glasilo st. 2.indd - Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve
glasilo st. 2.indd - Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve
glasilo st. 2.indd - Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve
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2<br />
GLAS AZILA<br />
Izdalo: Mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vo <strong>za</strong> <strong>notranje</strong> <strong>za</strong>deve<br />
Republike Slovenije<br />
Interno <<strong>st</strong>rong>glasilo</<strong>st</strong>rong> prosilcev <strong>za</strong> azil in<br />
Sektorja <strong>za</strong> mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito ter<br />
Oddelka <strong>za</strong> integracijo beguncev in tujcev<br />
December 2009<br />
Leto 4, številka 8<br />
ISSN 1854-9608<br />
Sektor <strong>za</strong> mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito<br />
Ce<strong>st</strong>a v Gorice 15<br />
1501 Ljubljana<br />
Glavni in odgovorni urednik: Gregor Hartman<br />
Urejanje: Gregor Hartman<br />
Prevajanje: Peter Umek<br />
Lektoriranje: Janja Šušteršič-Nučič<br />
Sodelavci: Teja Gomzej, Boštjan Kovačič,<br />
Majda Polanc, Irena Štrus, Vesna Kovač,<br />
Irena Tiselj, Tonček Kopše, Tamara Antonaz<br />
Pogorevc, Nataša Potočnik, Franci Kumer<br />
Fotografije: Peter Zakrajšek - naslovnica, SOJ<br />
MNZ in DMI<br />
Tehnično oblikovanje: Mirsada Dželadini<br />
in Boris Teodorović<br />
Fotokopiranje: SADG<br />
Naklada: 250 izvodov<br />
KAZALO<br />
3 ..... Uvodnik<br />
4 ..... Zahvala donatorjem<br />
4 ..... Spoštovane prosilke in prosilci, sodelavci in<br />
prijatelji<br />
6 ..... Dragi naši varovanci, prijatelji in sodelavci<br />
7 ..... Obve<strong>st</strong>ilo o racionali<strong>za</strong>ciji dela in življenja v<br />
Azilnem domu<br />
8 ..... Internet v Azilnem domu<br />
8 ..... Spremembe <strong>za</strong>konodaje<br />
10 ..... Navodila <strong>za</strong> uporabo kartice urbana na<br />
me<strong>st</strong>nih avtobusih v Ljubljani<br />
13 ..... Integracijski ukrep <strong>za</strong> begunce<br />
v Republiki Sloveniji<br />
17 ..... Pandemska gripa<br />
21 ..... Sveti Miklavž ali sveti Nikolaj<br />
24 ..... Če<strong>st</strong>itka<br />
26 ..... Ugotavljanje ranljivo<strong>st</strong>i in nudenje pomoči<br />
osebam s posebnimi potrebami in delo z njimi<br />
28 ..... Jaz sem Badraa<br />
29 ..... Najboljše <strong>za</strong>upanje<br />
29 ..... Moje življenjske izbire<br />
30 ..... Skoraj prava zimska ruska pravljica<br />
32 ..... Tečaj slovenskega jezika v Azilnem domu<br />
33 ..... Cene Štupar - Center <strong>za</strong> permanentno<br />
izobraževanje v Azilnem domu<br />
38 ..... Nusret Demir<br />
38 ..... »Počitnice <strong>za</strong> begunske matere in otroke 2009«<br />
42 ..... Obisk Triciklneta v Azilnem domu<br />
43 ..... Dragi prosilci ter prosilke <strong>za</strong> mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito<br />
45 ..... Zgodovina Ljubljane
Uvodnik<br />
Uvodnik<br />
Editorial<br />
V <strong>za</strong>dnjih nekaj mesecih se je v Azilnem domu dogajalo<br />
marsikaj novega. V popoldanskem času in<br />
preko vikendov je <strong>za</strong>živel projekt ERF-a, ko so z<br />
nami delavci Arx-a, ki s svojimi <strong>za</strong>nimivimi delavnicami<br />
poživijo naš vsakdan. Sprejeta je bila nova<br />
novela <strong>za</strong>kona, ki spreminja nekatera določila Zakona<br />
o Mednarodni <strong>za</strong>ščiti, ki s tem po<strong>st</strong>aja prosilcem<br />
<strong>za</strong> Mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito bolj prijazen. V tem<br />
času so veliko dejavno<strong>st</strong>i in pomoči prosilcem in<br />
beguncem opravile tudi nevladne organi<strong>za</strong>cije, ki<br />
so dnevno z nami in vedno pripravljene pomagati.<br />
Tudi <strong>za</strong> naš časopis je vedno več prispevkov prosilcev<br />
in beguncev, kar me še posebej veseli. Nadalje<br />
smo končno dobili internet na katerega smo čakali<br />
tako dolgo. Res je tudi, da se nas je v tem času<br />
»dotaknila« recesija in moramo tudi mi prispevati<br />
svoj delež pri varčevanju, kar zna biti včasih malce<br />
moteče. Vendar me ob vsem tem navdaja optimizem<br />
tudi <strong>za</strong> prihajajoče Novo leto, z željo vsem<br />
ljudem odprtega srca, da Vam leto 2010 prinese še<br />
več lepih, veselih in srečnih trenutkov.<br />
Gregor Hartman<br />
U posljednjih nekoliko mjeseci do<strong>st</strong>a novog se dogodilo<br />
u Azilnom domu. Poslijepodne i preko vikende<br />
izvodi se projekt ERF kada su sa nama radnici ARX-a,<br />
koji svojim <strong>za</strong>nimljivim radionicama čine naše dane<br />
ljepšim. Usvojena je novela <strong>za</strong>kona o međunarodnoj<br />
<strong>za</strong>štiti koja mijenja određene propise i time ga čini<br />
ljubaznijim <strong>za</strong> molioce međunarodne <strong>za</strong>štite. Za to<br />
vrijeme ogromno aktivno<strong>st</strong>i <strong>za</strong> molioce i izbjeglice<br />
uradile su naše nevladine organi<strong>za</strong>cije, koje su dnevno<br />
spremne pomagati. I naš časopis primio je sve<br />
više članaka od molioca i izbjeglica što nas posebno<br />
raduje. Konačno smo dobili Internet kojeg smo tako<br />
dugo čekali. I<strong>st</strong>ina je da nas se „dotakla“ i recesija<br />
ali i mi moramo dati naš doprinos štednji što ponekad<br />
možda malo smeta. Ipak sam optimi<strong>st</strong>a što se tiče<br />
nove godine koja dolazi. Svima ljudima dobrog srca<br />
želim u 2010 što više lijepih i sretnih trenutaka!<br />
Gregor Hartman<br />
In the pa<strong>st</strong> few months many new things happened in Asylum<br />
Centre. The ERF project became alive in the afternoon<br />
and during weekends after the arrival of ARX employees who<br />
with their intere<strong>st</strong>ing workshops make our everyday life nicer.<br />
A new law amendment was adopted modifying certain<br />
provisions of the International Protection Act which is now<br />
much kinder to the applicants for international protection. In<br />
this time a lot of assi<strong>st</strong>ance activities took place by non-governmental<br />
organisations who are always ready to help. Our<br />
newspaper also received more contributions form applicants<br />
and refugees which pleases us a lot. Furthermore we finally<br />
got the Internet we were waiting for so long. It is true that we<br />
were also “touched” by the recession and mu<strong>st</strong> contribute our<br />
share to saving resources which can sometimes be di<strong>st</strong>urbing.<br />
However we are optimi<strong>st</strong>ic also about the forthcoming New<br />
Year and wish all the kind hearted people lots of beautiful and<br />
merry moments in 2010.<br />
Gregor Hartman<br />
3
Zahvala donatorjem:<br />
Zahvala donatorima:<br />
Appreciation to our donors:<br />
Kot vedno tudi tokrat izkoriščamo možno<strong>st</strong>, da se <strong>za</strong>hvalimo<br />
vsem prijaznim ljudem in organi<strong>za</strong>cijam, ki so nam s svojo<br />
dobrosrčno<strong>st</strong>jo polepšali marsikateri dan v Azilnem domu.<br />
Zahvaljujemo se gospodu Dejanu Mikužu <strong>za</strong> njegovo nesebično<strong>st</strong>,<br />
glasbeni skupini Koko in Mandovi <strong>za</strong> njihov <strong>za</strong>baven<br />
in melodičen prispevek ob praznovanju Svetovnega<br />
dneva beguncev, družinskemu gledališču Kolenc <strong>za</strong> pred<strong>st</strong>avo<br />
Lili v cirkusu in seveda nevladnim organi<strong>za</strong>cijam;<br />
Slovenski filantropiji, Jezuitski službi <strong>za</strong> begunce in Pravno<br />
informacijski službi, <strong>za</strong> vse dejavno<strong>st</strong>i, ki jih izvajajo <strong>za</strong> na<strong>st</strong>anjene<br />
v Azilnem domu.<br />
Spoštovane prosilke in prosilci, sodelavci in prijatelji<br />
Poštovani molioci, suradnici i prijatelji!<br />
Dear applicants, colleagues and friends!<br />
Leto 2009, v primerjavi z leti poprej, <strong>za</strong>ključujemo v okviru<br />
novega Direktorata <strong>za</strong> migracije in integracijo. Kot<br />
<strong>st</strong>e lahko <strong>za</strong>sledili v prejšnji številki Glasa azila, je bil<br />
direktorat u<strong>st</strong>anovljen spomladi letos, njegova glavna<br />
naloga pa je si<strong>st</strong>ematično in usklajeno vodenje migracijske<br />
in integracijske ter azilne politike v Sloveniji. S<br />
spremenjeno organi<strong>za</strong>cijo želi Mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vo <strong>za</strong> <strong>notranje</strong><br />
<strong>za</strong>deve izboljšati položaj tujcev, beguncev in prosilcev<br />
<strong>za</strong> mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito v Sloveniji.<br />
Področje azila je že dalj čas v ospredju <strong>st</strong>rokovnega dogajanja<br />
na področju migracij v Sloveniji. Pri tem direk-<br />
4<br />
V imenu vseh <strong>za</strong>poslenih v Azilnem domu Gregor Hartman<br />
Kao uvijek i ovaj put kori<strong>st</strong>im priliku da se <strong>za</strong>hvalim svim ljubaznima<br />
ljudima i organi<strong>za</strong>cijama koji su uljepšali dane u<br />
Azilnom domu svojom ljubaznošću.<br />
Zahvaljujemo se gospodinu Dejanu Mikužu <strong>za</strong> njegovo nesebično<strong>st</strong>,<br />
glazbenoj skupini Koko in Mandovi <strong>za</strong> njihov <strong>za</strong>bavan<br />
in melodičan doprinos prazniku Svjetskog dana izbjeglica,<br />
porodičnom ka<strong>za</strong>lištu Kolenc <strong>za</strong> pred<strong>st</strong>avu, Lili v cirkusu in<br />
naravno nevladinim organi<strong>za</strong>cijama; Slovenskoj filantropiji,<br />
Jezuitski službi <strong>za</strong> izbjeglice i Pravno informacijski službi, <strong>za</strong><br />
sve aktivno<strong>st</strong>i koje izvode u Azilnom domu.<br />
U ime svih <strong>za</strong>poslenih u Azilnom domu: Gregor Hartman<br />
As always let me take the advantage of this opportunity to<br />
thank all the kind people and organisations who made our<br />
days in Asylum Centre beautiful due to their kind heartedness.<br />
We thank Mr. Dejan Mikuž for his generosity, Koko in Mandova<br />
band for their funny musical contribution to the celebration<br />
of the Worlds Refugee Day, family theatre Kolenc<br />
for the show, Lili Circus and of course NGOs; Slovene Philanthropy,<br />
Jesuit Refugee Service and Legal Information Centre<br />
for all their activities aimed at the residents of Asylum<br />
Centre.<br />
On behalf of the Asylum Centre <strong>st</strong>aff: Gregor Hartman<br />
torat <strong>za</strong>sleduje dva temeljna cilja: izvajanje <strong>za</strong>konitih<br />
in hitrih po<strong>st</strong>opkov <strong>za</strong> priznanje mednarodne <strong>za</strong>ščite in<br />
<strong>za</strong>gotavljanje dobrih pogojev bivanja v Azilnem domu.<br />
Ob tem je potrebno opozoriti, da h kvaliteti bivanja v<br />
Azilnem domu poleg <strong>za</strong>poslenih zelo pripomorejo tudi<br />
pred<strong>st</strong>avniki nevladnih organi<strong>za</strong>cij, Visokega komisariata<br />
združenih narodov <strong>za</strong> begunce in drugi dobri ljudje,<br />
ki preko izvajanja številnih programov prosilcem in prosilkam<br />
omogočajo boljše počutje v Sloveniji. Hvala prav<br />
vsem. S ponosom lahko ocenim, da se je sodelovanje<br />
med navedenimi akterji na tem področju letos izboljšalo<br />
in poglobilo. K dobremu vzdušju pa seveda pripomore-
te tudi vi, spoštovane prosilke in prosilci, predvsem s<br />
prilagodljivo<strong>st</strong>jo, medsebojno <strong>st</strong>rpno<strong>st</strong>jo ter pozitivnim<br />
odnosom do bivalnega okolja.<br />
V letu 2009 smo se lotili sprememb <strong>za</strong>konodaje s področja<br />
mednarodne <strong>za</strong>ščite. Prva sprememba, ki je bila sprejeta<br />
poleti, se je nanašala predvsem na razselitev izven<br />
Azilnega doma. V letu 2010 pa bodo sprejete nove, nekoliko<br />
obsežnejše spremembe <strong>za</strong>kona, ki bodo posegale<br />
tako na področje po<strong>st</strong>opkov <strong>za</strong> priznanje mednarodne<br />
<strong>za</strong>ščite, kot tudi na področje vaših pravic in dolžno<strong>st</strong>i,<br />
in s tem k zvišanju ob<strong>st</strong>oječih <strong>st</strong>andardov.<br />
Sama bom še naprej skrbela <strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong>gotavljanje kvalitete<br />
bivanja v Azilnem domu, v Integracijskih hišah in tudi<br />
<strong>za</strong> izvajanje <strong>za</strong>konitih in poštenih po<strong>st</strong>opkov na tem področju,<br />
tako da bom svoje sodelavce vzpodbujala k <strong>st</strong>rokovnemu<br />
razumevanju področne problematike, k nadgrajevanju<br />
njihovega znanja in k najvišji odgovorno<strong>st</strong>i<br />
pri opravljanju svojih nalog.<br />
Želim vam, da bi se v Azilnem domu in Sloveniji nasploh<br />
dobro počutili. V letu 2010 pa vam želim čim več zdravja,<br />
nasmejanih lic in izpolnitve vseh vaših osebnih želja.<br />
Nina Gregori<br />
Godina 2009 uspoređena sa prošlom <strong>za</strong>ključuje se u novom Direktoratu<br />
<strong>za</strong> migracije i integraciju. Kao što <strong>st</strong>e čitali u prošlom<br />
broju Glasa Azila direktorat je osnivan u proljeće ove godine a<br />
njegova glavna <strong>za</strong>daća je si<strong>st</strong>ematično i koordinirano vođenje<br />
migracijske i integracijske te azilske politike u Sloveniji.<br />
Promijene mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>va u organi<strong>za</strong>ciji žele poboljšati položaj<br />
<strong>st</strong>ranca, izbjeglica i molilaca <strong>za</strong> međunarodnu <strong>za</strong>štitu o našoj<br />
državi.<br />
Područje azila duže vremena je u prvom planu <strong>st</strong>ručnih događaja<br />
na polju migracija u Sloveniji. Osim izvođenja <strong>za</strong>konitih,<br />
poštenih in što bržih po<strong>st</strong>upka <strong>za</strong> priznanje međunarodne <strong>za</strong>štite<br />
i garancija cilj našeg direktorata su što viši i kvalitetni<br />
<strong>st</strong>andardi smještaja u Azilnom domu in <strong>za</strong>konite te pravedne<br />
odluke u azilskim po<strong>st</strong>upcima. Moram da kažem da su kvaliteti<br />
boravka u Azilnom domu dali svoj doprinos ne samo <strong>za</strong>posleni<br />
nego i nevladine organi<strong>za</strong>cije, Visoki Komesarijat Ujedinjenih<br />
nacija <strong>za</strong> izbjeglice i različiti pojedinci. Hvala svima. Sama<br />
