Tomazin, profesorica<br />

slovenskog jezika.<br />

Učenje slovenskog je <strong>za</strong> molioce jako važno u pogledu potrebe<br />

po svakodnevnom komuniciranju i lakše integracije<br />

u život Azilnog doma. Program doprinosi također kvalitetu<br />

ispunjavanja slobodnog vrjemena molioca i bogati ponudu<br />

aktivno<strong>st</strong>i u slobodno vrijeme. Zbog činjenice da u nekim slučajevima<br />

po<strong>st</strong>upci primanja odluke o molbi <strong>za</strong> međunarodnu<br />

<strong>za</strong>štitu traju čak i godinu dana, program omogućava izvedbu<br />

ne samo osnovnih nego i naprednih tečaja.<br />

Osnovno sporazumijevanje omogućuje moliocima i sprovajanje<br />

njihovih prava te kontakt sa in<strong>st</strong>itucijama. Na kraju<br />

znanje slovenskog jezika pred<strong>st</strong>avlja važan i temeljni korak u<br />

procesu integracije u slovensko društvo.<br />

Program predviđa OSNOVNI TEČAJ slovenskog jezika v opsegu<br />

30 školskih sati na nivou koji je potreban <strong>za</strong> osnovno komuniciranje<br />

u svakodnevnom životu. Počinje i <strong>za</strong>vršava se svaki<br />

mjesec. Izvodi se četiri puta u tjednu po dva školska sata što<br />

znači ukupno 360 sati. NAPREDNI TEČAJ slovenskog jezika v<br />

opsegu 60 školskih sati sadržava utvrđenje već po<strong>st</strong>ignutog<br />

znanja iz osnovnog kursa i njegovu nadgradnju. Taj kurs se<br />

izvodi dva puta u godini, tri puta u tjednu po dva školska sata<br />

- ukupno 120 sati godišnje. ŠKOLSKA POMOĆ ZA DJECU <strong>za</strong> lakšu<br />

i bržu integraciju djece u osnovnu školu izvodi se poslije<br />

podne. Uključuje tehnike lakšeg učenja i razumijevanja<br />

školskih predmeta i pomoć kod domaćih <strong>za</strong>daća. Ta pomoć<br />

se izvodi svaki dan od ponedjeljka do petka u trajanju jednog<br />

sata ili ukupno 240 sati godišnje.<br />

Sred<strong>st</strong>va <strong>za</strong> izvedbu programa osigurava Europski fond <strong>za</strong><br />

izbjeglice (ERF) i Europski fond <strong>za</strong> integraciju državljana trećih<br />

država te proračun Republike Slovenije.<br />

POZIV NA POČETNI TEČAJ SLOVENSKOG JEZIKA<br />

ZA KOGA JE TAJ TEČAJ: Pozvani <strong>st</strong>e svi vi, koji ne znate<br />

govoriti slovenski ili slovenski govorite slabo. Dobrodošli<br />

također i svi, koji već dobro govorite slovenski i<br />

volite druženje ili komuniciranje.<br />

ŠTO ĆEMO NAUČITI? Na tečaju potruditi ćemo se naučiti<br />

kako se pozdravlja, pred<strong>st</strong>avlja i komunicira sa<br />

drugima (osobno ili po telefonu), davati in razumjeti<br />

osnovne upute u vezi ure, datuma, pro<strong>st</strong>ora i orijentacije.<br />

GDJE ĆE BITI TEČAJ?: U biblioteci Azilnog doma.<br />

KADA?: Prema rasporedu časova (koji visi na vratima<br />

biblioteke).<br />

Profesorici Anji Tomazin je gospođa Saraa Djor, koja je u novembru<br />

<strong>za</strong>vršila napredni kurs slovenskog po<strong>st</strong>avila nekoliko<br />

pitanja.<br />

Sara: »Kako vam je ime?«<br />

Anja: »Ja sam Anja.«<br />

35


Sara: »Kako se prezivate?«<br />

Anja: »Prezivam se Tomazin.«<br />

Sara: »Što <strong>st</strong>e po <strong>za</strong>nimanju?«<br />

Anja: »Po <strong>za</strong>nimanju sam profesorica slovenskog jezika i sociologije.«<br />

Sara: »Koliko dugo već učite <strong>st</strong>rance slovenskog jezika?«<br />

Anja: »Na tečaju slovenskog prvi put sam bila na<strong>st</strong>avnica<br />

prije pet godina dok sam bila još <strong>st</strong>udentica. To je bilo<br />

<strong>za</strong> mene fanta<strong>st</strong>ično isku<strong>st</strong>vo. Odmah sam <strong>za</strong>voljela taj<br />

rad in sa <strong>za</strong>dovolj<strong>st</strong>vom ga obavljam profesionalno 3<br />

godine.«<br />

Sara: »Kakva je razlika između na<strong>st</strong>ave slovenskog jezika <strong>za</strong><br />

<strong>st</strong>rance i na<strong>st</strong>ave <strong>za</strong> osnovne odnosno srednje škole?«<br />

Anja: »Strancima je slovenski drugi/treći jezik što znači da<br />

uče naš jezik zbog potrebe po komuniciranju, odnosno<br />

zbog okoline. Đacima u osnovnoj ili srednjoj školi<br />

slovenski je prvi (materin) jezik. Razlika u na<strong>st</strong>avi je<br />

ogromna pošto se mi na<strong>st</strong>avnici služimo drugih metoda,<br />

alata i oruđa kad se radi o drugom/trećem jeziku<br />

nego u slučaju na<strong>st</strong>ave u osnovnoj ili srednjoj školi.<br />

Sara: »Kako učite ljudi iz različitih država?«<br />

Anja: »Jezik (ili jezici) kojeg govori pojedinac je barem u početku<br />

učenja slovenskog jedan od važnih faktora. Učesnik,<br />

na primjer iz Japana, moramo prvo naučiti kako<br />

se izgovara glas „r“ a drugog iz Kine „č“ ili „ž“. Možete<br />

<strong>za</strong>misliti , da se ponekad nasmijemo od srca. Pojedinci<br />

koji dolaze iz slovenski govoreće okoline imaju općenito<br />

zbog lingvi<strong>st</strong>ičkih slično<strong>st</strong>i - slovo, pismo, <strong>st</strong>ruktura,<br />

korijeni i kultura – nekako lakši posao ali baš ove<br />

slično<strong>st</strong>i među slovenskim jezicima vode u miješanje<br />

jezika.«<br />

Sara: »Što želite naučiti <strong>st</strong>rance?«<br />

Anja: »Prije svakog kursa pripremimo projekciju rada obzirom<br />

na to, tko želi učiti slovenski, zbog čega želi učiti<br />

i kako želi učiti. Uvijek želim što bolje naučiti pojedinca<br />

<strong>za</strong> suvereno svakodnevno komuniciranje.«<br />

Sara: »Dali na tečaju učite i slovensku kulturu i običaje?<br />

Mislim na dan reformacije kojeg <strong>st</strong>e danas pred<strong>st</strong>avili<br />

tokom na<strong>st</strong>ave.«<br />

Anja: »naravno. Jezik i kultura (u najširem smislu riječi)<br />

su pove<strong>za</strong>ni <strong>za</strong>to na<strong>st</strong>ave jezika bez kulture ne mogu<br />

uopće <strong>za</strong>misliti. Jezik i kulturu dakle učimo i<strong>st</strong>ovremeno.<br />

Na početku na primjer učimo kako se pozdravlja<br />

i komunicira a i<strong>st</strong>ovremeno i kulturu (do kada se pozdravlja<br />

„dobro jutro“, kada treba nekoga oslovljavati<br />

sa „ti“ ili „vi“ i slično.). Kasnije kad su učesnici već<br />

sposobni pratiti i formirati teže tek<strong>st</strong>ove upoznaju i<br />

slovenske običaje i praznike.«<br />

Sara: »Znamo da učite slovenski i drugu djecu iz Azilnog<br />

doma, koji idu u osnovnu i srednju školu . Dali imate<br />

problema?«<br />

Anja: »Ovoj djeci svakog radnog dana nudim po jedan sat<br />

pomoć kod domaće <strong>za</strong>daće, seminarskih <strong>za</strong>daća, referata<br />

ili im pomažem ako nešto ne razumiju. Moram da<br />

kažem da neki od njih premalo kori<strong>st</strong>e moju pomoć.<br />

Problema nema i mislim da se dobro razumijemo.«<br />

Sara: »Što bi rekla na kraju?«<br />

36<br />

Anja: »Na kraju srdačno pozivam sve na tečaj slovenskog<br />

jezika a učesnicima želim puno uspjeha, u<strong>st</strong>rajno<strong>st</strong>i i<br />

dobre volje.«<br />

Svi <strong>za</strong>posleni u centru Štupar potičemo sve generacije <strong>za</strong> doživotno<br />

obrazovanje i uspješno podižemo nivo obrazovanja<br />

čitavog <strong>st</strong>anovništva.<br />

U našem radu bliže surađujemo sa brojnim državama i lokalnim<br />

in<strong>st</strong>itucijama kao na primjer gradskom općinom Ljubljana,<br />

koja nas je u<strong>st</strong>anovila, Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>vo <strong>za</strong> škol<strong>st</strong>vo i sport,<br />

Andragoškim centrom Slovenije, Centrom <strong>za</strong> profesionalno<br />

obrazovanje, In<strong>st</strong>itutom <strong>za</strong> škol<strong>st</strong>vo i svim drugim organi<strong>za</strong>cijama<br />

<strong>za</strong> obrazovanje odraslih.<br />

Zapisale: Alida Zagorc Šuligoj i Anja Tomazin,<br />

Cene Štupar – Center <strong>za</strong> permanentno obrazovanje, Ljubljana<br />