ocjenjujem da se je suradnja između različitih aktera ove godine<br />
poboljšala i produbila. I vi poštovani molioci možete dati<br />
vaš doprinos sa vašom prilagodljivošću i tolerancijom te pozitivnim<br />
odnosom do okoline u kojoj živite.<br />
U 2009 godini počeli smo izmjenama u <strong>za</strong>konu o međunarodnoj<br />
<strong>za</strong>štiti. Prva izmjena u ljetu odnosila se na premještaj iz<br />
Azilnog doma a u 2010 godini primiti će se nove šire izmjene<br />
<strong>za</strong>kona na području po<strong>st</strong>upaka <strong>za</strong> priznanje međunarodne <strong>za</strong>štite<br />
i vaša prava te dužno<strong>st</strong>i. Očekujemo da će donijeti nekoliko<br />
više <strong>st</strong>andarde od po<strong>st</strong>ojećih.<br />
U budućno<strong>st</strong>i očekujemo neke novo<strong>st</strong>i i izmjene u vezi novele<br />
<strong>za</strong>kona o međunarodnoj <strong>za</strong>štiti – podjela bremena među dr-<br />
žavama članicama EU i mogućno<strong>st</strong> takozvanog premještaja<br />
- resettlementa.<br />
Sama ću se i dalje brinuti o kvaliteti boravka u Azilnom domu,<br />
integracijskim kućama i poštenih te <strong>za</strong>konitih po<strong>st</strong>upka na<br />
tom području tako da ću svoje suradnike i dalje hrabriti u smislu<br />
<strong>st</strong>ručnog razumijevanja ove problematike i najviše odgovorno<strong>st</strong>i<br />
do rada kojeg obavljaju.<br />
Želim vam da se dobro osjećate u Azilnom domu i Sloveniji. U<br />
2010 godini vam želim vam što više zdravlja i što manje briga i<br />
da se ispune sve vaše želje.<br />
Nina Gregori<br />
If we compare the year 2009 with the previous one we see that<br />
we are ending it within the Migration and Integration Directorate.<br />
As you could see in the previous issue of the Voice of Asylum<br />
the Directorate was e<strong>st</strong>ablished this spring and its main<br />
task is a sy<strong>st</strong>ematic and coordinated management of migration,<br />
integration and asylum policy in Slovenia. By changing the<br />
organisation the Mini<strong>st</strong>ry wishes to improve the situation of<br />
aliens, refugees and applicants for international protection in<br />
our country.<br />
The area of asylum has been for a long time in the forefront<br />
of professional developments regarding migration in Slovenia.<br />
Besides the implementation of lawful, fair and smooth international<br />
protection procedures and relevant safeguards, the<br />
chief goals of our Directorate are the highe<strong>st</strong> possible living<br />
<strong>st</strong>andards in Asylum Centre and taking fair decisions on asylum<br />
claims. I mu<strong>st</strong> say that besides the <strong>st</strong>aff, non-governmental organisations,<br />
the United High Commissioner for Refugees and<br />
other individuals contributed to the quality of living in this facility.<br />
I thank them all. In my opinion that the cooperation between<br />
various actors in this area improved and <strong>st</strong>rengthened.<br />
You, dear applicants, can also contribute to the good atmosphere<br />
by being flexible and tolerant and by having a positive<br />
attitude to the environment where you live.<br />
In 2009 we also dealt with the changes and amendments in the<br />
international protection legislation. The fir<strong>st</strong> one this summer<br />
was the resettlement outside the Asylum Centre. In 2010<br />
new and broader changes in the law will take place both in the<br />
international protection determination procedure and your<br />
rights and obligations. It is expected that the law will raise the<br />
exi<strong>st</strong>ing <strong>st</strong>andard to a certain degree.<br />
W expect in the future some novelties and changes brought<br />
about by the law amendment to the International Protection<br />
Act on burden sharing between the Eu Member States and the<br />
possibility of relocating – resettlement.<br />
I myself will continue to look after the quality of residing in<br />
Asylum Centre, integration houses and the provision of lawful<br />
and fair procedures in this area by encouraging my associates<br />
for a professional under<strong>st</strong>anding of these issues and the highe<strong>st</strong><br />
level of responsibility in performing their tasks.<br />
I wish you may feel well in Asylum Centre and in Slovenia and<br />
lots of good health and less worries in 2010. May also all your<br />
wishes come true.<br />
Nina Gregori<br />
5
Dragi naši varovanci, prijatelji in sodelavci,<br />
Dragi naši štićenici, prijatelji i suradnici,<br />
Dear residents, friends and colleagues,<br />
Leto 2009, ki je skoraj <strong>za</strong> nami, nam je prineslo nešteto<br />
preobratov. Poleg vseh tegob in problemov, ki prežijo na<br />
vse nas skoraj <strong>za</strong> vsakim vogalom, <strong>st</strong>a se pojavili še svetovna<br />
recesija in kri<strong>za</strong>, ki še poglabljata vse slabo.<br />
Pred kratkim sem (ponovno) prebiral Konvencijo o beguncih<br />
iz daljnega leta 1951, ki je naš pomemben delovni<br />
pripomoček in kompas ter ugotovil, da je že hudo <strong>za</strong><strong>st</strong>arela<br />
in potrebna prenove, ali vsaj dopolnitve. Ne trdim,<br />
da <strong>za</strong>pisano v konvenciji ne drži, trdim, da je <strong>za</strong>pisanega<br />
premalo. Od njenega sprejema do sedaj so se poleg v njej<br />
naštetih oblik preganjanja ljudi pojavile še nove tegobe<br />
in problemi. Naj omenim samo nekatere najhujše kot so<br />
okoljske spremembe, ki v končni posledici ljudem povzročajo<br />
uničenje okolja, s tem pa lakoto, trpljenje in na<br />
koncu bedno smrt ter nadalje brezposelno<strong>st</strong>, ki povzroča<br />
revščino in ponižanje večinoma nedolžnih ljudi, ki si<br />
želijo le delati in živeti. Mnenja sem, da lahko ljudje ob<br />
veliki meri sreče in drzno<strong>st</strong>i zbežijo pred vojno, <strong>za</strong>rotami<br />
in preganjanjem, a kako naj zbežijo pred lakoto ali <strong>st</strong>rupenimi<br />
vplivi okolja ? Še bi lahko našteval, pa ne želim<br />
več vzbujati slabih ču<strong>st</strong>ev.<br />
V Sektorju <strong>za</strong> mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito MNZ se zelo dobro<br />
<strong>za</strong>vedamo, da življenje naših varovancev ni eno<strong>st</strong>avno,<br />
vaše izkušnje in zgodbe, ki jih slišimo pa o<strong>st</strong>anejo <strong>za</strong> vedno<br />
v naših mislih.<br />
V tem letu smo se zelo trudili, da bi vam bilo bolje, da bi<br />
se tudi počutili bolje,varneje in da vas slabi vplivi vašega<br />
prejšnjega okolja ne bi dohiteli. Poskušali smo vam<br />
u<strong>st</strong>variti nov dom. Seveda samo vi ve<strong>st</strong>e, če smo pri tem<br />
<strong>za</strong>res uspeli.<br />
Verjamem, da se trud vedno obre<strong>st</strong>uje in da je bilo opravljeno<br />
delo dobro. Zasluge <strong>za</strong> dobro delo pa gredo vsem,<br />
ki smo sodelovali, <strong>za</strong>to moram posebej izpo<strong>st</strong>aviti, nevladne<br />
organi<strong>za</strong>cije, ki delujete pri nas, Visoki komisariat<br />
združenih narodov <strong>za</strong> begunce, Rdeči križ, Karitas in posameznike,<br />
ki <strong>st</strong>e se še posebej trudili.<br />
6<br />
V letu 2010 želim prav vsem obilo zdravja,<br />
sreče in uspehov<br />
Tonček Kopše<br />
Godina 2009 skor je <strong>za</strong> nama i donijela je brojne promjene. Pored<br />
problema i muka koji na gledaju i<strong>za</strong> svakog ugla došla je i<br />
svjetska recesija te kri<strong>za</strong> koje su situaciju još pogoršale.<br />
Nedavno sam (ponovo) pročitao Konvenciju o <strong>st</strong>atusu izbjeglica<br />
iz daleke 1951 godine koji je naše važno oruđe in kompas<br />
i vidio da je veoma <strong>st</strong>aromodna i potrebna obnove ili barem<br />
dopuna. Ne kažem da ono što u njoj piše nije i<strong>st</strong>ina nego tvrdim<br />
da je to premalo. Od kada je usvojena su se pored nabrojanih<br />
oblika proganjanja pojavili i novi oblici te problemi. Od najgorih<br />
tu su ekološke promjene koje uništavaju okolinu a time<br />
glad, muke in na kraju bijednu smrt. Dalje tu je besposleno<strong>st</strong><br />
koja znači bijedu i poniženje većine nevinih ljudi koji žele samo<br />
živjeti i raditi.. Mislim da ljudi uz malo sreće i hrabro<strong>st</strong>i mogu<br />
pobjeći od rata i proganjanja ali kako bježati pred gladovanjem<br />
i trovanom okolinom? Još bi se moglo nabrojati ali neću<br />
širiti slabe osjećaje.<br />
U Sektoru MUP <strong>za</strong> međunarodnu <strong>za</strong>štitu dobro znamo da život<br />
naših štićenika nije jedno<strong>st</strong>avan a vaša isku<strong>st</strong>va i priče koje čujemo<br />
o<strong>st</strong>aju <strong>za</strong> uvijek u našim mislima.<br />
Ove godine jako smo se trudili da bi vam bilo bolje in da se osjećate<br />
prijatno i sigurno i da vas sve ono slabo u prošlo<strong>st</strong>i ne bi do<strong>st</strong>iglo.<br />
Pokušavali smo vam napraviti nov dom ali naravno sami<br />
vi znate dali smo <strong>st</strong>varno uspjeli.<br />
Vjerujem da se trud uvijek isplati i da smo dobro radili. Zasluge<br />
idu svima koji su radili s nama a pogotovo nevladinim organi<strong>za</strong>cijama,<br />
Visokom komesarijatu Ujedinjenih nacija <strong>za</strong> izbjeglice,<br />
Crvenom križu, karitasu i pojedincima čiji napori su bili posebno<br />
veliki.<br />
U godini 2010 želim baš svima mnogo zdravlja,<br />
sreće i uspjeha<br />
Tonček Kopše<br />
The year 2009 which is almo<strong>st</strong> behind us brought numerous<br />
changes. Besides difficulties and problems behind almo<strong>st</strong> every<br />
corner there came also the world recession and crisis that<br />
make things even worse.<br />
Not so long ago I read (again) the 1951 Convention on the Status<br />
of Refugees which is our important tool and compass. I found<br />
out that it is truly obsolete and needs reformulation or at<br />
lea<strong>st</strong> amendments. I do not say that what is written in the Convention<br />
does not hold true. I maintain that it is not enough.<br />
Since its adoption new forms of persecution appeared in addition<br />
to the ones described in this document. Let me mention a<br />
few wor<strong>st</strong> ones such as environmental changes that ultimately<br />
ruin the places where people live, cause hunger, suffering and<br />
finally death in misery. Then there is unemployment causing<br />
poverty and humiliation of the innocent people who only want<br />
to live and work. I believe that people if they are brave and<br />
lucky can escape war, plots and persecution but how can they<br />
run away from hunger or poisoned environment? I could enumerate<br />
more but I do not want to spread bad feelings
In our MOI International Protection Division we are aware that<br />
the life of our protégés is not simple. Your experiences and difficulties<br />
remain for ever in our minds.<br />
In this year we tried to do our be<strong>st</strong> to make you feel better and<br />
safer and that the bad influence of your previous life would not<br />
catch up with you. We tried to make a new home for you. Only<br />
you know if we truly succeeded.<br />
I am sure that efforts pay well and that we did a good job.<br />
The praise goes to all who cooperated particularly non-governmental<br />
organisations, United Nations High Commissioner<br />
for Refugees, Red Cross, Karitas and individuals whose efforts<br />
were especially precious.<br />
In 2010 I wish you lots of health,<br />
happiness and success!<br />
Tonček Kopše<br />
Obve<strong>st</strong>ilo o racionali<strong>za</strong>ciji dela<br />
in življenja v Azilnem domu<br />
Azilni dom je na domski skupno<strong>st</strong>i 9. 9. 2009 vse prosilce<br />
obve<strong>st</strong>il o varčevalnih ukrepih ter o skrbni rabi<br />
energijskih virov, kot <strong>st</strong>a voda in elektrika.<br />
Varčevalni ukrepi se uvajajo <strong>za</strong>radi zmanjševanja <strong>st</strong>roškov,<br />
<strong>za</strong>to smo prosilcem razložili, kaj pomeni racionali<strong>za</strong>cija<br />
in kako živeti v Azilnem domu. Povedali smo<br />
jim, da se na moškem oddelku <strong>za</strong>pre eno nad<strong>st</strong>ropje,<br />
s čimer bomo zmanjšali porabo vode in elektrike. Prav<br />
tako bomo varčevali pri pranju; odslej bo vsaka družina<br />
lahko oprala le dva pralna <strong>st</strong>roja na teden in le<br />
osebna oblačila.<br />
Poudarek pa je bil tudi na osveščanju prosilcev glede<br />
recikliranja oziroma ločevanja odpadkov, <strong>za</strong> kar smo<br />
zmanjšali tudi število <strong>za</strong>bojnikov oziroma jih nadome<strong>st</strong>ili<br />
z ločevalnimi <strong>za</strong>bojniki.<br />
Res je, da si vsakdanje življenje težko pred<strong>st</strong>avljamo<br />
brez teh dobrin, saj je normalno, da smo či<strong>st</strong>i in da<br />
nam je pozimi toplo in ob večerih svetlo. Kljub temu<br />
pa moramo energijo varčevati, saj ne pride sama po<br />
sebi. Zato smo se v Azilnem domu odločili <strong>za</strong> geslo<br />
Varčujmo z energijo!<br />
Vesna Kovač<br />
OBAVJEŠTENJE O RACIONALIZACIJI RADA I ŽI-<br />
VOTA U AZILNOM DOMU U SMISLU ŠTEDNJE<br />
Azilni dom je već na sa<strong>st</strong>anku domske <strong>za</strong>jednice 9. 9. 2009 sve<br />
<strong>st</strong>anovnike obavije<strong>st</strong>io o mjerama <strong>za</strong> štednju i brižnoj upotrebi<br />
energetskih vira kao što su voda, svjetlo i elektrika.<br />
Gornje mjere tiču se smanjenja troškova i zbog toga smo <strong>st</strong>anovnicima<br />
objasnili što racionali<strong>za</strong>cija znači i kako s tim živjeti u<br />
Azilnom domu. Pred<strong>st</strong>avljeno je bilo, da će se na muškom odjelu<br />
<strong>za</strong>tvoriti jedan sprat što znači smanjenje troškova elektrike i<br />
vode. I<strong>st</strong>o tako štedite i neke druge izvore energije uz racionali<strong>za</strong>ciju<br />
pranja što znači da će svaka porodica oprati samo dvije<br />
mašine odjeće u ijednu i to samo osobni garderobu<br />
Naglasili smo također i veću svije<strong>st</strong> među <strong>st</strong>anovnicima što se<br />
tiče reciklaže ili separacije otpadaka zbog čega smo smanjili broj<br />
kontejnera <strong>za</strong> smeće i <strong>za</strong>mijenili ih sa kontejnerima <strong>za</strong> separaciju<br />
otpadaka.<br />
I<strong>st</strong>ina je da si teško <strong>za</strong>mislimo normalan život bez tih dobara.<br />
A normalan život znači njihovu upotrebu. Lijepo je ako nam je<br />
zimi toplo i na večer svijetlo. Zbog toga se teško odričemo ovih<br />
dobara. Tako smo u Azilnom domu našli novu lozinku »Štedimo<br />
energijom!«<br />
Vesna Kovač<br />
NOTIFICATION ON THE RATIONALISATION OF<br />
WORKING AND LIVING IN ASYLUM CENTRE IN<br />
TERMS OF COST-SAVING<br />
During the meeting of the Asylum Centre’s community on<br />
9.9.2009 the management informed our residents on the co<strong>st</strong>saving<br />
measures and an economic use of energy resources such<br />
as water, light and electricity.<br />
The introduction of the above measures is aimed at co<strong>st</strong>-saving<br />
so we explained to the residents what this rationalisation<br />
meant and how to live in Asylum Home with it in the future. It<br />
was explained that in the single men’ s section one floor would<br />
be closed which means the reduction of the water and electricity<br />
consumption. By rationalising washing several resources<br />
may be reduced if a family uses the washing machine only twice<br />
a week for personal clothes.<br />
A particular <strong>st</strong>ress was laid upon awareness raising among the<br />
residents as regards recycling or separation of wa<strong>st</strong>e which<br />
means that the number of wa<strong>st</strong>e containers was reduced and<br />
replaced by those requiring the separation of wa<strong>st</strong>e.<br />
It is true that it is hard to imagine a normal life without these<br />
goods. But a normal life means that we use these resources. It<br />
is nice when we are warm in winter and when there is light in<br />
the room so it is hard to give them up. Nevertheless we have to<br />
save energy because it cannot be taken for granted. This is why<br />
we have now the following slogan »Let’s save energy!!«<br />
Vesna Kovač<br />
7
Internet v Azilnem domu<br />
Internet u Azilnom domu<br />
Internet in Asylum Centre<br />
Dolgo smo čakali nanj. A kdor čaka, dočaka. Dobili smo<br />
internetno pove<strong>za</strong>vo, ki bo sedaj namenjena vsem na<strong>st</strong>anjenim<br />
v Azilnem domu. Na razpolago so vam tri internetna<br />
me<strong>st</strong>a: Na moškem oddelku v sobi <strong>za</strong> obiske,<br />
na oddelku <strong>za</strong> družine, prav tako v pritličju v sobi <strong>za</strong><br />
obiske in na »Zaprtem oddelku«. Za uporabo interneta<br />
se dogovorite s svojim socialnim delavcem ali z delavci<br />
Arx-a v popoldanskem in večernem času. Internetni<br />
do<strong>st</strong>op vam je na razpolago vsak dan od 8h do 23h.<br />
Dugo smo ga čekali ali taj koji čeka i dočeka. Dobili smo<br />
internetsku vezu koja je namijenjena svima <strong>st</strong>anovnicima<br />
Doma. Na raspolaganju su tri internetska mje<strong>st</strong>a: u odjelu<br />
<strong>za</strong> samačke muškarce u sobi <strong>za</strong> posjete, na odjelu <strong>za</strong> poro-<br />
V juliju 2009 je Državni zbor Republike Slovenije sprejel<br />
spremembe in dopolnitve Zakona o mednarodni <strong>za</strong>ščiti.<br />
Najpomembnejša sprememba se nanaša na pogoje <strong>za</strong> razselitev<br />
zunaj azilnega doma. U<strong>st</strong>avno sodišče Republike<br />
Slovenije je namreč ugotovilo, da je pogoj <strong>za</strong> razselitev<br />
zunaj azilnega doma, ki se je nanašal na <strong>za</strong>sedeno<strong>st</strong> azilnega<br />
doma, neskladen z U<strong>st</strong>avo Republike Slovenije.<br />
Tako se od julija dalje zunaj azilnega doma lahko razselijo<br />
osebe, ki izpolnjujejo naslednje pogoje:<br />
— nesporno ugotovljena i<strong>st</strong>ovetno<strong>st</strong>,<br />
— u<strong>st</strong>rezno<strong>st</strong> bivalnih razmer na <strong>za</strong>sebnem naslovu,<br />
8<br />
dice također u sobi <strong>za</strong> posjete u prizemlju i u takozvanom<br />
„Zatvorenom odjelu“. Za upotrebu Interneta dogovorite se<br />
sa socijalnim radnikom ili osoblju ARX-a poslijepodne ili na<br />
večer. Do<strong>st</strong>up do Interneta moguć je svaki dan od 8 do 23<br />
sati.<br />
We have been waiting for it a long time. But all things<br />
come to those who wait. We got the Internet connection<br />
for all the residents in the Centre. There are three Internet<br />
areas: In the section for single men in the visiting room,<br />
in the section for families also in the visiting room at the<br />
ground floor and in the so called “Closed Section”. If you<br />
want to use Internet talk to your social worker or the ARX<br />
employees in the afternoon or evening. Access to Internet<br />
is available every day from 8.00 to 23.00 h.<br />
Spremembe <strong>za</strong>konodaje<br />
Promjene u <strong>za</strong>konu<br />
Changes in the law<br />
— že opravljen osebni razgovor.<br />
Prosilcu se lahko odobri razselitev zunaj azilnega doma<br />
tudi v primeru utemeljenih zdrav<strong>st</strong>venih razlogov, o katerih<br />
odloča posebna komisija. V izjemnih primerih se lahko<br />
prosilcu odobri razselitev zunaj azilnega doma, če se mu<br />
ne more <strong>za</strong>gotoviti name<strong>st</strong>itve v azilnem domu.<br />
Ker se na razselitev zunaj azilnega doma nanaša tudi finančna<br />
pomoč, so se s spremembami <strong>za</strong>kona spremenile<br />
tudi določbe, ki se nanašajo na finančno pomoč. Tako se<br />
finančna pomoč <strong>za</strong> razselitev zunaj azilnega doma prosilcu<br />
dodeli le v primeru, da nima la<strong>st</strong>nih sred<strong>st</strong>ev <strong>za</strong> preživ-
ljanje in da mu ni mogoče <strong>za</strong>gotoviti name<strong>st</strong>itve v azilnem<br />
domu. Izjema so le osebe, ki se iz azilnega doma <strong>za</strong>radi<br />
osebnih okoliščin razselijo v druge in<strong>st</strong>itucije, saj morajo<br />
plačevati <strong>st</strong>roške name<strong>st</strong>itve v in<strong>st</strong>ituciji, v katero so bile<br />
razseljene.<br />
Sprememba <strong>za</strong>kona določa tudi pogoje <strong>za</strong> razveljavitev<br />
razselitve zunaj azilnega doma.<br />
Druge spremembe <strong>za</strong>kona so bile bolj tehnične narave in<br />
na po<strong>st</strong>opke <strong>za</strong> priznanje mednarodne <strong>za</strong>ščite ter pravice<br />
in dolžno<strong>st</strong>i prosilcev <strong>za</strong> mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito ne vplivajo.<br />
Mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vo <strong>za</strong> <strong>notranje</strong> <strong>za</strong>deve že pripravlja nove spremembe<br />
in dopolnitve <strong>za</strong>kona, ki bodo obsežnejše in bodo<br />
na nekaterih področjih bolj vplivale na prosilce <strong>za</strong> mednarodno<br />
<strong>za</strong>ščito in osebe s priznano mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito.<br />
Nataša Potočnik<br />
U junu 2009 Državni sabor Republike Slovenije promijenio i dopunio<br />
je Zakon o međunarodnoj <strong>za</strong>štiti.<br />
Najvažnija tiče se oslova <strong>za</strong> preseljenje van Azilnog doma. U<strong>st</strong>avni<br />
sud Republike Slovenije dao je odluku, da oslovi <strong>za</strong> preseljenje<br />
van Azilnog doma u vezi njegove popune nije u skladu sa<br />
U<strong>st</strong>avom RS.<br />
Od jula dalje mogu se dakle van Doma preseliti osobe koje ispunjavaju<br />
slijedeće oslove:<br />
— nesporno u<strong>st</strong>anovljen identitet,<br />
— primjerno<strong>st</strong> oslova <strong>za</strong> boravak u privatnom smještaju; i<br />
— već obavljen osobni razgovor.<br />
Moliocu može se odobriti preseljenje također u slučaju utemeljenih<br />
zdrav<strong>st</strong>venih razloga o čemu odlučuje posebna komisija. U<br />
posebnom slučaju moliocu može se odobriti preseljenje ako mu<br />
se ne može osigurati smještaj u Azilnom domu.<br />
Pošto se na preseljenje veže i novčana pomoć promijenile su se<br />
i odredbe o novčanoj pomoći. Tako se ta pomoć može odrediti<br />
moliocu samo u slučaju da nema vla<strong>st</strong>itih sred<strong>st</strong>ava <strong>za</strong> život i da<br />
mu nije moguće osigurati smještaj u Azilnom domu. Izuzetak su<br />
samo osobe, koje se iz ličnih okolno<strong>st</strong>i presele iz Azilnog doma u<br />
druge in<strong>st</strong>itucije poto moraju plaćati troškove smještaja u in<strong>st</strong>ituciji<br />
gdje so bile preseljene.<br />
Promjene <strong>za</strong>kona definiraju i uvjete <strong>za</strong> ukinuće preseljenja van<br />
Azilnog doma.<br />
Druge promjene su tehničke i tiču se po<strong>st</strong>upka <strong>za</strong> priznanje međunarodne<br />
<strong>za</strong>štite i nemaju posljedica na prava i dužno<strong>st</strong>i molioca.<br />
Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>vo <strong>za</strong> unutrašnje poslove već priprema nove promjene<br />
<strong>za</strong>kona i dopune koje će imati više utjecaja na molioce <strong>za</strong> međunarodnu<br />
<strong>za</strong>štitu i osobe sa priznatim <strong>st</strong>atusom izbjeglice.<br />
Nataša Potočnik<br />
In June the Slovene National Assembly changed and amended<br />
the International Protection Act.<br />
The mo<strong>st</strong> significant change concerns the conditions for resettling<br />
outside Asylum Centre. The Con<strong>st</strong>itutional Court of the<br />
Republic of Slovenia namely ruled that the requirements for<br />
resettling outside Asylum Centre as regards the occupancy is<br />
inconsi<strong>st</strong>ent with the Slovene Con<strong>st</strong>itution.<br />
As of July therefore the persons who meet the following conditions<br />
are allowed to resettle outside Asylum Centre:<br />
— Their identity is e<strong>st</strong>ablished beyond doubt,<br />
— Adequacy of living conditions in the private address and<br />
the provision of these conditions in the private address;<br />
and<br />
— The personal interview has already been conducted.<br />
The resettlement outside Asylum Centre can be approved also<br />
in case of compelling medical reasons on which a special commission<br />
decides. In special cases an applicant can be resettled<br />
outside the Centre if the accommodation in Asylum Centre cannot<br />
be provided.<br />
Since the resettlement involves also the financial aid there<br />
have been also changes regarding the decisions on granting<br />
such assi<strong>st</strong>ance. It can be approved exclusively if the applicant<br />
has no own means of subsi<strong>st</strong>ence and if he cannot be provided<br />
with accommodation in Asylum Centre. The only exception are<br />
persons who are due to special circum<strong>st</strong>ances resettled in other<br />
in<strong>st</strong>itutions because the have to pay for the accommodation<br />
expenses in the in<strong>st</strong>itution where they were resettled.<br />
The changes also define the conditions for revoking the resettlement<br />
outside Asylum Centre.<br />
Other changes are more of a technical nature and are related<br />
to international protection procedures and do not affect the<br />
rights and obligations of applicants.<br />
The Mini<strong>st</strong>ry of the Interior is currently preparing new changes<br />
and amendments to the law that will be more extensive and<br />
have a bigger impact on the applicants as well as recognised<br />
refugees.<br />
Nataša Potočnik<br />
9
Navodila <strong>za</strong> uporabo kartice<br />
urbana na me<strong>st</strong>nih avtobusih<br />
v Ljubljani<br />
VRSTE KARTIC<br />
1. VREDNOSTNA KARTICA<br />
Vredno<strong>st</strong>na kartica bo nadome<strong>st</strong>ila sedanje žetone in gotovino.<br />
Kartica je prenosna, ker ni izdana na ime in je rumene<br />
barve. Nanjo je mogoče naložiti denar v vredno<strong>st</strong>i<br />
od 1 do 50 EUR.<br />
Z vredno<strong>st</strong>no kartico lahko v roku 90 minut od plačila<br />
vožnje pre<strong>st</strong>opate brezplačno. Cena ene vožnje je 0,80<br />
EUR.<br />
2. TERMINSKA KARTICA<br />
Terminska kartica je izdana na ime in bo nadome<strong>st</strong>ila vse<br />
vr<strong>st</strong>e sedanjih mesečnih vozovnic. Kartica ni prenosljiva<br />
in je zelene barve. Na terminsko kartico lahko poleg ali<br />
name<strong>st</strong>o izbrane mesečne vozovnice uporabnik naloži od<br />
1 do 50 EUR in jo uporablja, kot bi sicer uporabljal žetone<br />
ali gotovino. Če ima na terminski kartici naloženo veljavno<br />
mesečno vozovnico, mu bo si<strong>st</strong>em upošteval to in ne<br />
bo trgal sred<strong>st</strong>ev, če pa bo si<strong>st</strong>em <strong>za</strong>znal, da na kartici ni<br />
naložene veljavne mesečne vozovnice, bo si<strong>st</strong>em samodejno<br />
s kartice odštel vredno<strong>st</strong> vožnje.<br />
KAKO SI LAHKO SAMI PRIDOBITE TERMINSKE KAR-<br />
TICE<br />
1. ŠOLARJI, DIJAKI IN ŠTUDENTI<br />
Na šoli, ki jo obiskujete, lahko <strong>za</strong>prosite <strong>za</strong> obrazec Potrdilo<br />
o šolanju, ki velja <strong>za</strong> šolsko leto 2009/2010 oziro-<br />
10<br />
ma <strong>za</strong> tekoče šolsko leto in potrjenega prinesete na Javni<br />
prevoz Ljubljana. Polnoletni potrebujete tudi osebni dokument<br />
ali indeks.<br />
2. UPOKOJENCI<br />
Upokojenci morate prine<strong>st</strong>i odrezek <strong>za</strong>dnje prejete pokojnine<br />
in osebni dokument na Javni prevoz v Ljubljani.<br />
3. OBČANI<br />
Občani morate imeti s seboj osebni dokument.<br />
4. INVALIDI<br />
Za pridobitev kartice Urbana s pravico do brezplačne vozovnice<br />
(s spremljevalcem) morate na vpogled predložiti<br />
originalno odločbo Zavoda <strong>za</strong> pokojninsko in invalidsko<br />
<strong>za</strong>varovanje, iz katere je nedvoumno razvidna upravičeno<strong>st</strong><br />
do brezplačne vozovnice, in osebni dokument.<br />
5. BREZPOSELNE OSEBE<br />
Za pridobitev terminske kartice Urbana s pravico do nalaganja<br />
mesečne vozovnice s 50-od<strong>st</strong>otnim popu<strong>st</strong>om<br />
potrebujete potrdilo Zavoda RS <strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong>poslovanje o vpisu v<br />
evidenco brezposelnih oseb in osebni dokument.<br />
PLAČILO VOŽNJE ZA VEČ OSEB Z ENO KARTICO<br />
Z vredno<strong>st</strong>no ali terminsko kartico lahko plačate vožnjo<br />
<strong>za</strong> več oseb hkrati. To morate <strong>st</strong>oriti pri vozniku, ki na<br />
posebnem terminalu izbere želeno število vozovnic. Pre<strong>st</strong>opni<br />
rok 90 minut velja <strong>za</strong> vse, ki potujejo z vami.