CENE ŠTUPAR – CENTRE FOR PERMANENT<br />

EDUCATION IN ASYLUM CENTRE<br />

Following a public tender of the Mini<strong>st</strong>ry of the Interior to<br />

implement assi<strong>st</strong>ance programmes for asylum seekers in<br />

the Asylum Centre and for aliens and persons granted international<br />

protection, no. 430-656/2008 we were selected<br />

to implement the Slovene language courses and offer <strong>st</strong>udy<br />

help for children in Asylum Centre. In<strong>st</strong>itute Cene Štupar’s<br />

education for adult’s organiser Alida Zagorc Šuligoj sent<br />

the application for the tender. She is also the project leader.<br />

The Slovene language courses are performed by Anja<br />

Tomazin, professor of Slovene.<br />

Learning Slovene language is important for international<br />

protection applicants due to their needs for basic communication<br />

and an easier integration into the life of Asylum Centre.<br />

The programme also contributes to a quality leisure time<br />

and broadens the offer of leisure time activities. Due to the<br />

fact that in some cases the refugee <strong>st</strong>atus determination procedures<br />

may la<strong>st</strong> more than a year the programme allows the<br />

implementation of both basic and advanced courses.<br />

Basic communication allows applicants also to exercise<br />

their rights and access to in<strong>st</strong>itutions. La<strong>st</strong> but not lea<strong>st</strong>,<br />

the knowledge of Slovene is for them an important fundamental<br />

<strong>st</strong>ep ahead towards the process of integration into<br />

the Slovene society.<br />

The programme contains the PRIMARY COURSE of Slovene<br />

including 30 hours (lessons) on the level needed for basic<br />

communication in everyday life. It begins and ends every<br />

month. This course takes place four times a week, two lessons,<br />

totalling to 360 hours. The ADVANCED COURSE of<br />

Slovene includes 60 hours to <strong>st</strong>rengthen the already acquired<br />

knowledge from the primary courses and upgrading<br />

the knowledge. The advanced course is carried out twice a<br />

year, two lessons, altogether 120 hours a year. STUDY HELP<br />

FOR CHILDREN for a smoother and quicker integration of<br />

children into primary school education takes place in the<br />

afternoon. It contains techniques of easier learning and<br />

under<strong>st</strong>anding the subjects as well as assi<strong>st</strong>ance in home-


work. The <strong>st</strong>udy help is performed every day from Monday to<br />

Friday for 1 hour or 240 hours in total during the year.<br />

The resources for implementing the programme are provided<br />

by the European Refugee Fund and the European Fund<br />

for integrating third country nationals as well as the Slovene<br />

national budget.<br />

INVITATION TO PRIMARY SLOVENE COURSE<br />

TO WHOM IS THE COURSE MEANT FOR? All those are<br />

invited who do not speak Slovene or do not speak it<br />

well. We also welcome the persons who already speak<br />

Slovene very well and would like to socialise and<br />

communicate in Slovene language.<br />

WHAT SHALL WE LEARN? At the course we will learn<br />

how to greet a person, how to introduce oneself and<br />

make contact with other people (personally or by telephone),<br />

give and under<strong>st</strong>and basic in<strong>st</strong>ructions regarding<br />

the time, hour and date, space and direction.<br />

WHERE DOES THE COURSE TAKE PLACE? In the library<br />

of Asylum Centre.<br />

WHEN DOES THE COURSE TAKE PLACE? According to<br />

the schedule (on the library’s door).<br />

Mrs. Saraa Djor who finished the advanced Slovene course in<br />

November asked Professor Anja Tomazin a few que<strong>st</strong>ions.<br />

Sara: »What is your name? «<br />

Anja: »I am Anja. «<br />

Sara: »What is your surname? «<br />

Anja: »My surname is Tomazin. «<br />

Sara: »What is your profession? «<br />

Anja: »I am a professor of Slovene language and sociology.«<br />

Sara: »How long have you been teaching Slovene? «<br />

Anja: »The fir<strong>st</strong> time I taught at a Slovene course was five<br />

years ago when I was <strong>st</strong>ill a <strong>st</strong>udent. That was for me<br />

a fanta<strong>st</strong>ic experience. I immediately loved my work<br />

and this has been my profession and pleasure for 3<br />

years. «<br />

Sara: »What is the difference between teaching Slovene for<br />

foreigners and primary school children or secondary<br />

school <strong>st</strong>udents? «<br />

Anja: »Slovene language is the second or third language<br />

for foreigners which means that they learn Slovene<br />

also for communicating and due to the needs of the<br />

environment. To the pupils and <strong>st</strong>udents the Slovene<br />

is their fir<strong>st</strong> language (mother’s tongue). The difference<br />

is enormous because when you teach Slovene as<br />

the second or third language the teacher has to use<br />

other methods, equipment and manner of work as in<br />

the primary or secondary school”.<br />

Sara: »How do you teach people from different countries?«<br />

Anja: »Languages or the language spoken by an individual<br />

is in the process of the beginning one of important<br />

factors for learning Slovene. A participant of the<br />

course, say from Japan, mu<strong>st</strong> fir<strong>st</strong> learn to pronounce<br />

“r” and somebody from China “č” “ž” etc. You can<br />

imagine that sometimes we laugh from the bottom<br />

of our hearts. Individuals coming from the Slavonic<br />

language environment have generally due to similar<br />

phonetic and literal <strong>st</strong>ructures and the roots of words<br />

as well as culture somewhat an easier job but it is precisely<br />

this similarity between the Slavonic languages<br />

that may lead to confusion.«<br />

Sara: »What do you want to teach these foreigners? «<br />

Anja: »Before each course we elaborate the projection<br />

of work as regards who wants to learn Slovene, why<br />

he wants to learn and how. I always wish to enable<br />

an individual as be<strong>st</strong> I can for everyday autonomous<br />

communication. «<br />

Sara: »Do you also teach Slovene culture and cu<strong>st</strong>oms at<br />

your courses? I mean the Reform Day you presented<br />

today in the classroom. «<br />

Anja: »Sure. The language and the culture (in the broade<strong>st</strong><br />

sense) are closely connected so learning the<br />

language without the culture is something I cannot<br />

imagine at all. We therefore learn the language and<br />

the culture simultaneously. Already in the beginning<br />

we learn how to greet a person and make a contact we<br />

also learn the culture (since when do we say “good<br />

morning”, when do we address a person in 3 rd person<br />

plural, or 2 nd person singular etc.). Later when the<br />

participants are capable of forming and under<strong>st</strong>anding<br />

more demanding texts they become familiar with<br />

Slovene cu<strong>st</strong>oms and holidays.«<br />

Sara: »We know that you teach Slovene also the children<br />

from Asylum Centre going to primary or secondary<br />

school. Do you have problems with children? «<br />

Anja: »I offer these pupils and <strong>st</strong>udents every working day<br />

one hour of <strong>st</strong>udy help at homework, papers or reports<br />

and help them if there is something they do<br />

not under<strong>st</strong>and. I have no problems with children -<br />

we under<strong>st</strong>and each other very well. I mu<strong>st</strong> say that<br />

some pupils unfortunately do not take advantage of<br />

my assi<strong>st</strong>ance often enough. «<br />

Sara: »What would you like to say in the end?«<br />

Anja: »I would like to kindly invite everybody to the Slovene<br />

courses and all those who do so, I wish you lots<br />

of success, endurance and good will. «<br />

All the Cene Štupar <strong>st</strong>aff encourages all the generations to<br />

participate in life long education and raise the education<br />

level of the population successfully.<br />

We closely cooperate with several national and local in<strong>st</strong>itutions<br />

like for example our founder municipality of Ljubljana,<br />

Mini<strong>st</strong>ry of Education and Sports, Slovene Andragogy Centre,<br />

Centre for Professional Education and In<strong>st</strong>itute of Education<br />

as well as other organisations for educating adults.<br />

Authors: Laid Zagorsk Julio and Anja Tomazin,<br />

Cene Štupar – Center <strong>za</strong> permanentno izobraževanje, Ljubljana<br />

(Centre for Permanent Education)<br />

37


NUSRET DEMIR<br />

KURIDSTAN<br />

38<br />

NUSRET DEMIR<br />

KURIDSTAN<br />

Zovem se Nusret Demir, rođen 6.9.1975. Živim u Bajar Semuru a po<br />

nacionalno<strong>st</strong>i sam Kurd. Kao svi Kurdi jako volim svoju domovinu i narod<br />

a želim da bi svi ljudi imali svoju državu, slobodu i mir. Sada imamo<br />

mnogo problema u drugim zemljama jer se nas boje pošto nas ima<br />

50 miliona. Kurdi<strong>st</strong>an je veoma bogata država naročito zbog nafte.<br />

Neprijateljske zemlje neće da se Kurdi<strong>st</strong>an ujedini u jednu državu. Taj<br />

trenutak situacija se <strong>za</strong> Kurde poboljšala samo u Iraku, naime poslije<br />

1991 godine kada je pre<strong>st</strong>ao sukob sa SAD.<br />

Moja želja je da u budućno<strong>st</strong>i svi Kurdi žive dobro i u miru sa susjedima.<br />

NUSRET DEMIR<br />

KURIDSTAN<br />

My name is Nurset Demir, born on 6.9.1975. I live in Bajar<br />

Semur and am a Kurd. Like all other Kurds I love may fatherland<br />

and my people very much and wish we had our own country,<br />

freedom and peace. Now we have a lot of problems with<br />

other countries that are afraid of us because we are 50 million.<br />

Kurdi<strong>st</strong>an is a very rich country especially because of oil fields.<br />

The enemy countries do not wish Kurds to unite in one country.<br />

AT the moment the situation for Kurds improved only in Iraq,<br />

namely since 1991, following the conflicts with the USA.<br />

It is my wish that in the future Kurds could live well and in<br />

peace with the neighbours.<br />

“Počitnice <strong>za</strong> begunske<br />

matere in otroke 2009”<br />

Od 23. – 29. avgu<strong>st</strong>a 2009 je Jezuitska služba <strong>za</strong> begunce<br />

že sedmo leto <strong>za</strong>pored organizirala počitnice <strong>za</strong> matere<br />

in njihove otroke. Poleg prosilk <strong>za</strong> mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito<br />

in njihovih otrok iz azilnega doma so se na morje z nami<br />

odpravile tudi matere s <strong>st</strong>atusom begunca in ti<strong>st</strong>e z dovoljenjem<br />

<strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong>časno bivanje v RS. Pridružila se nam je<br />

tudi družina, ki je bila v ti<strong>st</strong>em času na<strong>st</strong>anjena v Centru<br />

<strong>za</strong> tujce, Po<strong>st</strong>ojna.<br />

Bilo nas je 33: 7 žensk, 20 otrok in 6 animatork, med njimi<br />

dve <strong>st</strong>rokovni delavki.<br />

V Portorož smo se odpravili v nedeljo, 23. 8. 2009 v popoldanskem<br />

času. Pro<strong>st</strong>ovoljke, ženske in otroci so šli z<br />

vlakom, medtem ko sva se skupaj s pro<strong>st</strong>ovoljko – <strong>st</strong>ro-<br />

kovno delavko proti Portorožu odpravili z avtom in veliko<br />

prtljage.<br />

Ob prihodu je bila že precej pozna ura in čas <strong>za</strong> večerjo.<br />

Na hitro smo pripravili sla<strong>st</strong>ne te<strong>st</strong>enine, ki so nam po<br />

napornih pripravah in potovanju vsem teknile. Večer je<br />

bil namenjen družabnim igram in boljšemu medsebojnemu<br />

spoznavanju, vse dokler nas ni premagal spanec.<br />

Vsak dan smo se prebudili v sončno jutro, saj nam je bilo<br />

vreme zelo naklonjeno. Po <strong>za</strong>jtrku smo se tako vsak dan<br />

odpravili na plažo, kjer smo preživljali čudovite dneve.<br />

Poleg kopanja in skakanja v vodo, ki je bilo <strong>za</strong> vse posebna<br />

<strong>za</strong>bava in nena<strong>za</strong>dnje preizkušnja: »Kdo si upa?«, smo<br />

se igrali razne družabne igre, kot so: jem jem jem, gnilo


jajce, kdo se boji črnega moža,<br />

vozlanje rok, igre s kartami, spomin,<br />

štiri v vr<strong>st</strong>o, skakanje z gumitvi<strong>st</strong>om<br />

in druge <strong>za</strong>bavne igre.<br />

Zanimive in <strong>za</strong>bavne pa so bile<br />

tudi u<strong>st</strong>varjalne delavnice. Nekaj<br />

smo jih izvedli kar na plaži: izdelava<br />

<strong>za</strong>pe<strong>st</strong>nic z vrvicami, izdelava<br />

plakatov s tempera barvami in posebna<br />

delavnica, kjer so otroci z<br />

barvami risali po svojih telesih in<br />

telesih pro<strong>st</strong>ovoljk. Sprva se otroci<br />

niso želeli »popackati«, vendar<br />

so se kmalu spro<strong>st</strong>ili in na<strong>st</strong>ale so<br />

lepe slike, platna pa so bili otroci<br />

in animatorke. Otroci so bili <strong>za</strong>sedeni<br />

še z drugimi dejavno<strong>st</strong>mi,<br />

kot so risanje na lončke <strong>za</strong> čaj,<br />

izdelava razglednic/kartic, izdelava<br />

plakatov. Poleg omenjenega<br />

so bili otroci razporejeni v tri skupine,<br />

od katerih je bila vedno ena<br />

skupina <strong>za</strong>dolžena <strong>za</strong> pripravo<br />

mize in pospravljanje po obroku.<br />

Ženske so vsak dan znova spoznavale,<br />

da so njihovi otroci pripravljeni<br />

pomagati, če jim nalogo<br />

pred<strong>st</strong>aviš na pravi način, kot izziv<br />

ter jih na koncu primerno nagradiš<br />

s pohvalo, sladoledom ali<br />

pravljico <strong>za</strong> lahko noč. Tako je ena<br />

izmed mater nekega večera <strong>za</strong>čudeno<br />

omenila, da <strong>st</strong>a se njena<br />

otroka precej spremenila, da <strong>st</strong>a<br />

bolj odgovorna <strong>za</strong> svoje naloge<br />

in da komaj verjame, da je temu<br />

tako.<br />

Ženske so na plaži malo poležavale,<br />

se kopale, se veliko pogovarjale,<br />

sicer so bile skupaj <strong>za</strong>dolžene<br />

<strong>za</strong> pripravo hrane. Tukaj<br />

je potrebno veliko medsebojnega<br />

potrpljenja, vendar jim je vsakič<br />

uspelo, da so s skupnimi močmi<br />

pripravile res dober obrok. Ob<br />

tem smo imeli možno<strong>st</strong> pokušati<br />

dobrote iz različnih kultur in držav<br />

(krafne, pite oziroma bureki,<br />

mongolska narodna jed in podobno).<br />

To leto so se vsi večji otroci naučili<br />

plavati. Tako proti koncu<br />

počitnic sploh niso več uporabljali<br />

plavalnih pripomočkov. Plavanja pa<br />

se težko naučijo njihove matere, saj<br />

je večino <strong>st</strong>rah visoke vode, nekatere<br />

pa imajo ta <strong>st</strong>rah v sebi <strong>za</strong>radi preteklih<br />

življenjskih izkušenj. Ob večerih<br />

smo <strong>za</strong> otroke pripravili branje pravljic<br />

in sprehode po me<strong>st</strong>u. Matere pa<br />

so delale načrte <strong>za</strong> jutrišnje kosilo in<br />

se <strong>za</strong>bavale po svoje. Med pogovori,<br />

ki <strong>za</strong>polnijo večino našega skupnega<br />

časa, je venomer priložno<strong>st</strong>, da sem<br />

39


med seboj pobližje spoznamo in si izmenjamo tako dobre,<br />

kot tudi slabe življenjske izkušnje. Vedno znova se<br />

program »Počitnice« pokaže kot dober »povezovalec«.<br />

Družine, ki že imajo <strong>st</strong>atus begunca ali imajo dovoljenje<br />

<strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong>časno bivanje v RS sicer živijo v Sloveniji, vendar na<br />

različnih koncih, tako čez leto izgubijo <strong>st</strong>ik. Počitnice so<br />

priložno<strong>st</strong>, da se ponovno srečajo/mo in vzpo<strong>st</strong>avijo/mo<br />

medsebojne <strong>st</strong>ike. Za ženske in otroke je to vsekakor širjenje<br />

la<strong>st</strong>ne socialne mreže.<br />

Ob evalvaciji so ženske vedno znova poudarjale, da je<br />

bilo letos še posebno lepo in sproščujoče. Otroci so bili<br />

sicer živahni, vendar so i<strong>st</strong>očasno upoštevali tudi pravila,<br />

ki smo jih skupaj določili (umivanje rok in vzdrževanje<br />

higiene, ni bilo toliko nasilnega vedenja, poudarjali smo<br />

nenasilno komunikacijo, skupinsko delo oziroma pomoč<br />

drug drugemu pri manjših <strong>za</strong>dolžitvah). Tako je bilo<br />

vzdušje res prijetno tako <strong>za</strong> matere in otroke, kot tudi <strong>za</strong><br />

nas animatorke in <strong>st</strong>rokovni delavki. Komaj čakamo na<br />

počitnice drugo leto.<br />

40<br />

Zapisala: Rebeka Balažić Tonkli, dipl.soc. delavka<br />

Jezuitska služba <strong>za</strong> begunce<br />

“ODMOR ZA IZBJEGLIČKE MAJKE I DJECU”<br />

Od 23. – 29. augu<strong>st</strong>a 2009 Jezuitska služba <strong>za</strong> izbjeglice već sedmu<br />

godinu u<strong>za</strong><strong>st</strong>opno organizirala je odmor <strong>za</strong> majke i njihovu<br />

djecu. Pored žena, molioca <strong>za</strong> međunarodnu <strong>za</strong>štitu iz Azilnog<br />

doma, sa nama so otišle na more i žene sa priznatim <strong>st</strong>atusom<br />

izbjeglice i one koje u Sloveniji imaju privremenu dozvolu <strong>za</strong> boravak<br />

te naravno njihova djeca. Sa nama je bila i porodica, koja<br />

je tada bila smještena u Centru <strong>za</strong> <strong>st</strong>rance Po<strong>st</strong>ojna.<br />

Bilo nas je 33: 7 žena, 20 djece i 6 animatorici, među njima dvije<br />

<strong>st</strong>ručne suradnice.<br />

U Portorož smo krenuli u nedjelju 23.8.2009 poslije podne. Dobrovoljke,<br />

žene i djeca putovali si vlakom a nas dvoje <strong>za</strong>jedno sa<br />

dobrovoljkom kolima sa puno prtljaga.<br />

Na dolasku već je bilo kasno i vrijeme <strong>za</strong> večeru. Brzo smo pripremile<br />

slasne tje<strong>st</strong>enine, koje smo poslije napornih priprema<br />

i putovanja rado pojele. Večer je prošla u društvenim igrama i<br />

boljem međusobnom upoznavanju sve dok nismo išle u krevet.<br />

Svakog dana probudile bi se u sunčano jutro jer nam je bilo vrijeme<br />

jako naklonjeno. Poslije doručka otišle bi na plažu gdje su<br />

prolazili divni dani. Pored kupanja i skakanja u vodu, što je bila<br />

divna <strong>za</strong>bava, na kraju je bila posebna provjera »Tko se usuđuje?«.<br />

Onda su bile igre kao na primjer: jedem, jedem, jedem,<br />

trulo jaje, tko se boji crnog muža, ve<strong>za</strong>nje ruke, igra kartama,<br />

memorija, četiri u jedan red,, skakanje gumitvi<strong>st</strong>om in druge<br />

<strong>za</strong>bavne igre. Zanimljive i <strong>za</strong>bavne bile su i kreativne radionice,<br />

neke od njih čak i na plaži: izrada narukvica, plakati u tempera<br />

boji i posebna radionica na kojoj su djeca slikala i crtala po<br />

svojim tijelima i tijelima dobrovoljki. Na početku djeca se nisu<br />

htjela »isprljati« ali su se brzo opu<strong>st</strong>ila i na<strong>st</strong>ale su lijepe slike<br />

a platno su bila djeca i animatorice. Djeca su se bavila i drugim<br />

aktivno<strong>st</strong>ima kao što je slikanje na šalice <strong>za</strong> čaj, izradom razglednica<br />

i plakata. Pored toga su djeca bila podijeljena u tri skupine<br />

od kojih je jedna bila <strong>st</strong>alno <strong>za</strong>dužena <strong>za</strong> pripremu <strong>st</strong>olova i<br />