KJE LAHKO POLNITE KARTICO?<br />
Prvo polnitev vam lahko izvedejo ob dvigu kartice na blagajni<br />
LPP na Celovški ce<strong>st</strong>i 160 in Slovenski ce<strong>st</strong>i 56.<br />
V bodoče bo kartice mogoče polniti tudi v 120 trafikah<br />
Dela Prodaje in 3Dva Tobačne, v treh Turi<strong>st</strong>ično-informacijskih<br />
centrih v Ljubljani (TIC), po<strong>st</strong>opoma pa bodo po<strong>st</strong>avljeni<br />
tudi urbanomati.<br />
Vsa me<strong>st</strong>a, kjer bo mogoče kupiti in/ali polniti kartice,<br />
bodo označena z okroglo rdečo nalepko z napisom “Urbana,<br />
enotna me<strong>st</strong>na kartica”.<br />
Na urbanomatu je najmanjša vredno<strong>st</strong> polnitve vredno<strong>st</strong>ne<br />
kartice 1 EUR, ker naprava manjših kovancev ne<br />
sprejema. Na blagajnah LPP (in kasneje v trafikah) je najmanjša<br />
vredno<strong>st</strong> polnitve 0,80 EUR, kolikor znaša vredno<strong>st</strong><br />
ene vožnje z žetonom.<br />
Urbanomati ne vračajo drobiža. Če na kartico ne želite<br />
nalagati dodatnega denarja, morate <strong>za</strong> plačilo pripraviti<br />
točen znesek!<br />
KJE LAHKO PREVERITE STANJE NA KARTICI?<br />
Stanje na svoji kartici lahko preverite na urbanomatu –<br />
podrobnejše informacije najdete v dokumentu Navodilo<br />
<strong>za</strong> urbanomate. Prav tako se vam ob validaciji na avtobusu<br />
<strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong>slonu validatorja vsakič izpiše tekoče <strong>st</strong>anje na<br />
kartici.<br />
KAKO PLAČAM VOŽNJO NA AVTOBUSU? (POSTOPEK<br />
VALIDIRANJA)<br />
V<strong>st</strong>op na avtobus je še naprej mogoč le pri vhodnih vratih<br />
pri vozniku. Na avtobusu <strong>st</strong>a nameščena dva validatorja<br />
<strong>za</strong> kartice Urbana – eden pri vozniku avtobusa in eden<br />
malo naprej, nad prvim kolesom avtobusa. Validator pri<br />
vozniku je namenjen predvsem plačilu vožnje <strong>za</strong> več oseb<br />
hkrati s kartico Urbana in plačilu vožnje s pomočjo mobilnega<br />
telefona (ta možno<strong>st</strong> še ni aktivna).<br />
Plačilo vožnje na avtobusu je zelo eno<strong>st</strong>avno. Kartico<br />
prepro<strong>st</strong>o prislonite k validatorju na avtobusu, in sicer k<br />
znaku roke, ki drži kartico Urbana (pri tem ni pomembno,<br />
s katero <strong>st</strong>ranjo kartico prislonite).<br />
— Pri vredno<strong>st</strong>ni urbani vam bo si<strong>st</strong>em od naloženih voženj<br />
odštel 0,80 EUR, torej trenutno veljavni znesek<br />
<strong>za</strong> plačilo enkratne vožnje. Če bo<strong>st</strong>e v roku 90 minut<br />
pre<strong>st</strong>opili na drug avtobus, bo<strong>st</strong>e vredno<strong>st</strong>no urbano<br />
ponovno prislonili k validatorju, si<strong>st</strong>em pa bo vožnjo<br />
samo <strong>za</strong>beležil. Pri tem se bo na validatorju izpisalo<br />
PRESTOP, na ekranu pa se bo ponovno prika<strong>za</strong>lo <strong>st</strong>anje<br />
na vaši kartici, ki mora biti enako kot ob validaciji<br />
pri prvi vožnji.<br />
— Pri terminski urbani bo si<strong>st</strong>em le preveril veljavno<strong>st</strong><br />
kartice.<br />
— Pri terminski urbani, na kateri bo<strong>st</strong>e hkrati imeli<br />
naložena dodatna sred<strong>st</strong>va (dobroimetje), bo si-<br />
<strong>st</strong>em najprej preveril, ali imate na kartici naloženo<br />
veljavno mesečno vozovnico. Če jo bo<strong>st</strong>e imeli, vam<br />
bo si<strong>st</strong>em upošteval ta način plačila in vam ne bo trgal<br />
sred<strong>st</strong>ev. Če pa bo si<strong>st</strong>em <strong>za</strong>znal, da na kartici ni<br />
naložene veljavne mesečne vozovnice, vam bo samodejno<br />
od dodatno naloženih sred<strong>st</strong>ev odštel vredno<strong>st</strong><br />
vožnje.<br />
Uspešna validacija kartice Urbana bo potrjena z zvočnim<br />
in s svetlobnim signalom – kljukica na levi zgornji <strong>st</strong>rani<br />
validatorja bo <strong>za</strong>svetila zeleno. Oba signala se aktivirata<br />
tudi ob validaciji pri pre<strong>st</strong>opu.<br />
Če kartica ne bo veljavna, bo na zgornji desni <strong>st</strong>rani validatorja<br />
<strong>za</strong>svetil rdeč križec, obenem pa bo<strong>st</strong>e <strong>za</strong>slišali<br />
zvočni signal.<br />
Ko si<strong>st</strong>em ne bo deloval ali v primeru druge napake na<br />
si<strong>st</strong>emu, bo svetila ali utripala rdeča lučka, ki se na validatorju<br />
nahaja med kljukico in križcem.<br />
Če po validaciji kartico še enkrat prislonite k validatorju,<br />
se na <strong>za</strong>slonu izpiše ŽE VALIDIRANA, ponovno pa se vam<br />
prikaže tudi <strong>st</strong>anje na njej.<br />
POMEMBNO OPOZORILO<br />
Uporabniki terminskih kartic bodo morali ob morebitni<br />
kontroli na avtobusu poka<strong>za</strong>ti osebni dokument s fotografijo<br />
(osebna izkaznica, potni li<strong>st</strong>, vozniško dovoljenje,<br />
kolesarski izpit, indeks, dijaška ali študentska izkaznica).<br />
Veljavno<strong>st</strong> obeh vr<strong>st</strong> kartic bodo nadzirali kontrolorji<br />
LPP, me<strong>st</strong>ni redarji in me<strong>st</strong>ni inšpektorji, ki od potnika z<br />
neveljavno vozovnico lahko <strong>za</strong>htevajo, da <strong>za</strong>pu<strong>st</strong>i vozilo<br />
in mu vozovnico lahko odv<strong>za</strong>mejo.<br />
Kazen <strong>za</strong> uporabo neveljavne vozovnice ali neplačilo voznine<br />
znaša 40 EUR.<br />
Strošek ponovne izdaje odvzete kartice znaša dodatnih<br />
40 EUR.<br />
Izgubo terminske kartice bodo obravnavali individualno<br />
in si pridržujejo pravico do <strong>za</strong>vrnitve<br />
izdaje nove kartice ali ponovne brezplačne naložitve veljavno<strong>st</strong>i<br />
<strong>za</strong> tekoči mesec, ki je bila že plačana na izgubljeni<br />
ali ukradeni kartici. Dodatne varno<strong>st</strong>ne omejitve so<br />
potrebne predvsem <strong>za</strong> terminske vozovnice z dodatnimi<br />
popu<strong>st</strong>i, kot <strong>st</strong>a dijaška in upokojenska.<br />
V primeru izgube ali kraje vredno<strong>st</strong>ne urbane, ki ni poimenska,<br />
vračilo pred izgubo ali krajo naloženih sred<strong>st</strong>ev<br />
ni mogoče, <strong>za</strong>to bo<strong>st</strong>e morali nanjo naložiti nova sred<strong>st</strong>va.<br />
Če kartico najdete, jo vrnite v eno od potniških blagajn<br />
LPP, ki se nahajata na Celovški ce<strong>st</strong>i 160 in Slovenski ce<strong>st</strong>i<br />
56.<br />
Pripravila: Irena Štrus<br />
11
UPUTSTVA ZA UPOTREBU KARTICE URBA-<br />
NA NA GRADSKIM AUTOBUSIMA U LJU-<br />
BLJANI<br />
TIP KARTICE<br />
1. VRIJEDNOSNA KARTICA<br />
Vrijednosna kartica <strong>za</strong>mijeniti će sadašnje žetone i gotovinu.<br />
Kartica je prijenosna pošto se ne izdaje na ime i žute je boje.<br />
Na nju možete naložiti novac u vrijedno<strong>st</strong>i od 1 do 50 EUR.<br />
Sa ovom karticom možete u roku 90 minuta od uplate vožnje<br />
pre<strong>st</strong>upati besplatno. Cijena jedne vožnje iznosi 0,80 EUR.<br />
2. TERMINSKA KARTICA<br />
Terminska kartica je izdana na ime i <strong>za</strong>mijeniti će sve vr<strong>st</strong>e<br />
sadašnjih mjesečnih karta. Nije prijenosna i zelene je boje.<br />
Na terminsko karticu možete umje<strong>st</strong>o mjesečne karte naložiti<br />
i novac, 1 do 50 EUR i upotrijebiti je kao žeton ili gotovinu.<br />
Ako je na terminskoj kartici naložena važeća mjesečna karta<br />
si<strong>st</strong>em će to uvažiti i neće oduzeti novac ali u suprotnom slučaju<br />
si<strong>st</strong>em će automatski oduzeti vrijedno<strong>st</strong> vožnje.<br />
KAKO MOŽETE SAMI DOBITI TERMINSKE KARTICE?<br />
1. ŠKOLSKA DJECA, ĐACI, STUDENTI<br />
U školi <strong>za</strong>molite <strong>za</strong> formular Potvrda o školovanju važeća <strong>za</strong><br />
školsku godinu 2009/2010 ili tekuću akademsku godinu i potvrđenog<br />
predajte gradskom prometu Javni prijevoz Ljubljana<br />
(LPP). Odrasli trebaju i lični dokument ili indeks fakulteta.<br />
2. BESPOSLENE OSOBE<br />
Za terminsku karticu Urbana i pravo na mjesečnu kartu imate<br />
popu<strong>st</strong> od 50% i trebate potvrdu Zavoda RS <strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong>pošljavanje<br />
da <strong>st</strong>e u evidenciji besposlenih osoba te ličnu kartu ili dokument.<br />
NAPLATA VOŽNJE ZA VIŠE OSOBA NA JEDNOJ KARTICI<br />
Vrijednosnom i terminskom karticom možete platiti vožnju <strong>za</strong><br />
više osoba i<strong>st</strong>odobno na jednoj kartici. To uradite kod šofera<br />
autobusa na posebnom terminalu – on će odabrati broj karata.<br />
Rok <strong>za</strong> pre<strong>st</strong>upanje je 90 minuta <strong>za</strong> sve koji putuju sa vama.<br />
GDJE MOŽETE PUNITI KARTICU?<br />
Prvo punjenje kad nabavite karticu je na blagajni LPP - Celovška<br />
ce<strong>st</strong>i 160 i Slovenska ce<strong>st</strong>a 56.<br />
U buduće kartice će se puniti in u v 120 trafika Dela Prodaje in<br />
3Dva Tobačna, u tri Turi<strong>st</strong>ičko-informacijska centra u Ljubljani<br />
(TIC), a po<strong>st</strong>avljeni će biti također i Urbanomati.<br />
Urbanomati ne vraćaju sitnog novca. Ako ne želite naložiti<br />
dodatni novac pripremite točan iznos!<br />
KAKO PLATITI VOŽNJU NA AUTOBUSU? (POSTUPAK<br />
VALIDIRANJA)<br />
Naplata vožnje je vrlo jedno<strong>st</strong>avna. Karticu jedno<strong>st</strong>avno približite<br />
u autobusu napravi <strong>za</strong> čitanje pored znaka ruke koja<br />
drži karticu (bez obzira sa koje <strong>st</strong>rane).<br />
12<br />
— Kod vrijednosne Urbane si<strong>st</strong>em će vam oduzeti 0,80 EUR<br />
znači važeći iznos jedne vožnje. Ako <strong>za</strong> 90 minuta idete<br />
na drugi autobus si<strong>st</strong>em će to samo <strong>za</strong>bilježiti a na ekranu<br />
naprave <strong>za</strong> čitanje pisati će pisati PRESTOP (TRANSFER).<br />
Na ekranu se vidi <strong>st</strong>anje na kartici koje mora biti i<strong>st</strong>o kao<br />
kod prve vožnje.<br />
— Kod terminske Urbane si<strong>st</strong>em samo provjeri dali je kartica<br />
važeća<br />
— Kod terminske Urbane na kojoj imate i<strong>st</strong>odobno i dodatna<br />
sred<strong>st</strong>va (kredit) si<strong>st</strong>em će prvo provjeriti dali imate važeću<br />
mjesečnu kartu i to primijeniti bez oduzimanja dodatnog<br />
novca. Ako na kartici nema mjesečne karte onda će<br />
vam si<strong>st</strong>em automatski oduzeti vrijedno<strong>st</strong> vožnje.<br />
Pripremila: Irena Štrus<br />
INSTURCTIONS FOR USING THE “URBANA”<br />
CARD ON THE LJUBLJANA CITY BUSES<br />
TYPES OF CARDS<br />
1. PAYMENT CARD<br />
It will replace the current bus tokens and cash. The card<br />
is transferable because it is not issued in the name of the<br />
holder and is yellow. It is possible to charge it with money<br />
from 1 to 50 EUR.<br />
In 90 minutes it is possible to change the bus line free of<br />
charge. The price of one trip is 0,80 EUR.<br />
2. FORWARD CARD<br />
It is issued in the name of the holder and will replace current<br />
monthly bus tickets. It is not transferable and is green.<br />
It is also possible to charge it with money from 1 to 50 EUR<br />
and use it as cash or bus token. If the forward card contains<br />
a valid monthly fare the sy<strong>st</strong>em will detect it and will not<br />
deduct money but if the card does not contain it the sy<strong>st</strong>em<br />
will deduct automatically the value of the trip.<br />
HOW TO GET FORWARD CARDS?<br />
1. SCHOOL CHILDREN, STUDENTS<br />
At your school ask for the form “Certificate on attending<br />
school” for the current academic year 2009/2010 and take<br />
it to the company Ljubljana Public Transport (LPP). You also<br />
need an ID or University Index.<br />
2. UNEMPLOYED<br />
For obtaining the forward card with the right to charge it<br />
with money the unemployed enjoy a 50% discount. You<br />
need the certificate on unemployment by the Employment<br />
Office RS and an ID.<br />
PAYMENT OF A TRIP FOR SEVERAL PERSONS WITH ONE<br />
CARD<br />
You can also pay your trip for several persons at the same<br />
time. You have to do it with the bus driver who will select the
desired number of tickets on the special terminal. Transfer<br />
deadline is 90 minutes for all those travelling with you.<br />
WHERE CAN YOU CHARGE THE CARD?<br />
On retiring the card at the LPP cash-box on Celovška ce<strong>st</strong>a<br />
160 in Slovenska ce<strong>st</strong>a 56.<br />
In the future you will be able to do it at all the 120 kiosks of<br />
Delo Prodaja and 3D Tobačna and the three Touri<strong>st</strong> Information<br />
Centres Ljubljana (TIC). The so called “Urbanomat” will<br />
also be gradually introduced.<br />
Urbanomat will not return the change. If you do not wish to<br />
charge the card with money prepare the exact amount!<br />
HOW TO PAY THE FARE ON THE BUS? (VALIDATION<br />
PROCEDURE)<br />
It is very simple. Press your card on the validation device<br />
near the hand holding Urbana card (no matter which side<br />
of the card).<br />
— Using the payment Urbana card the sy<strong>st</strong>em will deduct<br />
0,80 EUR therefore the value of one trip by bus. If you<br />
change the bus line in 90 minutes you will press the card<br />
again on the validating device and the sy<strong>st</strong>em will only<br />
confirm the transfer. The screen on the validating device<br />
will show only PRESTOP (TRANSFER) and the screen<br />
will also show the balance on your card that should be<br />
the same as the one when you took the fir<strong>st</strong> trip.<br />
— Using the forward Urbana card the sy<strong>st</strong>em will only<br />
check the validity of the card.<br />
— Using the forward card on which you will also have<br />
additional money (bonus) the sy<strong>st</strong>em will fir<strong>st</strong> check<br />
the validity of your monthly card in if this is the case no<br />
money will be deducted. If the sy<strong>st</strong>em finds there is no<br />
monthly bus fare on the card it will automatically deduct<br />
the price of the trip from the additional resources<br />
loaded on the card.<br />
Prepared by Irena Štrus<br />
Integracijski ukrep <strong>za</strong> begunce<br />
v Republiki Sloveniji<br />
O <strong>za</strong>četku si<strong>st</strong>emskega pri<strong>st</strong>opa k integraciji beguncev V<br />
Republiki Sloveniji lahko govorimo z uveljavitvijo Uredbe<br />
o pravicah in dolžno<strong>st</strong>ih beguncev v Republiki Sloveniji<br />
(Uradni li<strong>st</strong> RS, št. 33/2004), sprejete na podlagi Zakona<br />
o azilu (Uradni li<strong>st</strong> RS, št. 51/2006). Uredba je določila<br />
pomoči pri vključevanju v okolje:<br />
— triletno upravičeno<strong>st</strong> do pomoči pri vključevanju v<br />
okolje,<br />
— osebni integracijski načrt kot osnovo <strong>za</strong> izvajanje pomoči<br />
beguncem,<br />
— možno<strong>st</strong> učenja slovenskega jezika ter seznanjanja s<br />
slovensko zgodovino, kulturo in u<strong>st</strong>avno ureditvijo,<br />
— kritje <strong>st</strong>roškov <strong>za</strong> no<strong>st</strong>rifikacijo in izpite,<br />
— <strong>za</strong>časno denarno pomoč,<br />
— denarno nadome<strong>st</strong>ilo <strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong>sebno na<strong>st</strong>anitev,<br />
— informiranje o pravicah in dolžno<strong>st</strong>ih,<br />
— izenačenje v s slovenskimi državljani pri pravicah, ki izhajajo<br />
iz socialnega var<strong>st</strong>va, šolanja in izobraževanja,<br />
<strong>za</strong>poslovanja in dela ter brezplačne pravne pomoči.<br />
Na področju zdrav<strong>st</strong>venega var<strong>st</strong>va beguncev je uredba<br />
določila specifičen si<strong>st</strong>em zdrav<strong>st</strong>venega var<strong>st</strong>va v smislu,<br />
da so se <strong>st</strong>roški zdrav<strong>st</strong>venih <strong>st</strong>oritev plačevali direktno<br />
iz proračuna, torej begunci niso bili <strong>za</strong>varovanci v<br />
ob<strong>st</strong>oječem si<strong>st</strong>emu zdrav<strong>st</strong>venega <strong>za</strong>varovanja.<br />
Na podlagi Zakona o mednarodni <strong>za</strong>ščiti (Uradni li<strong>st</strong> RS, št.<br />
111/2007) je bila sprejeta Uredba o načinih in pogojih <strong>za</strong><br />
<strong>za</strong>gotavljanje pravic osebam z mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito (Uradni<br />
li<strong>st</strong>, RS, št. 67/2008), ki je določila načine in pogoje <strong>za</strong><br />
<strong>za</strong>gotavljanje pravic beguncev in oseb, ki jim je priznana<br />
subsidiarna <strong>za</strong>ščita. Uredba je določila:<br />
— pravico do pridobitve informacij,<br />
— možno<strong>st</strong> uveljavljanja denarnega nadome<strong>st</strong>ila <strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong>sebno<br />
na<strong>st</strong>anitev,<br />
— zdrav<strong>st</strong>veno var<strong>st</strong>vo,<br />
— socialno var<strong>st</strong>vo,<br />
— izobraževanje, <strong>za</strong>poslitev in delo,<br />
— pomoč pri integraciji <strong>za</strong> obdobje treh let od pridobitve<br />
<strong>st</strong>atusa,<br />
— na<strong>st</strong>anitev v integracijski hiši <strong>za</strong> obdobje enega leta<br />
od pridobitve <strong>st</strong>atusa,<br />
— na področju zdrav<strong>st</strong>venega var<strong>st</strong>va je uredba prinesla<br />
spremembo v si<strong>st</strong>emu zdrav<strong>st</strong>venega var<strong>st</strong>va beguncev.<br />
S 1. 1. 2009 so upravičeni do zdrav<strong>st</strong>venega var<strong>st</strong>va<br />
pod enakimi pogoji kot državljani Republike Slovenije,<br />
kar pomeni, da so vključeni v si<strong>st</strong>em zdrav<strong>st</strong>venega<br />
<strong>za</strong>varovanja. Sred<strong>st</strong>va <strong>za</strong> osnovno zdrav<strong>st</strong>veno <strong>za</strong>varovanje<br />
krije mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vo, pri<strong>st</strong>ojno <strong>za</strong> zdravje, Mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vo<br />
<strong>za</strong> <strong>notranje</strong> <strong>za</strong>deve pa krije <strong>st</strong>roške dopolnilnega<br />
13
14<br />
zdrav<strong>st</strong>venega <strong>za</strong>varovanja <strong>za</strong> ti<strong>st</strong>e osebe, ki so brez<br />
la<strong>st</strong>nih dohodkov in prejemkov.<br />
IZVAJANJE INTEGRACIJSKIH UKREPOV V SEKTORJU ZA<br />
INTEGRACIJO<br />
Celotna integracija temelji na individualnem pri<strong>st</strong>opu k<br />
vključevanju oseb s <strong>st</strong>atusom mednarodne <strong>za</strong>ščite. Temelji<br />
na svetovalcu, ki je dodeljen vsaki osebi po pridobitvi<br />
<strong>st</strong>atusa, in osebnem integracijskem načrtu, ki je osnova<br />
<strong>za</strong> izvajanje integracijskega procesa in vsebuje predvidene<br />
dejavno<strong>st</strong>i, ki so posamezniku v pomoč pri vključevanju<br />
v slovensko družbo. Pripravi se na podlagi potreb,<br />
znanj, zmožno<strong>st</strong>i in sposobno<strong>st</strong>i osebe z mednarodno<br />
<strong>za</strong>ščito.<br />
Posebna pozorno<strong>st</strong> je namenjena ranljivim osebam s posebnimi<br />
potrebami, zla<strong>st</strong>i otrokom, mladoletnikom brez<br />
sprem<strong>st</strong>va, invalidnim osebam, <strong>st</strong>arejšim, nosečnicam,<br />
roditeljem samohranilcem z otroki in žrtvam posil<strong>st</strong>va,<br />
mučenja ali drugih oblik psihičnega, fizičnega in spolnega<br />
nasilja, in sicer v skladu z Zakonom o mednarodni<br />
<strong>za</strong>ščiti. Za individualno ugotavljanje ob<strong>st</strong>oja posebnih<br />
potreb in ranljivo<strong>st</strong>i je bila pri mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vu u<strong>st</strong>anovljena<br />
posebna komisija.<br />
Ranljive kategorije oseb so lahko v integracijski hiši na<strong>st</strong>anjene<br />
po preteku enega leta, in sicer <strong>za</strong> čas trajanja<br />
razlogov, na podlagi katerih so bile opredeljene kot ranljive<br />
kategorije s posebnimi potrebami.<br />
Če na<strong>st</strong>anitev v integracijski hiši oziroma drugi na<strong>st</strong>anitveni<br />
zmogljivo<strong>st</strong>i mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>va ni primerna, mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vo v<br />
sodelovanju s pri<strong>st</strong>ojnimi organi osebi z mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito<br />
<strong>za</strong>gotovi drugo u<strong>st</strong>rezno na<strong>st</strong>anitev. Mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vo je<br />
do sedaj največkrat na podlagi mnenja komisije urejalo<br />
na<strong>st</strong>anitev v domovih <strong>za</strong> <strong>st</strong>arejše in v posebnih <strong>st</strong>anovanjskih<br />
skupinah, kamor so bili na<strong>st</strong>anjeni mladoletniki<br />
brez sprem<strong>st</strong>va.<br />
ODPRTJE INTEGRACIJSKIH HIŠ V LJUBLJANI IN MARI-<br />
BORU<br />
Kot ena temeljnih ovir pri uspešni integraciji beguncev se<br />
je od <strong>za</strong>četka izvajanja integracijskih ukrepov poka<strong>za</strong>la<br />
<strong>za</strong>gotovitev u<strong>st</strong>rezne in finančno do<strong>st</strong>opne <strong>za</strong>sebne na<strong>st</strong>anitve,<br />
zla<strong>st</strong>i v <strong>za</strong>četnem obdobju po pridobitvi <strong>st</strong>atusa<br />
begunca. Zato je bila ena predno<strong>st</strong>ih nalog mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>va<br />
na področju integracije beguncev v Republiki Sloveniji<br />
vzpo<strong>st</strong>avitev integracijskih hiš, ki pred<strong>st</strong>avljajo obliko<br />
<strong>za</strong>časne na<strong>st</strong>anitve beguncev.<br />
Z la<strong>st</strong>nimi sred<strong>st</strong>vi in sred<strong>st</strong>vi ERF je mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vo vzpo<strong>st</strong>avilo<br />
dve integracijski hiši, in sicer v Ljubljani in Mariboru.<br />
V Integracijski hiši Ljubljana je lahko v treh <strong>st</strong>anovanjskih<br />
enotah na<strong>st</strong>anjenih od 12 do 15 oseb, v integracijski<br />
hiši v Mariboru, vzpo<strong>st</strong>avljeni v delu objekta, v katerem<br />
sicer deluje na<strong>st</strong>anitveni center <strong>za</strong> bivše osebe z <strong>za</strong>časnim<br />
<strong>za</strong>točiščem, pa do 45 oseb.<br />
INTEGRACIJSKE DEJAVNOSTI V OKVIRU ERF<br />
V letnih programih Evropskega sklada <strong>za</strong> begunce 2008<br />
do 2013 bo mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vo izpeljalo naslednje programe pomoči<br />
pri integraciji oseb z mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito (v okviru<br />
vseh letnih programov):<br />
— učenje slovenskega jezika in seznanjanje s slovensko<br />
zgodovino, kulturo in u<strong>st</strong>avno ureditvijo v vseh<br />
letnih programih,<br />
— pomoč na področju učnih pomoči, <strong>st</strong>roškov šolanja<br />
in izobraževanja ter psihosocialne pomoči,<br />
— osveščanje javno<strong>st</strong>i o begunski problematiki in programe<br />
medkulturnega dialoga,<br />
— programe, usmerjene na področje izobraževanja, <strong>za</strong>poslovanja<br />
in dela oseb z mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito,<br />
— pomoč pri na<strong>st</strong>anitvi oseb z mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito,<br />
— <strong>za</strong>gotavljanje sred<strong>st</strong>ev <strong>za</strong> kritje <strong>st</strong>roškov zdrav<strong>st</strong>vene<br />
oskrbe oseb z mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito.<br />
Za sofinanciranje projektov bo mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vo v skladu z določili<br />
Zakona o javnih financah, Pravilnika o po<strong>st</strong>opkih <strong>za</strong><br />
izvrševanja proračuna Republike Slovenije ter na podlagi<br />
Odločbe Komisije o določitvi pravil objavilo javni razpis<br />
<strong>za</strong> nevladne in druge organi<strong>za</strong>cije.<br />
Za Glas azila povzela: Tamara Antonaz Pogorevc
INTEGRACIJSKE MJERE ZA IZBJEGLICE U<br />
REPUBLICI SLOVENIJI<br />
O početku si<strong>st</strong>ematskog pri<strong>st</strong>upa prema integraciji izbjeglica<br />
u Sloveniji možemo govoriti tek poslije primjene Uredbe o<br />
pravima i dužno<strong>st</strong>ima izbjeglica u Sloveniji (Službeni li<strong>st</strong> RS,<br />
br. 33/2004) primljene na osnovu Zakona o azilu (Službeni<br />
li<strong>st</strong> RS, br. 51/2006), koja određuje pomoć u integraciji u<br />
društvenu okolinu:<br />
— tri godišnji period prava na integracijsku pomoć,<br />