čišćenje poslije obroka. Žene su svaki dan vidjele kako su djeca<br />

spremna da pomažu ako im se rad pred<strong>st</strong>avi kao i<strong>za</strong>zov i na kraju<br />

prime nagradu, <strong>za</strong>hvalu, sladoled ili priču <strong>za</strong> laku noć. Jedna<br />

od majki je neko večer sa iznenađenjem rekla, da su se njezina<br />

djeca mnogo izmijenila i da su odgovornija <strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong>daće i da teško<br />

vjeruje da se to desilo.<br />

Žene su na plaži ležale i kupale se te mnogo pričale a inače su<br />

bile <strong>za</strong>dužene <strong>za</strong> pripremu hrane. Potrebno je bilo <strong>st</strong>rpljenje ali<br />

su svaku put uspjele pripremiti ukusan obrok <strong>za</strong>jedničkim snagama.<br />

Kušali smo dobre <strong>st</strong>vari iz različitih kultura i zemalja (krafne,<br />

pite ili burek, mongolska narodna hrana i slično).<br />

Ove godine sva veća djeca naučila je plivati. Tako na kraju odmora<br />

uopće nisu više trebala nikakvih oruđa <strong>za</strong> plivanje. Majke su<br />

teško naučile plivati zbog <strong>st</strong>raha od vode a neke iz <strong>st</strong>raha u sebi<br />

zbog proteklih životnih isku<strong>st</strong>va.<br />

Na večer smo djeci čitali priče ili otišli u šetnju gradom. Majke su<br />

planirale ručak <strong>za</strong> slijedeći dan i <strong>za</strong>bavile se na svoj način. Naši<br />

razgovoru uvijek su mogućno<strong>st</strong> da se bolje upoznamo i izmijenimo<br />

dobra i slaba životna isku<strong>st</strong>va. Svaki put program »Odmor«<br />

pokaže se kao dobar »veznik«. Porodice koje već imaju <strong>st</strong>atus<br />

izbjeglice ili dozvolu <strong>za</strong> privremeni boravak žive u Sloveniji ali na<br />

različitim krajevima tako da preko godine gube kontakt. Odmor<br />

je inda prilika da se ponovo sretnu i obnovimo međusobne kontakte.<br />

Za žene i djecu to je svakako prilika da prošire svoju socijalnu<br />

mrežu.<br />

Žene su na kraju i<strong>st</strong>akle ponovo da je ove godine bilo posebno<br />

lijepo i opušteno. Djeca su bila jako živa ali su poštovala pravila<br />

koja smo <strong>za</strong>jednički odredili (umivanje ruku i održavanje higijene,<br />

ni bilo toliko nasilnoga ponašanja, i<strong>st</strong>akli smo nenasilnu<br />

komunikaciju, <strong>za</strong>jednički rad i međusobnu pomoć kod manjih<br />

poslova). Tako je bila atmosfera <strong>st</strong>varno prijatna <strong>za</strong> majke i <strong>za</strong><br />

nas animatorice i <strong>st</strong>ručne radnice. Jedva čekamo slijedeću godinu<br />

i novi raspu<strong>st</strong>.<br />

Zapisala: Rebeka Balažić Tonkli, dipl.soc. radnica<br />

Jezuitska služba <strong>za</strong> izbjeglice<br />

“HOLIDAYS FOR REFUGEE MOTHERS AND<br />

CHILDREN 2009”<br />

From 23 to 29 Augu<strong>st</strong> 2009 the Jesuit Refugee Service, already<br />

for seven consecutive years, organised holidays for mothers<br />

and their children. Besides the applicants for international<br />

protection and their children from Asylum Centre there were<br />

also women recognised refugees and those with the temporary<br />

residence permit plus their children who went to the seaside<br />

with us. A family who then <strong>st</strong>ayed in the Aliens Centre in Po<strong>st</strong>ojna<br />

also joined our company.<br />

We were 33: 7 women, 20 children and 6 animators among<br />

whom there were two professional associates.<br />

We went to Portorož on Sunday, 23. 8. 2009 in the afternoon.<br />

The volunteers and the children travelled by train but we, me<br />

and my volunteers, we had a car with a lot of luggage.


When we arrived it was already late and time for supper. We<br />

quickly prepared delicious pa<strong>st</strong>a we all enjoyed after the tiring<br />

preparations and journey. The evening was meant for games of<br />

society and knowing each other better until we went to bed.<br />

Every day we woke up into a sunny morning because the weather<br />

was very nice. After breakfa<strong>st</strong> we went to the beach where<br />

we spent wonderful days. Besides bathing and jumping in the<br />

water which was fun for everyone there was a final te<strong>st</strong>: »Who<br />

dares?«. We played all kinds of games of society such as I am<br />

eating, eating a rotten egg, Who is afraid of the Black Man?,<br />

tying knots on the hands, cards, memory, four in a row, rubbertwi<strong>st</strong><br />

jumping and other funny games.. Intere<strong>st</strong>ing were also<br />

creative workshops, some of them performed on the beach:<br />

making bracelets of ropes, po<strong>st</strong>ers in colours, a special workshop<br />

for kids who made drawings using colours on their bodies<br />

and those of volunteers . At fir<strong>st</strong> the kids did not want to make<br />

themselves »dirty«, but they soon relaxed and made wonderful<br />

pictures – the canvas were the children and the animators. The<br />

kids were busy also with other activities such as paintings on<br />

tea kettles, po<strong>st</strong>cards, po<strong>st</strong>ers etc.. The children were also divided<br />

in three groups. One was always in ge of setting the table<br />

and cleaning them after meals. Women were learning every day<br />

how their children were ready to help if you present a task in<br />

the right way as a challenge and in the end you reward them<br />

with thanks, ice cream or a good night fairy tale. One of the<br />

mothers therefore one evening mentioned with surprise that<br />

her children truly changed and became more responsible for<br />

their tasks and that she can hardly believed this was the case.<br />

Women were lying a little on the beach, talked a lot to each<br />

other but otherwise their duty was to prepare food. It takes a<br />

lot of mutual patience but every time they managed to prepare<br />

a delicious meal. W had an opportunity to ta<strong>st</strong>e various kinds<br />

of food from many countries and cultures(doughnuts, pies or<br />

“Burek”, Mongolian national dishes and so on).<br />

All bigger children learned to swim also this year. Towards the<br />

end of our holiday hardly anybody needed swimming utensils.<br />

It is hard for their mothers to learn swimming because the majority<br />

is afraid of water and they also have other fears due to<br />

their pa<strong>st</strong> life experience.<br />

In the evening we were reading fairy tales to children and taking<br />

walks in the town. Mothers were making plans for tomorrows’<br />

lunch and had their own fun. Talking to each other we<br />

had the opportunity to know each other better and exchange<br />

good and bad life experiences. The programme »Holidays« always<br />

proves to be an excellent »connector«. The families enjoying<br />

the refugee <strong>st</strong>atus have a temporary residence permit in<br />

Slovenia but they live in different places so that during the year<br />

they loose contact. The holidays are an occasion to meet again<br />

and re-e<strong>st</strong>ablish the contacts. This means definitely an expansion<br />

of social network for both women and children.<br />

On evaluating they kept saying that this year they had an especially<br />

good time. The kids were lively but at the same time<br />

they observed the rules we defined together (washing hands,<br />

maintaining hygiene, no violent behaviour, non-violent communication,<br />

common work and assi<strong>st</strong>ance in less demanding<br />

jobs). The atmosphere was therefore pleasant for everyone. We<br />

hare looking forward to our holidays next year.<br />

Author: Rebeka Balažić Tonkli, Graduate Social Worker<br />

Jesuit Refugee Service<br />

41


Obisk Triciklneta v Azilnem domu<br />

Posjeta Triciklneta u Azilnom domu<br />

The visit of the Triciklnet in Asylum Centre<br />

Dne 27. julija 2009<br />

smo ob 11. uri dobili<br />

v Azilni dom prav<br />

poseben obisk. Pred<br />

vhodom smo skupaj<br />

z otroki v sprem<strong>st</strong>vu<br />

njihovih <strong>st</strong>aršev<br />

čakali presenečenje.<br />

Pripeljala <strong>st</strong>a<br />

se mlada entuzia<strong>st</strong>a<br />

Robert Oven in Rada<br />

Kikelj. Začudeni, a<br />

hkrati nasmejani<br />

otroci so opazovali,<br />

kaj se bo dogajalo v<br />

Azilnem domu. Rada<br />

in Robert <strong>st</strong>a pričela igrati na različne in<strong>st</strong>rumente in<br />

spuščati milne mehurčke. Nato <strong>st</strong>a na tricikl naložila<br />

otroke in jih peljala do dvorišča pred objekt, kjer živijo<br />

družine. Otroci in tudi <strong>st</strong>arejši so preizkusili vse<br />

in<strong>st</strong>rumente, ki <strong>st</strong>a jih imela s seboj: to so bili mini<br />

pihalna klaviatura, dejeridu, piščal, kalimbo, boben,<br />

gong in drugi. Starejši moški in otroci so bili zelo navdušeni<br />

nad glasbo.<br />

KAJ JE TRICIKLNET?<br />

Triciklnet se<strong>st</strong>avljata mlada Robert Oven in Rada Kikelj,<br />

ki se s pomočjo Triciklovega multipraktičnega<br />

programa približata mlado<strong>st</strong>nikom v njihovih naseljih<br />

in na ulicah me<strong>st</strong>a, predvsem ti<strong>st</strong>im, ki med nami niso<br />