— osobni integracijski plan kao osnova <strong>za</strong> izvođenje pomoći<br />
izbjeglicama,<br />
— mogućno<strong>st</strong> učenja slovenskog jezika i upoznavanja slovenske<br />
hi<strong>st</strong>orije, kulture i u<strong>st</strong>avnog poretka,<br />
— pokrivanje troškova no<strong>st</strong>rifikacije diploma i ispita,<br />
— privremena novčana pomoć,<br />
— novčana kompen<strong>za</strong>cija <strong>za</strong> privatni smještaj,<br />
— informiranje o pravima i dužno<strong>st</strong>ima,<br />
— izjednačenje sa slovenskim državljanima u smislu prava<br />
koja se odnose na socijalno blago<strong>st</strong>anje, školovanje, <strong>za</strong>poslenje,<br />
rad i besplatnu pravnu pomoć.<br />
Na području zdrav<strong>st</strong>vene skrbi Uredba određuje poseban si<strong>st</strong>em<br />
zdrav<strong>st</strong>vene skrbi u tom smislu da se troškovi zdrav<strong>st</strong>venih<br />
usluga pokrivaju direktno iz proračuna znači da izbjeglice<br />
nisu osigurane osobe u po<strong>st</strong>ojećem si<strong>st</strong>emu zdrav<strong>st</strong>venog<br />
osiguranja.<br />
Na osnovu Zakona o međunarodnoj <strong>za</strong>štiti (Službeni li<strong>st</strong> br.<br />
111/2007) primljena je Uredba o načinu i oslovima osiguranja<br />
prava osoba pod međunarodnom <strong>za</strong>štitom (Službeni li<strong>st</strong><br />
RS br. 67/2008) koja definira sljedeće načine i oslove što se<br />
tiče izbjeglica i osoba pod subsidiarnom <strong>za</strong>štitom:<br />
— pravo na informiranje,<br />
— mogućno<strong>st</strong> novčane kompen<strong>za</strong>cije <strong>za</strong> privatni smještaj,<br />
— zdrav<strong>st</strong>vena skrb,<br />
— socijalna skrb,<br />
— obrazovanje, <strong>za</strong>poslenje i rad,<br />
— integracijska pomoć u periodu tri godine poslije odobrenja<br />
<strong>st</strong>atusa,<br />
— smještaj u integracijskoj kući u periodu godine dana poslije<br />
odobrenja <strong>st</strong>atusa,<br />
— na području zdrav<strong>st</strong>vene skrbi Uredba donosi izmjene u si<strong>st</strong>emu<br />
zdrav<strong>st</strong>vene skrbi <strong>za</strong> izbjeglice. Od 1.1.2009 imaju<br />
pravo na zdrav<strong>st</strong>venu skrb pod jednakim uvjetima kao slovenski<br />
državljani što znači da su uključeni u si<strong>st</strong>em zdrav<strong>st</strong>venog<br />
osiguranja. Sred<strong>st</strong>va osnovnog zdrav<strong>st</strong>va pokriva<br />
Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>vo <strong>za</strong> zdravlje a Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>vo unutrašnjih poslova<br />
troškove dopunskog osiguranja <strong>za</strong> osobe bez vla<strong>st</strong>itog<br />
dohotka ili primanja.<br />
IZVOĐENJE INTEGRACIJSKIH MJERA U SEKTORU ZA<br />
INTEGRACIJU<br />
Čitava integracija temelji na individualnom pri<strong>st</strong>upu uključivanja<br />
osoba pod međunarodnom <strong>za</strong>štitom preko savjetnika<br />
<strong>za</strong> izbjeglice, koji se dodjeli svakoj osobi poslije odobrenja<br />
<strong>st</strong>atusa i na osobnom integracijskom planu koji je osnova <strong>za</strong><br />
izvođenje procesa integracije i sadrži aktivno<strong>st</strong>i koje pojedincu<br />
pomaže u integraciji u slovensku <strong>za</strong>jednicu. Plan se pripremi<br />
na osnovu potreba, znanja i mogućno<strong>st</strong>i te sposobno<strong>st</strong>i<br />
osobe pod međunarodnom <strong>za</strong>štitom.<br />
Posebna pozorno<strong>st</strong> važi <strong>za</strong> ranjive osobe pogotovo djeci, maloljetne<br />
osobe bez pratnje, osobe sa posebnim potrebama,<br />
invalide, <strong>st</strong>arije osobe, noseće žene, samačke roditelje s djecom<br />
i <strong>za</strong> žrtve silovanja, mučenja i drugih oblika psihičkog<br />
fizičkog ili spolnog nasilja. Za individualnu identifikaciju ranjivih<br />
grupa Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>vo je sa<strong>st</strong>avilo posebnu komisiju.<br />
Ranjive kategorije osoba mogu o<strong>st</strong>ati u integracijskoj kući<br />
poslije godinu dana dok traju razlozi zbog kojih su bile definirane<br />
kao ranjive ili osobe sa posebnim potrebama.<br />
Ako smještaj u integracijski kući ili drugom objektu Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>va<br />
nije adekvatan, Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>vo u suradnji sa drugim<br />
kompetentnim organima osobi pod međunarodnom <strong>za</strong>štitom<br />
nađe drugi povoljan smještaj. Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>vo je do sada u najviše<br />
slučaja na osnovu mišljenja komisije sredilo smještaj u<br />
<strong>st</strong>aračkim domovima ili u posebnom smještaju <strong>za</strong> maloljetne<br />
osobe bez pratnje.<br />
OTVORENJE INTEGRACIJSKIH KUĆA U LJUBLJANI I MARI-<br />
BORU<br />
Kao jedna od prepreka na putu uspješne integracije izbjeglica<br />
od početka primjene integracijskih mjera poka<strong>za</strong>o se povoljan<br />
in novčano do<strong>st</strong>upan privatni smještaj pogotovo na početku<br />
poslije odobrenja <strong>st</strong>atusa izbjeglice. Zbog toga je bio jedan<br />
od prioriteta Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>va bilo otvorenje integracijskih kuća u<br />
Sloveniji, kao privremeni oblik smještaja izbjeglica.<br />
Pomoću vla<strong>st</strong>itih sred<strong>st</strong>ava i ERF uspo<strong>st</strong>avljene su dvije integracijske<br />
kuće, jedna u Ljubljani i jedna u Mariboru.<br />
Kuća u Ljubljani ima tri <strong>st</strong>ana <strong>za</strong> 12 do 15 osoba a druga u<br />
Mariboru nalazi se u zgradi centra <strong>za</strong> bivše osobe sa privremenom<br />
<strong>za</strong>štitom i može primiti do 45 osoba.<br />
INTEGRACIJSKE AKTIVNOSTI U OKVIRU ERF<br />
U godišnjim programima Europskog fonda <strong>za</strong> izbjeglice 2008<br />
do 2013 Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>vo izvodi sljedeće programe pomoći <strong>za</strong> integraciju<br />
izbjeglica (u okviru svih godišnjih programa):<br />
— učenje slovenskog jezika i informiranje o slovenskoj hi<strong>st</strong>oriji,<br />
kulturi i u<strong>st</strong>avnom poretku,<br />
— pomoć kod učenja u školi, troškovi školovanja i psiho-socijalna<br />
pomoć,<br />
— informiranje javno<strong>st</strong>i o izbjegličkim problemima i programi<br />
među-kulturnog dijaloga,<br />
— programi na području obrazovanja <strong>za</strong>poslenja i rada <strong>za</strong><br />
izbjeglice,<br />
— pomoć u vezi smještaja izbjeglica,<br />
— programi sred<strong>st</strong>va <strong>za</strong> pokrivanje troškova zdrav<strong>st</strong>vene skrbi.<br />
Za financiranje projekata Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>vo će objaviti javni raspis<br />
<strong>za</strong> nevladine i druge organi<strong>za</strong>cije prema Zakonu o javnom financiranju,<br />
Pravilniku o izvođenju proračuna Slovenije in na<br />
osnovu Uredbe o Komisiji <strong>za</strong> definiranje propisa.<br />
Za Glas azila sažetak napravila: Tamara Antonaz Pogorevc<br />
15
INTEGRATION MEASURES FOR REFUGEES<br />
IN THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA<br />
We can speak about the beginning of a sy<strong>st</strong>emic approach<br />
to the refugee integration in Slovenia after the application<br />
of the Regulation on Rights and Obligations of Refugees in<br />
the Republic of Slovenia (Official Gazette RS no. 33/2004)<br />
adopted on the basis of he Asylum Act (Official Gazette RS<br />
no. 51/2006). The Regulation determined the assi<strong>st</strong>ance in<br />
integrating into the social environment:<br />
— Three year period of time of the entitlement to integration<br />
assi<strong>st</strong>ance,<br />
— Personal integration plan as the basis for implementing<br />
the assi<strong>st</strong>ance to refugees,<br />
— Possibility of learning Slovene language and receiving<br />
information on the Slovene culture, hi<strong>st</strong>ory and con<strong>st</strong>itutional<br />
order,<br />
— Covering the co<strong>st</strong>s of no<strong>st</strong>rification and exams,<br />
— Temporary financial aid,<br />
— Financial compensation for private housing,<br />
— Information on rights and obligations,<br />
— Equation with Slovene citizens in terms of rights arising<br />
from social welfare, education, training, employment<br />
and work, as well as legal aid free of charge.<br />
As regards the medical care of the refugees the Regulation<br />
determined a specific health care sy<strong>st</strong>em meaning that the<br />
co<strong>st</strong>s of medical services were paid for directly from the national<br />
budget. The refugees were therefore not medical insurance<br />
holders in the exi<strong>st</strong>ing medical insurance sy<strong>st</strong>em.<br />
By virtue of the International Protection Act (Official gazette<br />
RS no. 111/2007) the Regulation on Manners and<br />
Conditions for ensuring the Rights of Persons under International<br />
Protection (Official Gazette RS no. 67/2008) was<br />
adopted defining the manners and conditions of ensuring<br />
the rights of refugees and persons granted subsidiary protection,<br />
namely:<br />
— Right to information,<br />
— Possibility of applying financial compensation for private<br />
housing,<br />
— Health care,<br />
— Social welfare,<br />
— Education, employment and work,<br />
— Integration assi<strong>st</strong>ance for three years after the <strong>st</strong>atus<br />
has been granted,<br />
— Accommodation in the integration house for the period<br />
of one year after the <strong>st</strong>atus has been<br />
— granted<br />
— As to medical care the Regulation brought about a<br />
change in the sy<strong>st</strong>em of health care for refugees. As of<br />
1.1.2009 they are entitled to medical care under the<br />
same terms as Slovene citizens meaning that they are<br />
included in the medical insurance sy<strong>st</strong>em. The resources<br />
for basic medical insurance are covered by the mini<strong>st</strong>ry,<br />
responsible for health whereas the Mini<strong>st</strong>ry of the Interior<br />
covers the expenses for additional or supplemen-<br />
16<br />
tary medical insurance for those persons who have no<br />
income or means of subsi<strong>st</strong>ence.<br />
IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATION MEASURES IN THE IN-<br />
TEGRATION DIVISION<br />
The entire integration process is based on an individual approach<br />
to integrating persons under international protection.<br />
An integration counsellor is designated for every person<br />
after he or she has been granted the <strong>st</strong>atus and a personal<br />
integration plan is elaborated which in turn serves as<br />
the basis for implementing integration processes. The plan<br />
contains the envisaged activities that help the individual<br />
integrate in Slovene society. It is prepared according to the<br />
person’s needs, knowledge, abilities and capabilities.<br />
A particular attention is paid to vulnerable groups and persons<br />
with special needs, above all children, unaccompanied<br />
minors, handicapped persons, elderly people, pregnant<br />
women, single parents with children and victims of rape,<br />
torture and other forms of mental, physical and sexual<br />
violence. They are offered particular care and attention in<br />
line with the International Protection Act. For the purposes<br />
of individual vulnerability assessment the Mini<strong>st</strong>ry e<strong>st</strong>ablished<br />
a special commission.<br />
Vulnerable categories may be accommodated in the integration<br />
house after the expiry of one year, namely for the<br />
duration of reasons for which they were identified as vulnerable<br />
groups or persons with special needs.<br />
If the accommodation in the integration house or another<br />
accommodation facility of the Mini<strong>st</strong>ry is not suitable, the<br />
Mini<strong>st</strong>ry – in cooperation with other competent authorities<br />
– provides another adequate housing. SO far the Mini<strong>st</strong>ry,<br />
based on the commission’s opinion, has mainly provided<br />
accommodation in retirement homes and special neighbourhoods<br />
for unaccompanied minors.<br />