opazni in se v glavnem <strong>za</strong>držujejo po naseljih in ne-<br />

27. jula 2009 u 11.00 sati primili smo naročito posebnu<br />

posjetu. Ispred ulaska u Azilni dom, <strong>za</strong>jedno s djecom u<br />

pratnji njihovih roditelja očekivali smo iznenađenje. Došli<br />

su mladi entuzija<strong>st</strong>e Robert Oven i Rada Kikelj. Iznenađena<br />

i ujedno nasmijana lica djece gledali su što se događa u<br />

domu. Rada in Robert su počeli igrati na različite in<strong>st</strong>rumente<br />

i puštali mjehuriće od sapuna. Onda su na tricikl<br />

<strong>st</strong>avili djecu i odvezli je do dvorišta pred zgradom gdje<br />

žive porodice. Djeca i <strong>st</strong>ariji probali su sve in<strong>st</strong>rumente, od<br />

minijaturnih duvačkih, klavijatura, didžeridu, flauta, kalimbo,<br />

bubanj do drugih. Svi su bili jako oduševljeni zbog<br />

glazbe.<br />

42<br />

urejenih dvoriščih,<br />

otroških igriščih,<br />

hodnikih, … Triciklova<br />

posebna la<strong>st</strong>no<strong>st</strong><br />

je, da prevaža<br />

marsikaj, saj ima<br />

pred seboj odprt<br />

prtljažnik. S svojim<br />

pe<strong>st</strong>rim programom,<br />

ki je vedno odprt <strong>za</strong><br />

nove ideje, na nevsiljiv<br />

način ponuja<br />

mladim različne<br />

možno<strong>st</strong>i <strong>za</strong> sodelovanje.<br />

Pripravlja<br />

ga skupina mladih<br />

umetnikov, animatorjev, komedijantov, uličnih performerjev.<br />

Tricikel ponuja: Potujočo igralnico, Pripovedovanje <strong>za</strong>nimivih<br />

zgodb (specifične tematike, prilagojene okolju),<br />

Potujoče delavnice (Triciklaža – o<strong>za</strong>veščanje kam<br />

in kako z odpadki), Potujoča glasba in delavnice (Zven<br />

drugačno<strong>st</strong>i), ponuja mali bolšji sejem (medsebojna<br />

solidarno<strong>st</strong> in pomoč), Animacija roj<strong>st</strong>nodnevnih in<br />

drugih priložno<strong>st</strong>nih <strong>za</strong>bav, Mala potujoča knjižnica,<br />

Čajanke, Branje iz dlani (Hiromantija), Razna kori<strong>st</strong>na<br />

poučevanja idr., hkrati obiskuje tudi fe<strong>st</strong>ivale …<br />

Tricikel ponuja možno<strong>st</strong> vključevanja vseh mladih, ne<br />

glede na sposobno<strong>st</strong>, na znanje in na druge la<strong>st</strong>no<strong>st</strong>i.<br />

Edini pogoj: radovedno<strong>st</strong> in želja po spoznavanju drugačno<strong>st</strong>i.<br />

Irena Štrus<br />

ŠTO JE TRICIKLNET?<br />

Triciklnet je rad mladih entuzija<strong>st</strong>a Roberta Ovna in Rade Kikelj<br />

koji se pomoću Triciklnet sve<strong>st</strong>ranog praktičkog programa<br />

približavaju mladim ljudima u naseljima in na ulicama gradova<br />

naročito onima koji su manje vidljivi i uglavnom se <strong>za</strong>državaju<br />

u naseljima i neuređenim dvorištima, dječjim igralištima,<br />

hodnicima,… Posebna osobina Tricikla je u tome da nose<br />

sve sa sobom u prtljažnom pro<strong>st</strong>oru. Bogatim programom uvijek<br />

otvorenim <strong>za</strong> nove ideje nudi na diskretan način mladima<br />

različite mogućno<strong>st</strong>i <strong>za</strong> suradnju. Priprema ga grupa mladih<br />

umjetnika, animatora, komedijanta i uličnih glumca.


Tricikel nudi: Putujuću igraonicu, pričanje <strong>za</strong>nimljivih priča<br />

(specifične teme prilagođene okolini), putujuće radionice<br />

(Triciklaža – promocija ekološke obrade otpada, putujuća<br />

muzika i radionice (Zvuk različito<strong>st</strong>i), mali buvljak (međusobna<br />

solidarno<strong>st</strong> i pomoć), animacija rođendana i drugih<br />

<strong>za</strong>bava, mala putujuća biblioteka, čajanke, čitanje iz dlanova<br />

(Hiromantija), razne korisne na<strong>st</strong>ave i sudjelovanje na<br />

raznim fe<strong>st</strong>ivalima…<br />

Tricikel nudi mogućno<strong>st</strong> sudjelovanja svih mladih bez obzira<br />

na sposobno<strong>st</strong> in nivo znanja i druge osobine. Jedini oslov<br />

je znatiželja i volja upoznati.<br />

Irena Štrus<br />

On 27July 2009 at 11.00 h we received a truly special visit<br />

in Asylum Centre. AT the entrance in the Asylum Centre we<br />

were waiting for the surprise together with the children and<br />

their parents. Two young enthusia<strong>st</strong>s came, Robert Oven<br />

and Rada Kikelj. The amazed and happy faces of the children<br />

were watching what was going to happen in Asylum Centre.<br />

Rada and Robert began <strong>st</strong>arted playing various musical in<strong>st</strong>ruments,<br />

blowing soap bubbles. Then on a tricycle they<br />

carried children and took them to the courtyard and in from<br />

of the building where families live. The children and also<br />

the elderly tried all the available in<strong>st</strong>ruments: mini wind<br />

in<strong>st</strong>ruments, keyboards, didgeridoo flute, kalimbo, drum.<br />

gong and others. They were all thrilled at the music.<br />

WHAT IS TRICIKLNET?<br />

Triciklnet is performed by two young enthusia<strong>st</strong>s Robert<br />

Oven in Rada Kikelj who through the Tricikel multi-practical<br />

programme approach young people in the places where<br />

they live and in the city <strong>st</strong>reets, children and young people<br />

how are not noticed and gather together mainly in neighbourhoods,<br />

courtyards, playgrounds, corridors… The particular<br />

characteri<strong>st</strong>ic is that they transport a lot of things<br />

on them and in their trunk. Their colourful programme is<br />

always open for new ideas offers discretely lots of possibilities<br />

for cooperation. It was prepared by a group of young<br />

arti<strong>st</strong>s, animators, comedians and <strong>st</strong>reet performers.<br />

Tricikel offers: Mobile playroom, narration of intere<strong>st</strong>ing<br />

<strong>st</strong>ories (specific topics adju<strong>st</strong>ed to environment), mobile<br />

workshops (Triciklage – awareness raising campaign on<br />

what to do with wa<strong>st</strong>e), mobile musical in<strong>st</strong>ruments and<br />

musical workshops (the sound of difference), flea-market<br />

(mutual solidarity and assi<strong>st</strong>ance), animation on birthdays<br />

and other fe<strong>st</strong>ive occasions, small mobile library, tea parties,<br />

palm reading (Hiromantia), various useful trainings<br />

etc. They also participate in foreign fe<strong>st</strong>ivals…<br />

Tricikel offers the possibility for all the young people to participate,<br />

regardless of their abilities and education level. The<br />

only requirements are curiosity and wish to learn about differences.<br />

Dragi prosilci ter prosilke <strong>za</strong><br />

mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito<br />

Lepo pozdravljeni v Azilnem domu, kjer bo<strong>st</strong>e prebivali<br />

v času vašega po<strong>st</strong>opka <strong>za</strong> pridobitev mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito.<br />

V tem času bo<strong>st</strong>e na<strong>st</strong>anjeni tukaj, imeli do<strong>st</strong>op<br />

do treh obrokov na dan ter pravico do osnovne zdrav<strong>st</strong>vene<br />

oskrbe. V zvezi z vprašanji glede po<strong>st</strong>opka so<br />

na voljo uradne osebe v času uradnih ur, vsakodnevno<br />

socialna služba ter pred<strong>st</strong>avniki nevladnih organi<strong>za</strong>cij.<br />

Želimo Vam pred<strong>st</strong>aviti kaj pomeni mednarodno<br />

<strong>za</strong>ščita ter nevladno organi<strong>za</strong>cijo PIC.<br />

KAJ SPLOH POMENI MEDNARODNA ZAŠČITA?<br />

Mogoče je vsem Vam bolj poznana beseda »azil«. Mednarodna<br />

<strong>za</strong>ščita pomeni nudenje <strong>za</strong>ščite ti<strong>st</strong>im posameznikom,<br />

katerim <strong>za</strong>ščito ne morejo nuditi države<br />

njihovega državljan<strong>st</strong>va oziroma <strong>st</strong>alnega prebivališča<br />

bodisi je to <strong>za</strong>radi vere, rase, politične prepričano<strong>st</strong>i,<br />

pripadno<strong>st</strong>i določeni družbeni skupno<strong>st</strong>i. Zaščito<br />

se tudi nudi posameznikom, če države nočejo ali ne<br />

morejo izvajati <strong>za</strong>konov (v času oboroženih spopadov,<br />

notranjih nemirov), <strong>za</strong>radi česar so ogrožene Vaše te-<br />

Irena Štrus<br />

meljne pravice in <strong>st</strong>e <strong>za</strong>to prisiljeni poiskati <strong>za</strong>ščito<br />

izven Vaše matične države.<br />

KAJ JE PRAVNO-INFORMACIJSKI CENTER NEVLAD-<br />

NIH ORGANIZACIJ - NA KRATKO PIC?<br />

PIC je nevladna organi<strong>za</strong>cija, ki deluje v skladu s<br />

splošno veljavnimi načeli mednarodnega prava, mednarodnimi<br />

pogodbami, u<strong>st</strong>avo, <strong>za</strong>koni in drugimi pravnimi<br />

akti, pri čemer je glavni cilj varovanje temeljnih<br />

človekovih pravic in svoboščin, <strong>za</strong>vzemanje <strong>za</strong> pravno<br />

in socialno državo ter demokratično ureditev.<br />

KAKŠNA JE VLOGA PIC-A V POSTOPKU PRIDOBITVE<br />

MEDNARODNE ZAŠČITE?<br />

Pravno-informacijski center nevladnih organi<strong>za</strong>cij - PIC<br />

v letih 2007, 2008 ter 2009 izvaja projekt Pravna pomoč<br />

<strong>za</strong> vse prosilce <strong>za</strong> mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito v okviru sofinanciranja<br />

programov informiranja prosilcev <strong>za</strong> mednarodno<br />

<strong>za</strong>ščito, sofinanciranega iz sred<strong>st</strong>ev Evropskega sklada<br />