OPENING OF INTEGRATION HOUSES IN LJUBLJANA AND<br />
MARIBOR<br />
Since the beginning of implementing the integration measures<br />
one of the main ob<strong>st</strong>acles for a successful integration<br />
was the provision of adequate and financially affordable<br />
private housing particularly in the initial period after the<br />
<strong>st</strong>atus was granted. One of the Mini<strong>st</strong>ry’s priorities was<br />
therefore the e<strong>st</strong>ablishment of integration houses in Slovenia<br />
as a form of temporary accommodation for refugees.<br />
Using its own means and the ERF resources the Mini<strong>st</strong>ry organised<br />
two integration houses, namely in Ljubljana and<br />
Maribor.<br />
The house in Ljubljana has three units where 12 to 15 persons<br />
can be accommodated whereas the one in Maribor is<br />
located in a part of the building which used to be the reception<br />
centre for former temporary protected persons and has<br />
the capacity of up to 45 persons.<br />
INTEGRATION ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE ERF<br />
According to the annual programmes of the European<br />
Refugee Fund 2008 to 2013 the Mini<strong>st</strong>ry will implement
the following refugee integration assi<strong>st</strong>ance programmes<br />
(within all the annual programmes):<br />
— Learning Slovene language and information on Slovene<br />
hi<strong>st</strong>ory, culture and con<strong>st</strong>itutional order,<br />
— Assi<strong>st</strong>ance in <strong>st</strong>udy help, co<strong>st</strong>s of education and training<br />
as well as psycho-social assi<strong>st</strong>ance,<br />
— Public awareness raising about refugee issues and inter-cultural<br />
dialogue programmes,<br />
— Programmes aimed at education, employment and<br />
work for persons enjoying international protection,<br />
Pandemska gripa<br />
Pandemska gripa je akutna okužba dihal, ki jo povzroča<br />
virus gripe A (H1N1)v. Ker se naš imunski si<strong>st</strong>em do<br />
zdaj še ni srečal z virusom pandemske gripe, je verjetno<strong>st</strong><br />
okužbe večja, kot pri sezonski gripi. Pričakujemo<br />
lahko, da bo <strong>za</strong>to v kratkem času zbolelo veliko število<br />
ljudi. Konec marca in v <strong>za</strong>četku aprila 2009 so na ameriški<br />
celini odkrili prve primere okužbe ljudi z virusom<br />
gripe A (H1N1)v. Novi virus se je <strong>za</strong>čel širiti tudi na<br />
druge celine, <strong>za</strong>to je Svetovna zdrav<strong>st</strong>vena organi<strong>za</strong>cija<br />
(SZO) 11. junija 2009 razglasila 6. <strong>st</strong>opnjo pandemske<br />
pripravljeno<strong>st</strong>i.<br />
Pandemska gripa se širi na enak način kot običajna<br />
sezonska gripa, največkrat kapljično. Kužne kapljice<br />
se prenašajo s kašljanjem, kihanjem ali govorjenjem,<br />
lahko pa se okužimo tudi z dotikanjem onesnaženih<br />
površin. Virus na naših rokah preživi zelo kratek čas,<br />
vendar ga v tem času, če nismo pazljivi, lahko prek<br />
oči, nosu ali u<strong>st</strong> vnesemo v telo. Zato je <strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong>ščito zelo<br />
pomembno odgovorno ravnanje, upoštevati moramo<br />
u<strong>st</strong>rezne higienske navade.<br />
Virus pandemske gripe se prenaša enako kot virus sezonske<br />
gripe:<br />
— s kužnimi kapljicami, ki na<strong>st</strong>ajajo pri kašljanju,<br />
kihanju, govorjenju;<br />
— z neposrednim tesnim <strong>st</strong>ikom z obolelim (npr.<br />
poljubljanje, objemanje);<br />
— s posrednim <strong>st</strong>ikom preko onesnaženih površin<br />
in predmetov (jedilni pribor, ko<strong>za</strong>rci, kljuke,<br />
telefonske slušalke …).<br />
Pandemska gripa povzroča enake bolezenske znake kot<br />
sezonska gripa, razlikuje pa se v številu obolelih, ki je<br />
pri pandemski gripi bi<strong>st</strong>veno višje. Po do zdaj znanih<br />
podatkih bi lahko <strong>za</strong> pandemsko gripo zbolelo od 25<br />
do 30 od<strong>st</strong>otkov prebival<strong>st</strong>va. Podatki tudi kažejo, da<br />
je smrtno<strong>st</strong> višja kot pri običajni gripi, in sicer v ZDA<br />
— Assi<strong>st</strong>ance in the area of accommodation for refugees,<br />
— Provision of resources to cover the co<strong>st</strong>s of medical care<br />
for persons under international protection.<br />
In line with the provisions of the Public Finances Act, Rules<br />
on Procedures for implementing the Budget of the Republic<br />
of Slovenia and based on the Commission’s Decision on defining<br />
the Rules, the Mini<strong>st</strong>ry will announce a public tender<br />
open to non-governmental and other organisations for the<br />
purposes of co-funding the above projects.<br />
Author of ab<strong>st</strong>ract for “Glas Azila”: Tamara Antonaz Pogorevc<br />
znaša 0, 4 od<strong>st</strong>otka, v Veliki Britaniji pa 0,3 od<strong>st</strong>otka.<br />
Večina smrtnih primerov je bila posledica <strong>za</strong>pletov pri<br />
ljudeh z drugimi kroničnimi boleznimi (pljučne, srčno-žilne<br />
…). Bolnik je najbolj kužen na <strong>za</strong>četku bolezni.<br />
Kužno<strong>st</strong> se s trajanjem bolezni zmanjšuje in po<br />
7 dneh praviloma preneha. Manjši otroci in imunsko<br />
oslabljeni ljudje so kužni nekoliko dlje.<br />
OGROŽENE SKUPINE<br />
Za večino ljudi je pandemska gripa le blaga bolezen,<br />
saj si večina brez posebnega zdravljenjenja opomore<br />
v tednu dni. Zado<strong>st</strong>uje, da počivajo, uživajo <strong>za</strong>do<strong>st</strong>i<br />
tekočine in jemljejo zdravila <strong>za</strong> lajšanje težav ob gripi<br />
(vročine, bolečin v mišicah, žrelu, <strong>za</strong>mašenega nosu<br />
in kašlja).<br />
Povečano tveganje <strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong>plete imajo:<br />
1. bolniki s kroničnimi boleznimi, kot so<br />
— kronična bolezen dihal (vključno z a<strong>st</strong>mo, kronično<br />
ob<strong>st</strong>ruktivno pljučno boleznijo);<br />
— kronična srčno-žilno bolezen (izjema je povišan<br />
krvni pritisk brez okvare notranjih organov, ki ne<br />
pomeni povečanega tveganja <strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong>plete gripe);<br />
— kronična ledvična bolezen (predvsem odpoved ledvic);<br />
— kronično jetrno okvaro;<br />
— sladkorna bolezen, ki se zdravi z zdravili <strong>za</strong> diabetes;<br />
— oslabljen imunski si<strong>st</strong>em <strong>za</strong>radi bolezni ali zdravljenja<br />
z zdravili, ki slabijo imuno<strong>st</strong> (npr. kemoterapevtiki,<br />
kortiko<strong>st</strong>eroidi, biološka zdravila);<br />
— nevrološka bolezen, <strong>za</strong>radi katere je pri<strong>za</strong>deto delovanje<br />
pljuč (predvsem slabo izkašljevanje).<br />
2. ljudje, <strong>st</strong>arejši od 65 let<br />
3. nosečnice<br />
4. otroci, mlajši od 2 let<br />
17
Svetujemo, da se bolniki s povečanim tveganjem, ko<br />
zbolijo z gripo, po telefonu posvetujejo s svojim ali<br />
dežurnim zdravnikom.<br />
PREPOZNAJTE SIMPTOME<br />
Zelo pomembno je, da prepoznamo glavne bolezenske<br />
znake pandemske gripe. Le tako bomo znali pravočasno<br />
in u<strong>st</strong>rezno ukrepati ter preprečiti njeno nadaljnje<br />
širjenje.<br />
Bolezen poteka s podobnimi znaki in simptomi kot<br />
običajna, sezonska gripa: povišana telesna temperatura,<br />
mrazenje, suh kašelj, bolečine v žrelu, <strong>za</strong>mašen<br />
nos ali izcedek iz nosu, bolečine v mišicah in ko<strong>st</strong>eh,<br />
glavobol, utrujeno<strong>st</strong>, bruhanje, driska.<br />
Večina ljudi si tudi brez posebnega zdravljenja opomore<br />
v tednu dni. Poročajo tudi o težjem poteku bolezni<br />
s pljučnico, z odpovedjo dihanja in s smrtnim izidom.<br />
Podobno kot okužba z virusom sezonske gripe tudi<br />
okužba s pandemsko gripo poslabša osnovno, kronično<br />
bolezen. Praviloma je oseba kužna, ko se pokažejo<br />
tipični bolezenski znaki in do sedem dni po <strong>za</strong>četku<br />
bolezni. Mlajši otroci in imunsko oslabljeni so kužni<br />
dlje časa, kar pomeni, da je izločanje virusa daljše.<br />
PREVENTIVA<br />
Širjenje okužbe z novim virusom gripe lahko zmanjšamo,<br />
če upoštevamo nekaj osnovnih napotkov.<br />
Pogo<strong>st</strong>o umivanje rok je najučinkovitejša <strong>za</strong>ščita.<br />
Roke si vedno umijemo po kašljanju, kihanju, brisanju<br />
nosu in dotikanju onesnaženih površin, s katerimi je<br />
bilo v <strong>st</strong>iku veliko ljudi. Roke si vsaj 20 sekund temeljito<br />
umivamo z milom in speremo s toplo vodo. Roke<br />
obrišemo s papirnato ali tek<strong>st</strong>ilno brisačo <strong>za</strong> enkratno<br />
uporabo in z njo <strong>za</strong>premo pipo.<br />
Kadar nimamo možno<strong>st</strong>i umivanja rok (na potovanju),<br />
so učinkoviti tudi robčki z alkoholnim razkužilom, s<br />
katerimi si temeljito obrišemo roke.<br />
Z rokami se ne dotikamo oči, nosu in u<strong>st</strong>. Okužba se<br />
pogo<strong>st</strong>o širi tako, da si z dotikanjem različnih onesnaženih<br />
površin virus sami vnesemo v telo.<br />
Ko kihnemo ali <strong>za</strong>kašljamo, si u<strong>st</strong>a ali nos prekrijemo s<br />
papirnatim robčkom, ki ga takoj po uporabi varno odvržemo<br />
v najbližji koš. Če papirnatega robčka nimamo,<br />
lahko kihnemo ali <strong>za</strong>kašljamo v zgornji del rokava.<br />
Izogibamo se tesnim <strong>st</strong>ikom z ljudmi, ki imajo znake<br />
bolezni. Osebi, ki ima znake bolezni, se ne približamo<br />
na manj kot en meter.<br />
Če pri sebi opazimo bolezenske znake pandemske<br />
gripe, o<strong>st</strong>anemo doma in pokličemo izbranega<br />
zdravnika, ki nam bo svetoval, kako ravnati.<br />
18<br />
Cepljenje je najbolj priporočljivo <strong>za</strong> ti<strong>st</strong>e, ki imajo<br />
povečano tveganje <strong>za</strong> težak potek gripe in <strong>za</strong>plete.<br />
To so otroci, mlajši od dveh let, ljudje, <strong>st</strong>arejši od 65<br />
let, nosečnice in kronični bolniki.<br />
Cepljenje proti novi gripi v Sloveniji poteka po predhodnem<br />
naročilu, predno<strong>st</strong> imajo kronični bolniki.<br />
ŠVICA ODSVETUJE<br />
Državam Evropske unije (EU) je Evropska agencija <strong>za</strong><br />
zdravila, ki je zbrala obširno dokumentacijo o kakovo<strong>st</strong>i,<br />
učinkovito<strong>st</strong>i in varno<strong>st</strong>i cepiva, dala dovoljenje<br />
<strong>za</strong> uporabo cepiva. Švica, ki ni v EU, mora tovr<strong>st</strong>no<br />
dokumentacijo pridobiti na svoj način. Brez dokazov<br />
o učinkovito<strong>st</strong>i, varno<strong>st</strong>i in kakovo<strong>st</strong>i ne morejo svetovati<br />
cepljenja otrok, nosečnic in <strong>st</strong>arejših. Države<br />
EU pa v svojih priporočilih <strong>za</strong> cepljenje svetujejo tudi<br />
cepljenje tega dela prebival<strong>st</strong>va.<br />
Željka Kovačević<br />
LES PRINCIPES DU COMPORTEMENT DES INDIVI-<br />
DUS POUR ÉVITER TOUTE EXPANSION DU VIRUS<br />
DE LA NOUVELLE GRIPPE<br />
Que peut faire un individu?<br />
Prenant en considération les bonnes habitudes hygiéniques<br />
et les mesures élémentaires de prévention, chacun peut réduire<br />
essentiellement la possibilité de contamination et la<br />
transmission de la maladie.<br />
Mesures de prévention<br />
La transmission de l’infection peut être évitée:<br />
• Par l’hygiène de la toux : quand vous toussez ou éternuez,<br />
couvrez votre bouche et le nez par le mouchoir et<br />
après l’usage, jetez-le dans la poubelle;<br />
• Si vous n’avez pas de mouchoir, toussez ou éternuez<br />
dans la partie supérieure de votre manche et jamais dans<br />
la main;<br />
• Ne touchez pas la bouche, les yeux et le nez par vos<br />
mains;<br />
• Lavez vos mains souvent avec du savon et de l’eau chaude<br />
(surtout quand elles sont visiblement sales, avant les<br />
repas, après utiliser la toilette, après arriver à la maison,<br />
après utiliser le transport publique, après sortir d’un<br />
lieu public etc.. s’il n’e<strong>st</strong> pas possible de vous laver les<br />
mains, la désinfection e<strong>st</strong> recommandée);<br />
• Désinfectez vos mains (un liquide ou gelée e<strong>st</strong> plus efficace<br />
que les mouchoirs trempés dans un moyen de désinfection);<br />