<strong>za</strong> begunce in sred<strong>st</strong>ev Mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>va <strong>za</strong> <strong>notranje</strong> <strong>za</strong>deve.<br />

43


V času uradnih ur smo vam na razpolago, v kolikor<br />

imate vprašanja, ki se nanašajo na sledeče tematike<br />

(glede po<strong>st</strong>opka, odvetnikov, odločevalcev, pravnih<br />

sred<strong>st</strong>ev, rokov, združitve po<strong>st</strong>opka, združitve z družinskimi<br />

člani, zdrav<strong>st</strong>venih <strong>za</strong>dev, šol<strong>st</strong>va, vprašanja,<br />

ki se nanašajo na razselitev na privatni naslov, dela<br />

Medresorske komisije…).<br />

V primeru, da <strong>st</strong>e šele prišli v Azilni dom se vas informira<br />

o pravicah in dolžno<strong>st</strong>ih prosilcev <strong>za</strong> mednarodno<br />

<strong>za</strong>ščito in smo na vašo željo prisotni kot <strong>za</strong><strong>st</strong>opniki pri<br />

vlogi. Kadar je prosilec <strong>za</strong> mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito mladoletnik<br />

brez sprem<strong>st</strong>va, smo vedno prisotni pri uradnem<br />

po<strong>st</strong>opku. V primeru, da nas izberete <strong>za</strong> svojega <strong>za</strong><strong>st</strong>opnika,<br />

vas po potrebi <strong>za</strong><strong>st</strong>opamo pred sodiščem (Upravnim<br />

ter Vrhovnim sodiščem Republike Slovenije).<br />

KJE SE NAHAJA PIC TER URADNE URE PIC-A?<br />

Naslov PIC nevladnih organi<strong>za</strong>cij je na Povšetovi 37,<br />

v Ljubljani.<br />

Dnevno smo prisotni tudi v pisarni NVO (nevladnih<br />

organi<strong>za</strong>cij) v pritličju Azilnega doma, nasproti v<strong>st</strong>opa<br />

v kuhinjo. Delo poteka od ponedeljka do petka, in<br />

sicer v ponedeljek sredo in petek od 9-15 ure; v torek<br />

in četrtek pa od 9-13 ure.<br />

44<br />

Pripravila:<br />

Tina Šimunovič, PIC v sodelovanju z Aido Hadžihmetovič<br />

DRAGI MOLIOCI ZA MEĐUNARODNU ZA-<br />

ŠTITU!<br />

Srdačno pozdravljeni u Azilnom domu gdje ćete boraviti <strong>za</strong><br />

vrijeme vašeg po<strong>st</strong>upka <strong>za</strong> međunarodnu <strong>za</strong>štitu. Tu ćete biti<br />

na<strong>st</strong>anjeni i primati tri obroka hrane dnevno te imati pravo na<br />

osnovnu zdrav<strong>st</strong>venu skrb. U vezi vaših pitanja o po<strong>st</strong>upcima<br />

<strong>st</strong>oje vam na raspolaganju nadležne osobe radnim satima a<br />

svakodnevno socijalna služba i pred<strong>st</strong>avnici nevladinih organi<strong>za</strong>cija.<br />

Želimo vam objasniti što znači međunarodna <strong>za</strong>štita<br />

i našu organi<strong>za</strong>ciju PIC.<br />

ŠTO UOPĆE ZNAČI MEĐUNARODNA ZAŠTITA?<br />

Možda je svima vama poznatija riječ »azil«. Međunarodna <strong>za</strong>štita<br />

znači <strong>za</strong>štitu onih pojedinca kojih država njihovog državljan<strong>st</strong>va<br />

odnosno <strong>st</strong>alnog boravišta ne može nuditi <strong>za</strong>štitu i to<br />

zbog njihove rase, vjere, političkog nazora ili pripadno<strong>st</strong>i određenoj<br />

socijalnoj grupi. Zaštita se daje i ako države neće ili ne<br />

mogu primijeniti <strong>za</strong>kone (<strong>za</strong> vrijeme oružanih sukoba ili internih<br />

nemira) pa su te osobe zbog toga ugrožene i vaša temeljna<br />

prava prisiljeni <strong>st</strong>e onda tražiti van vaše matične države.<br />

ŠTO JE PRAVNO-INFORMACIJSKI CENTAR NEVLADNIH OR-<br />

GANIZACIJA - SKRAĆENO PIC?<br />

PIC je nevladina organi<strong>za</strong>cija koja djeluje skladno sa važećim<br />

principima međunarodnog prava, ugovora, u<strong>st</strong>ava, <strong>za</strong>kona i<br />

drugim pravnim aktima a glavni cilj je <strong>za</strong>štita osnovnih čovječanskih<br />

prava i sloboda te <strong>za</strong>uzimanje <strong>za</strong> pravnu i socijalnu<br />

državu te demokratski poredak.<br />

KAKVA JE ULOGA PIC-A U POSTUPKU ZA PRIZNANJE MEĐU-<br />

NARODNE ZAŠTITE?<br />

Tokom godinama 2007, 2008 i 2009 PIC izvodi projekt Pravna<br />

pomoć <strong>za</strong> molioce međunarodne <strong>za</strong>štite u okviru sufinanciranja<br />

programa iz sred<strong>st</strong>ava Europskog Fonda <strong>za</strong> Izbjeglice<br />

i budžeta Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>va RS <strong>za</strong> unutrašnje poslove.<br />

Radnim danima <strong>st</strong>ojimo vam na raspolaganju ukoliko imate<br />

pitanja u vezi: po<strong>st</strong>upak, advokati, nadležne osobe koje donose<br />

odluke, pravna sred<strong>st</strong>ava, rokovi, udruženje po<strong>st</strong>upka,<br />

udruženje porodičnih članova, zdrav<strong>st</strong>vo, školovanje, preseljenje<br />

u privatni smještaj, rad, Međuresorska komisije…<br />

Ako <strong>st</strong>e baš sada <strong>st</strong>igli u Azilni dom mi ćemo vas informirati<br />

o pravima i dužno<strong>st</strong>ima molioca i na vašu želju prisutni smo<br />

kao <strong>za</strong><strong>st</strong>upnici na predaji molbe. Ako <strong>st</strong>e maloljetna osoba<br />

bez pratnje uvijek smo prisutni u formalnim po<strong>st</strong>upcima. Ako<br />

nas i<strong>za</strong>berete kao vašeg <strong>za</strong><strong>st</strong>upnika <strong>za</strong><strong>st</strong>upati ćemo vas i pred<br />

sudom (Upravni i Vrhovni sud RS).<br />

GDJE SE NALAZI PIC I KOJI SU NJEGOVI RADNI DANI?<br />

Naslov: PIC nevladnih organi<strong>za</strong>cij, Povšetova 37, u Ljubljani.<br />

Svaki dan smo prisutni u kancelariji NVO (nevladinih organi<strong>za</strong>cija)<br />

u prizemlju Azilnog doma preko puta ula<strong>za</strong> u trpe<strong>za</strong>riju.<br />

Radimo od ponedjeljka do petka naime, ponedjeljkom,<br />

srijedom i petkom od 9 – 15 sati a utorkom i četvrtkom od 9<br />

– 13 sati.<br />

Pripremila: Tina Šimunovič, PIC<br />

u suradnji sa Aidom Hadžihmetovič<br />

DEAR APPLICANTS FOR INTERNATIONAL<br />

PROTECTION, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,<br />

Greetings to all of you in Asylum Centre where you will be<br />

<strong>st</strong>aying during your international protection procedure.<br />

You will be accommodated here and have access to three<br />

meals a day and the right to basic health care. If you have<br />

que<strong>st</strong>ions about the procedure there are officials available<br />

during working hours whereas social workers and representatives<br />

of non-governmental organisations are there for<br />

you every day. We would like to present what international<br />

protection means and our organisation PIC, an NGO dealing<br />

with legal aid (LIC – Legal Information Centre).<br />

WHAT IS INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION IN THE FIRST<br />

PLACE?<br />

You are all probably more familiar with the word »asylum«.<br />

International protection means the protection granted to<br />

those individuals whose countries of origin, nationality or<br />

residence are unable to offer them their protection due to<br />

race, religion, political opinion, membership in a particular<br />

social group. The international protection is also granted to


individuals if their countries are unable or unwilling to implement<br />

the laws (in armed conflicts, internal conflicts…)<br />

and are therefore at risk. You are then forced to seek protection<br />

outside your home country.<br />

WHAT IS PIC - PRAVNO-INFORMACIJSKI CENTER NEVLAD-<br />

NIH ORGANIZACIJ - LEGAL INFORMATION CENTRE OF NON-<br />

GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS?<br />

PIC is an NGO operating in line with applicable principles<br />

of international law, contracts, agreements, treaties, con<strong>st</strong>itution,<br />

legislation and other legal in<strong>st</strong>ruments. Its main<br />

objective is to protect fundamental human rights and freedoms,<br />

commitment to the rule of law and social <strong>st</strong>ate and<br />

democratic order.<br />

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF PIC IN THE INTERNATIONAL PROTEC-<br />

TION PROCEDURE?<br />

Pravno-informacijski center nevladnih organi<strong>za</strong>cij – PIC, in<br />

2007, 2008 and 2009 implements the project titled Legal<br />

Aid for All Applicants for International Protection within<br />

co-funding the programmes of informing these applicants<br />

by the European Refugee Fund resources and the Mini<strong>st</strong>ry<br />

of the Interior.<br />

During working hours we are available if you have que<strong>st</strong>ions<br />

regarding the following topics: procedures, legal counsels,<br />

Zgodovina Ljubljane<br />

Hi<strong>st</strong>orija Ljubljane<br />

Hi<strong>st</strong>ory of Ljubljana<br />

Me<strong>st</strong>o Ljubljana nosi v svojih nedrjih in na obronkih bogato<br />

in pisano zgodovino, ki se razte<strong>za</strong> skozi več tisočletij.<br />

Mitska preteklo<strong>st</strong> govori o tem, kako je grški junak<br />

Jazon, ki je ukradel zlato runo, z argonavti preko Donave<br />

in Save prišel vse do Ljubljanice. Pot ga je vodila preko<br />

ljubljanskega barja, kjer naj bi živel zmaj, ki ga je Jazon<br />

premagal, mitski dogodek pa se je ohranil v emblemu<br />

zmaja v ljubljanskem me<strong>st</strong>nem grbu. Po arheoloških ugotovitvah<br />

lahko prve <strong>za</strong>metke kulturnega poriva najdemo<br />

prav na območju barja, segajoče v 3. tisočletje pr. n. š.,<br />

v čas, znotraj katerega je datirana tudi ‘kronska’ najdba<br />

barjanskega okolja – do sedaj naj<strong>st</strong>arejše odkrito kolo,<br />

tako v evropskem kot tudi svetovnem merilu. Morebiti<br />

je prav to ‘poganjek’ mitskega zlatega runa, ki naj bi ga<br />

Jazon prinesel s seboj. Kakorkoli že, roj<strong>st</strong>vo širše kulture<br />

lahko najprej opazujemo na območju barja, in sicer s pojavom<br />

kulture mo<strong>st</strong>iščarjev in koliščarjev nekako dve tiso-<br />

decision makers, legal remedies, deadlines, family reunification,<br />

health care, education, relocation in private accommodation,<br />

Inter-departmental Commission etc.<br />

If you have ju<strong>st</strong> arrived in Asylum Centre we will inform you<br />

on your rights and obligations and can be present as your<br />

representatives on filing your application for international<br />

protection if you so wish. If the applicant is an unaccompanied<br />

minor we are also present at all formal procedures.<br />

If you choose us as your representative we shall also represent<br />

you before the Slovene courts. (Admini<strong>st</strong>rative and<br />

Supreme)<br />

WHERE IS PIC OFFICE AND WHEN ARE ITS WORKING<br />

HOURS?<br />

Address: PIC nevladnih organi<strong>za</strong>cij, <strong>st</strong>reet: Povšetova 37, in<br />

Ljubljana.<br />

Every day we are also in the NGO Office on the ground floor<br />

of Asylum Centre opposite the dining room. We work from<br />

Monday to Friday – on Monday, Wednesday and Friday from<br />

9.00 to 15.00 h but on Tuesday and Thursday from 9.00 to<br />

13.00 h<br />

Author: Tina Šimunovič, PIC<br />

in cooperation with Aida Hadžihmetović<br />

čletji pr. n. š., katerih naselbine so bile zgrajene na poplavljenem<br />

jezerskem območju, razte<strong>za</strong>joče se na jugovzhodnem<br />

predelu in segajoče vse do današnje Vrhnike. V<br />

času okoli prvega tisočletja pr. n. š. na območju regije<br />

opazujemo pojav kulture žarnih grobišč, katerih etnične<br />

pripadno<strong>st</strong>i ne poznamo. Ni izključeno, da so reko Ljubljanico<br />

uporabljali kot neke vr<strong>st</strong>e pot v ono<strong>st</strong>ran<strong>st</strong>vo. Kasneje,<br />

a preden lahko govorimo o rimski provinci Emoni, se<br />

na tem območju zvr<strong>st</strong>ijo kulture Ilirov, Venetov in Keltov,<br />

Ljubljana pa je pred prihodom Rimljanov del kralje<strong>st</strong>va,<br />

imenovanega Norik. V čas okoli prvega <strong>st</strong>oletja pr. n. š.<br />

lahko po<strong>st</strong>avimo <strong>za</strong>četke oblikovanja province Emone,<br />

najprej sicer kot vojaškega tabora Rimljanov, okoli prvega<br />

<strong>st</strong>oletja našega štetja pa se že oblikuje v <strong>st</strong>rateško in<br />

trgovsko po<strong>st</strong>ojanko rimskega cesar<strong>st</strong>va z razvito upravo,<br />

si<strong>st</strong>emom centralnega ogrevanja, 5.000 do 6.000 prebivalci,<br />

in seveda, svojim božan<strong>st</strong>vom, boginjo Equrno.<br />

45


Provinca je padla in bila porušena ob vdoru Hunov v četrtem<br />

<strong>st</strong>oletju, območje Ljubljane pa so v še<strong>st</strong>em <strong>st</strong>oletju<br />

pričela naseljevati slovanska plemena in ljud<strong>st</strong>va. Prve<br />

pisne omembe Ljubljane, imenovane tedaj slovansko Luwigana<br />

in nemško Laibach, najdemo v <strong>za</strong>pisih iz 11. <strong>st</strong>oletja.<br />

Ime Luwigana verjetno izhaja iz latinskega aluviana<br />

kot izra<strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong> poplavljanje. Nov kulturni impulz v njenem<br />

na<strong>st</strong>ajanju lahko vidimo okoli 13. <strong>st</strong>oletja našega štetja,<br />

ko se me<strong>st</strong>o deli v tri jedra: Stari, Me<strong>st</strong>ni in Novi trg, vsa<br />

oblikovana okoli me<strong>st</strong>nega gradu. Vsako jedro ima svoje<br />

obzidje, v me<strong>st</strong>o pa vodi pet vrat. Tedanji Laibach po<strong>st</strong>ane<br />

središče dežele Kranjske, ki je v pose<strong>st</strong>i Habsburžanov,<br />

ima svojo kovnico denarja, meščani in obrtniki pa so razdeljeni<br />

v cehe. V 15. <strong>st</strong>oletju je v me<strong>st</strong>u u<strong>st</strong>anovljena škofija<br />

in cerkev svetega Nikolaja se preoblikuje v <strong>st</strong>olnico.<br />

Leta 1515 me<strong>st</strong>o pri<strong>za</strong>dene potres, obnovijo ga v renesančnem<br />

slogu in na novo obzidajo. Hkrati je to čas pora<strong>st</strong>a<br />

in oblikovanja slovenske kulture in prote<strong>st</strong>antizma ter<br />

obdobje, v katerem Primož Trubar leta 1550 izda prvi slovenski<br />

knjigi, Katekizem in Abecednik, Jurij Dalmatin pa<br />

prevede Biblijo. Konec 16. <strong>st</strong>oletja je u<strong>st</strong>anovljena gimnazija,<br />

iz katere se nato razvije Academia Operosorum,<br />

po vzoru italijanskih učenjakov. Ljubljana se ponovno<br />

preoblikuje pod vplivom baroka in pritokom italijanskih<br />

umetnikov, kot je na primer Francesco di Robba. Habsburška<br />

vladavina je prekinjena v letih 1809 do 1811, ko<br />

Ljubljano <strong>za</strong>sedejo Francozi in po<strong>st</strong>ane ena izmed Ilirskih<br />

provinc, slovenščina pa po<strong>st</strong>ane eden izmed uradnih jezikov.<br />

Francoska okupacija ne traja prav dolgo in kmalu<br />

je Ljubljana pod vladavino Av<strong>st</strong>roogrskega cesar<strong>st</strong>va, a<br />

46<br />

z vse večjo ra<strong>st</strong>jo slovenske kulture, u<strong>st</strong>anovljena je Slovenska<br />

matica, Janez Bleiweis pa <strong>za</strong>čne izdajati Kmetijske<br />

in rokodelske novice, prvi časopis v slovenskem jeziku. V<br />

drugi polovici 19. <strong>st</strong>oletja dobi Ljubljana železniško pove<strong>za</strong>vo<br />

najprej z Dunajem, nato še s Tr<strong>st</strong>om, ob koncu <strong>st</strong>oletja<br />

pa <strong>za</strong>zvoni prvi telefon in <strong>za</strong>sveti prva žarnica. Prav<br />

na koncu pred<strong>za</strong>dnjega <strong>st</strong>oletja Ljubljano ponovo <strong>st</strong>rese<br />

potres, in ključno spremeni njeno podobo, izvzemši <strong>st</strong>aro<br />

me<strong>st</strong>no jedro, kjer lahko opazujemo arhitekturo Luwigane<br />

pred potresom. Preo<strong>st</strong>ala leta me<strong>st</strong>a pa so <strong>za</strong>pisana v<br />

analih polpretekle zgodovine in naše mlade državno<strong>st</strong>i.<br />

Boštjan Kovačič<br />

Grad Ljubljana nosi u sebi i svoji okolini bogatu i šarenu hi<strong>st</strong>oriju<br />

preko više tisuća godina. Mitska prošlo<strong>st</strong> govori o tome kako je<br />

grčki heroj Jazon ukrao zlatno runo i <strong>za</strong>jedno s Argonautima plovio<br />

preko Dunava i Save, sve do Ljubljanice. Put ga je vodio preko<br />

ljubljanske močvare gdje je živio zmaj, kojeg je Jazon nadvladao<br />

i taj mitski događaj o<strong>st</strong>ao je kao slika zmaja u ljubljanskom gradskom<br />

grbu. Arheolozi su našli prve početke kulturnog života baš<br />

na području močvare iz 3. <strong>st</strong>oljeća prije naše ere od kada datira i<br />

„krunski“ pronala<strong>za</strong>k iz močvare - do sada naj<strong>st</strong>ariji točak nađen u<br />

Europi i svijetu. Možda je baš ti ta ‘mladica’ mitskog zlatnog runa<br />

koju je Jazon nosio sa sobom. Rođenje naše kulture na svaki način<br />

vidi se na području naše močvare u kulturi <strong>st</strong>anovnika na jezeru<br />

oko dvije tisuće godine prije naše ere kojih naselja su građena na<br />

poplavljenom jezerskom području na pilotima od Ljubljane pa do<br />

današnje Vrhinke. Oko prvog <strong>st</strong>oljeća prije naše ere na ovom području<br />

nađeni so grobovi sa žarama čije etnički izvor nije poznat.<br />

Nije isključeno da su rijeku Ljubljanicu upotrebljavali kao neke vr


<strong>st</strong>e puta prema <strong>za</strong>grobnom životu. Kasnije pre nego što možemo<br />

govoriti o rimskoj Emoni na ovom području bilo je i drugih kultura:<br />

Iliri, Venete i Kelti a Ljubljana je bila prije dolaska Rimljana dio<br />

provincije zvane Noricum. Za vrijeme prvog <strong>st</strong>oljeća prije naše ere<br />

na<strong>st</strong>ala je Emona prvo kao vojnički logor (ca<strong>st</strong>rum) a kasnije <strong>st</strong>rateški<br />

i ekonomski centar rimskog imperija sa razvijenom upravom i<br />

centralnim grijanjem sa oko 5 do 6 tisuća <strong>st</strong>anovnika i dakako božicom<br />

Equrnom. Provincija je pala i bila uništena sa <strong>st</strong>rane Huna<br />

u četvrtom <strong>st</strong>oljeću a u še<strong>st</strong>om počela su dolaziti slavenski narodi.<br />

Prve pisne napomene Ljubljane sa tadašnjim slavenskim imenom<br />

Luwigana i njemačkim Laibach nađemo u dokumentima iz 11. <strong>st</strong>oljeća.<br />

Ime Luwigana vjerojatno izlazi iz latinskog „alluvium ili alluviana“<br />

što znači izraz <strong>za</strong> poplave. Novi kulturni impuls pojavi se<br />

u 13. <strong>st</strong>oljeću kad se grad podijeli na trojicu jezgra: <strong>st</strong>ari, gradski<br />

i novi trg, sva ispod gradske tvrđave. Svako jezgro ima svoje zidine<br />

a u grad vode petorica vrata. Tadašnja Laibach je centra Kranjske<br />

i dio Habsburškog imperija, ima svoju kovnicu novaca, građane i<br />

obrtnike udružene u cehove. U 15. <strong>st</strong>oljeću grad osniva biskupiju<br />

a crkva svetog Nikole pretvara se u katedralu. Godine 1515 grad<br />

<strong>st</strong>rada od potresa i obnovljen je u <strong>st</strong>ilu Renesanse i grade se nove<br />

zidine. To je ujedno i vrijeme pora<strong>st</strong>a slovenske kulture i prote<strong>st</strong>antizma<br />

u kojem Primož Trubar 1550 godine izdaje prve slovenske<br />

štampane knjige, Kateki<strong>za</strong>m i takozvani Abecedarij a Jurij Dalmatin<br />

prijevod Biblije. Krajem 16. <strong>st</strong>oljeća osniva se gimnazija iz<br />

koje je na<strong>st</strong>ala akademija „Academia Operosorum“ prema uzoru<br />

talijanskih učenjaka. Ljubljana se ponovno pretvara pod utjecajem<br />

baroka i dolaskom talijanskih umjetnika kao što na primjer<br />

Francesco di Robba. Habsburška kraljevina ukida se od 1809 do<br />

1811 godine kada Ljubljanu okupiraju francuske snage i po<strong>st</strong>aje<br />

glavni grad Ilirskih provincija. U to vrijeme slovenski jezik po<strong>st</strong>aje<br />

jedan od državnih jezika. Francuska okupacija nije trajala dugo i<br />

Ljubljana brzo opet pada pod Au<strong>st</strong>rougarsko car<strong>st</strong>vo uz <strong>st</strong>alnu pora<strong>st</strong><br />

slovenske kulture. Osniva se Slovenska matica (literarno društvo)<br />

i izdaju se <strong>st</strong>alne novine – Bleiwesove Novine na slovenskom<br />

jeziku. U drugoj polovini 19. <strong>st</strong>oljeća Ljubljana dobije željezničku<br />

prugu do Beča a kasnije do tr<strong>st</strong>a a krajem <strong>st</strong>oljeća <strong>za</strong>zvoni prvi telefon<br />

te <strong>za</strong>sija prva žarulja. Baš na kraju tog vijeka Ljubljanu opet<br />

uništava zemljotres što će bitno izmijeniti njenu sliku osim <strong>st</strong>arog<br />

jezgra gdje još uvijek možemo diviti se <strong>st</strong>aroj arhitekturi Luwigane<br />

prije zemljotresa. Preo<strong>st</strong>ale godine grada <strong>za</strong>pisane su u analima<br />

polu protekle prošlo<strong>st</strong>i i mlade državno<strong>st</strong>i naše zemlje.<br />

Boštjan Kovačič<br />

The town of Ljubljana and its surroundings have a colourful hi<strong>st</strong>ory<br />

throughout millennia. The mythical pa<strong>st</strong> speaks about the<br />

Greek hero Jason who <strong>st</strong>ole the golden fleece and travelled with<br />

his Argonauts over the Danube and the Sava all the way to the<br />

Ljubljanica river. He crossed the Ljubljana wetlands where allegedly<br />

a dragon lived and Jason defeated the bea<strong>st</strong>. This event<br />

survived on the city coat of arms containing the dragon and the<br />

tower. The archaeology findings show the fir<strong>st</strong> beginnings of<br />

culture in the surroundings of the wetlands dating back to the<br />

3 rd millennium BC where the “crown” artefact was found – so far<br />

the olde<strong>st</strong> discovered wheel in Europe and the world. This is<br />

perhaps the “sprout” of the mythical golden fleece that Jason<br />

brought with him. We can observe the birth of culture fir<strong>st</strong> in the<br />

area of the Ljubljana wetlands with its fir<strong>st</strong> inhabitants – lake<br />

dwellers some two millennia BC whose dwellings were built on<br />

the lake that flooded the entire area from Ljubljana to Vrhnika.<br />

In the fir<strong>st</strong> millennium BC we can see the new phenomenon, the<br />

culture of funeral urns whose ethnical affiliation is unknown. It<br />

cannot be ruled out that the Ljubljanica river was used as some<br />

kind of path towards the afterlife. Later before we can speak<br />

about the Roman settlement Emona there were other cultures:<br />

Illyrians, Venets and Celts. Before the arrival of Romans Ljubljana<br />

was a part of the province called Noricum. Some time<br />

round the fir<strong>st</strong> century AD we see the beginnings of Emona, fir<strong>st</strong><br />

as a military camp (ca<strong>st</strong>rum) of the Roman legions but later it<br />

was formed as a <strong>st</strong>rategic and commercial <strong>st</strong>ronghold of the Roman<br />

empire with e<strong>st</strong>ablished public admini<strong>st</strong>ration and central<br />

heating sy<strong>st</strong>em with 5 to 6 thousand inhabitants. The town<br />

had of course its goddess Equrna. The entire province fell and<br />

was de<strong>st</strong>royed following the attacks of the Huns in the fourth<br />

century AD. In the sixth century AD the Ljubljana area became<br />

populated by the Slavic tribes and peoples. The fir<strong>st</strong> written<br />

mention of Ljubljana then named Luwigana (Slavonic) and later<br />

in German as Laibach can be found in the documents of the 11 th<br />

century. The name of Luwigana probably arises from the Latin<br />

“alluvium” as an expression of flooding. A new cultural initiative<br />

can be found in the 13 th century when the city was divided<br />

in three nuclei: the old, the town and the new squares all <strong>st</strong>anding<br />

at the feet of the town ca<strong>st</strong>le. Every nucleus has its own fortification<br />

(walls) and there were five gates leading to the city.<br />

The Laibach of that time became the centre of the Carniola land<br />

under the Habsburg rule with its own mint-ma<strong>st</strong>er, townsmen<br />

and artisans who worked in gilts. In the 15 th century the diocese<br />

was e<strong>st</strong>ablished in Ljubljana and Saint Nicholas’ church was<br />

remodelled into a cathedral. In 1515 the city suffered from a<br />

terrible earthquake and was renewed in a Renaissance fashion<br />

with a new city wall. This is also the time of the growth of the<br />

Slovene culture under Prote<strong>st</strong>antism and the time when Primož<br />

Trubar published the fir<strong>st</strong> Slovene printed books in 1550: the<br />

Catechism and the Alphabet. Jurij Dalmatin translated the<br />

Bible. At the end of the 16 th century the grammar school was<br />

e<strong>st</strong>ablished from which later the academy Academia Operosorum<br />

was created following the model of Italian scholars. Ljubljana<br />

is remodelled again under the influence of the baroque<br />

<strong>st</strong>yle with the arrival of Italian arti<strong>st</strong>s for example the sculptor<br />

Francesco Robba. The Habsburg monarchy ended between<br />

1809 and 1811 when Ljubljana was occupied by the French and<br />

became the capital of Illyrian Provinces. AT that time the Slovene<br />

language became one of its official national languages.<br />

The French occupation did not la<strong>st</strong> long and soon Ljubljana was<br />

again under the Au<strong>st</strong>ro-Hungarian empire but the ever growing<br />

Slovene culture gave birth to Slovenska matica (Slovene Literary<br />

Society) and the fir<strong>st</strong> regular newspaper was published, the<br />

Bleiweisove novice (Bleiweis’ News) in Slovene language. In<br />

the second half of the 19 th century Ljubljana became connected<br />

with Vienna by the railway and later also with Trie<strong>st</strong>e. At the<br />

end of this century the fir<strong>st</strong> telephone rang and the firs electric<br />

bulb shone. At the very end of the 19 th century Ljubljana was<br />

shattered again by an earthquake that essentially changed its<br />

image except the old quarter where we can <strong>st</strong>ill admire the old<br />

Luwigana architecture before this disa<strong>st</strong>er. The other years of<br />

the hi<strong>st</strong>ory are described in the annals of the recent pa<strong>st</strong> and<br />

our young <strong>st</strong>ate independence.<br />

Boštjan Kovačič<br />

47


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