• Evitez les contacts avec les gens qui pourraient être malade;<br />
• Evitez les locaux où il y a trop de gens;<br />
• Si vous vous sentez mal et montrez les symptômes de la<br />
grippe, n’allez pas au travail;
• Si vous avez les symptômes de la grippe prenez la di<strong>st</strong>ance<br />
d’un mètre envers les autres ;<br />
• Prenez toutes les mesures de précaution ci-dessus aussi<br />
lorsque vous voyagez. L’Organisation Mondiale de<br />
la Santé (OMS) ne recommande aucune re<strong>st</strong>riction de<br />
voyage. Nous conseillons aux voyageurs de respecter les<br />
in<strong>st</strong>ructions générales hygiéniques.<br />
• Après arriver chez vous de l’étranger observez votre santé<br />
pendant 7 jours et si vous voyez les signes d’une maladie<br />
qui ressemble la grippe, appelez immédiatement votre<br />
médecin;<br />
• En ce qui concerne le traitement de la maladie par un<br />
médicament anti-virus, consultez votre médecin. Prendre<br />
le médicament sans aucune indication n’e<strong>st</strong> pas raisonnable.<br />
Usage excessif du médicament peut causer la rési<strong>st</strong>ance<br />
du virus et réduire ainsi l’ efficacité du médicament.<br />
• La vaccination e<strong>st</strong> la mesure la plus efficace, mais la vaccine<br />
contre le virus de la nouvelle grippe n’e<strong>st</strong> pas encore<br />
disponible.<br />
Sources: In<strong>st</strong>itut de la Protection de la Santé de la République<br />
de Slovénie, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS),<br />
Centre Européen de Prévention et de Contrôle des Maladies<br />
(ECDC)<br />
Željka Kovačević<br />
PRINCIPLES OF INDIVIDUAL’S BEHAVIOUR IN<br />
ORDER TO PREVENT THE SWINE INFLUENZA VI-<br />
RUS FROM SPREADING:<br />
What can an individual do?<br />
By considering the good hygienic practice and basic preventive<br />
measures, every individual can considerably reduce<br />
the possibility of contamination and disease transmission.<br />
Preventive measures<br />
The transmission of infection can be prevented as follows:<br />
• Coughing hygiene: when you cough or sneeze cover<br />
your mouth by a handkerchief and throw it later away<br />
in the du<strong>st</strong>bin;<br />
• If you have no handkerchief, cough and sneeze in the<br />
upper part of your sleeve and not in your hand;<br />
• Do not touch your mouth, eyes and nose with your<br />
hands;<br />
• Wash your hands often with soap and warm water (always<br />
when the are visibly dirty, before eating, after using<br />
the toilet, after coming home, after using public<br />
means of transport (bus), after <strong>st</strong>aying in public places<br />
etc.. If it is not possible to wash your hands, disinfection<br />
is recommended;<br />
20<br />
• Disinfect your hands (a liquid disinfector or jelly is far<br />
more efficient than handkerchiefs soaked in a disinfector);<br />
• Avoid contacts with persons that might be ill;<br />
• Avoid <strong>st</strong>aying in overcrowded places;<br />
• If you do not fee well or show symptoms of influen<strong>za</strong>,<br />
do not go to work;<br />
• If you show symptoms of influen<strong>za</strong>, keep 1 metre di<strong>st</strong>ance<br />
from other people.<br />
• Apply all the above protection measures also when you<br />
travel. The World Health Organisation does not recommend<br />
any re<strong>st</strong>rictions as regards travelling. We sugge<strong>st</strong><br />
all passengers to observe general hygienic in<strong>st</strong>ructions.<br />
• After arriving home from abroad, examine your health<br />
for 7 days. If you have symptoms of a disease similar to<br />
swine influen<strong>za</strong> call your doctor immediately;<br />
• Consult your doctor about the treatment with anti-virus<br />
medication. It is pointless to take the medicine if there<br />
are no indications. Any excessive use of the medication<br />
may result in the resi<strong>st</strong>ance of the virus and therefore<br />
reduces the efficiency of the medication.<br />
• The mo<strong>st</strong> efficient measure is vaccination, but the anti<br />
swine influen<strong>za</strong> vaccine is not yet available.<br />
Source: National In<strong>st</strong>itute of Public Health of the Republic<br />
of Slovenia, World Health Organisation (WHO), European<br />
Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)<br />
<br />
<br />
Željka Kovačević
Sveti Miklavž ali sveti Nikolaj<br />
Sveti Miklavž ili Sveti Nikola<br />
Saint Miklavž or Saint Nicholas<br />
SVETI MIKLAVŽ ALI SVETI NIKOLAJ<br />
Miklavž je prvi izmed treh dobrih decembrskih dedkov,<br />
ki obdarujejo otroke. Velja <strong>za</strong> enega najbolj priljubljenih<br />
svetnikov in čudodelnika. Praznovanje se je preneslo<br />
tudi v Ameriko, kjer pa je dobil povsem novo podobo.<br />
Ameriški Santa Claus oziroma po naše Božiček je<br />
prav<strong>za</strong>prav sv. Miklavž.<br />
Nekoč so otroci na predvečer godu sv. Miklavža (s 5. na<br />
6. december) po običaju po<strong>st</strong>avili krožnike na okenske<br />
police. Miklavž je otrokom nosil orehe, jabolka, suho<br />
sadje, pecivo. Danes otroci pričakujejo drugačna darila,<br />
a še vedno so med darili tudi sladkarije in čokoladni<br />
Miklavži ter hudički.<br />
Vsako leto Miklavž skupaj s svojimi spremljevalci – angeli<br />
in hudiči hodi po vasi ali me<strong>st</strong>u, od hiše do hiše in<br />
obiskuje otroke. Njegovi najbolj glasni spremljevalci<br />
– hudički so grozljivega vide<strong>za</strong> in v otrocih vzbujajo<br />
<strong>st</strong>rah. Prav to je tudi njihova naloga – pre<strong>st</strong>rašiti in<br />
kaznovati poredne otroke, da bi bili v prihodnjem letu<br />
čim bolj pridni. Pridne otroke Miklavž obdaruje, poredni<br />
pa dobijo šibo.<br />
• Domovanje: Miklavž je svetnik in prihaja k nam iz<br />
nebes.<br />
• Datum: Otroke obdaruje 6. decembra zjutraj.<br />
• Oblačila: Miklavž je bil škof, <strong>za</strong>to je oblečen v škofovska<br />
liturgična oblačila, na glavi ima škofovsko<br />
kapo, v roki pa škofovsko palico.<br />
• Sprem<strong>st</strong>vo: Spremljajo ga angeli in parklji (hudiči).<br />
• Prevoz: Miklavž prihaja k nam peš ali na saneh (ki<br />
pa jih ne vlečejo severni jeleni, pač pa konjska vprega).<br />
DEDEK MRAZ<br />
Dedek Mraz je prišel k nam v času komunizma, ko <strong>st</strong>a<br />
bila prepovedana (ali vsaj ne<strong>za</strong>želena) tradicionalni krščanski<br />
sveti Miklavž in ameriški Božiček. Dedek Mraz<br />
temelji na ruskih legendah. Vse otroke ima zelo rad in<br />
ne dela razlik med njimi. Vsi dobijo enaka darila.<br />
Glavne la<strong>st</strong>no<strong>st</strong>i dedka Mra<strong>za</strong>:<br />
• Domovanje: Pod Triglavom.<br />
• Datum: Otroke obdaruje pred novim letom ali<br />
(predvsem doma) na novoletno jutro.<br />
• Oblačila: Oblečen je v ovčji krznen plašč s slovenskimi<br />
vzorci, v roki ima sprehajalno palico, na glavi<br />
pa polhovko.<br />
• Sprem<strong>st</strong>vo: Ponavadi nima spremljevalcev, lahko<br />
pa ga spremljajo palčki.<br />
• Prevoz: Pripelje se s sanmi (s konjsko vprego).<br />
BOŽIČEK<br />
Božiček je novodobna mitološka osebno<strong>st</strong>, ki obdaruje<br />
otroke v noči pred božičem (s 24. na 25. december).<br />
Lik Božička se je razvil v Združenih državah Amerike na<br />
podlagi skandinavskih izročil o praznovanju svetega<br />
Miklavža. Svojo zunanjo podobo je dobil iz reklamne<br />
akcije <strong>za</strong> Coca-Colo. V preteklo<strong>st</strong>i v Sloveniji Božiček<br />
v zgoraj pred<strong>st</strong>avljeni obliki sploh ni bi znan, na božič<br />
so Slovenci praznovali dan Jezusovega roj<strong>st</strong>va. Pozneje<br />
vera ni bila <strong>za</strong>želena v javno<strong>st</strong>i, <strong>za</strong>to tudi javno<br />
praznovanje božiča ni bilo dovoljeno. Edini mitološki<br />
dobrotnik, ki ga je komuni<strong>st</strong>ična obla<strong>st</strong> dovoljevala, je<br />
bil iz Rusije uvoženi dedek Mraz. Ob razpadu Jugoslavije<br />
so k nam prišli vsi ameriški komercialni prazniki,<br />
vključno z ameriškim božičem in Božičkom. V <strong>za</strong>dnjih<br />
letih je Božiček razširjen zla<strong>st</strong>i med neverujočimi, sveti<br />
Miklavž pa med verujočimi Slovenci (na dedka Mra<strong>za</strong><br />
se spomnijo samo še v šolah in vrtcih).<br />
Od Miklavža in dedka Mra<strong>za</strong> se Božiček loči zla<strong>st</strong>i po<br />
naslednjih la<strong>st</strong>no<strong>st</strong>ih:<br />
• Domovanje: Božiček <strong>st</strong>anuje na severnem tečaju<br />
(ali na skrajnem severu Skandinavije).<br />
• Datum: Božiček obdaruje otroke na božično jutro<br />
– 25. decembra.<br />
• Oblačila: Oblečen je v škratovska oblačila rdeče<br />
barve z belo krzneno obrobo.<br />
• Sprem<strong>st</strong>vo: Spremljajo ga škrati.<br />
• Prevoz: Pripelje se s sanmi, ki jih po zraku vlečejo<br />
severni jeleni.<br />
Uredila Majda Polanc<br />
21
SVETI MIKLAVŽ ILI SVETI NIKOLA<br />
Miklavž je prvi između tri dobra decembarska djeda koji djeci<br />
nose darove. Smatra se <strong>za</strong> jednog od najpopularnijih svetca i<br />
ljudi, koji <strong>st</strong>varaju čuda. Taj praznik preselio se u Ameriku ali<br />
je tamo dobio sasvim nov oblik. Američki Santa Claus odnosno<br />
Božicek kako se zove kod nas je u <strong>st</strong>vari Sveti Miklavž.<br />
Nekada su djeca na večer imendana Sv. Miklavža (od 5. na 6.<br />
decembar) prema običaju <strong>st</strong>avili tanjure na prozore. U prošlo<strong>st</strong>i<br />
je Miklavž donosio djeci orahe, jabuke, suho voće i pecivo.<br />
Danas djeca očekuju druge darove ali so među njima još<br />
uvijek posla<strong>st</strong>ice i Miklavži od čokolade ili mali vragovi<br />
Svake godine Miklavž <strong>za</strong>jedno s pratiocima – anđelima i vragovima<br />
ide po selima i gradovima od kuće do kuće i obilazi<br />
djecu. Njegovi najglasniji pratioci su mali vragovi grozno<br />
izgledaju in plaše djecu. A to je i njihov <strong>za</strong>datak – uplašiti i<br />
kazniti nepri<strong>st</strong>ojnu djecu, di bila sljedeće godina dobra. Dobru<br />
djecu Miklavž nagrađuje a nepri<strong>st</strong>ojnu čeka kazna.<br />
• Dom: Miklavž je svetac in kod nas dolazi s neba.<br />
• Datum: Djeci donosi darove 6. decembra ujutro.<br />
• Odjeća: Miklavž je bio biskup što znači da nosi biskupske<br />
odore a na glavi biskupsku kapu i u ruci biskupsku palicu.<br />
• Pratnja: Prate ga anđeli i vragovi<br />
22<br />
• Prijevoz: Miklavž dolazi pješke ili se vozi u sanjkama (koje<br />
ne vuku sjeverni jeleni nego konji).<br />
DJEDA MRAZ<br />
Djeda Mraz je došao kod nas <strong>za</strong> vrijeme komunizma, do so<br />
bili <strong>za</strong>branjeni (ili barem ne željeni) tradicionalni hrišćanski<br />
Sveti Miklavž i američki Santa Claus. Djeda Mraz temelji na<br />
ruskoj legendi. Voli svu djecu i među njima ne pravi razlike<br />
tako da svima donosi jednake darove.<br />
Glavne osobine Djeda Mra<strong>za</strong> su:<br />
• Dom: pod Triglavom.<br />
• Datum: Djeci donosi darove pre nove godine ili (prije svega<br />
kod kuće) ujutro na dan nove godine.<br />
• Odjeća: Nosi kaput od ovčjeg krzna sa slovenskim ukrasima<br />
i u ruci nosi štap a na glavi kapu od krzna puha (takozvana<br />
„polhovka“).<br />
• Pratnja: Po običaju nema pratnje ali ponekad ga prate<br />
patuljci.<br />
• Prijevoz: Dolazi sanjkama (koje vuku konji.<br />
BOŽICEK ILI SANTA CLAUS<br />
Božicek je moderna mitološka lično<strong>st</strong> koja nosi djeci darove<br />
prije Božića (od 24. na 25. decembar). Njegov lik je razvijen<br />
u Americi na osnovu skandinavskih saga o prazniku svetog
Nikole ili Miklavža. Njegov izgled potiče iz reklame <strong>za</strong> Koka<br />
Kolu. U Sloveniji u prošlo<strong>st</strong>i u tom obliku uopće nije bio poznat<br />
- Slovenci so na Božić slavili dan rođenja Isusa Kri<strong>st</strong>a.<br />
Kasnije u javno<strong>st</strong>i vjera nije bila željena pa tako nije bilo dozvoljeno<br />
javno slaviti Božić u bilom kojem obliku. Jedini mitološko<br />
dobročinitelj koje je komuni<strong>st</strong>ička vla<strong>st</strong> dozvoljavala<br />
bio je Djeda Mraz uvožen iz Rusije. Poslije raspada Jugoslavije<br />
dolaze svi američki komercijalni praznici uključujući Santa<br />
Claus. U posljednjim godinama Božicek je omiljen među<br />
atei<strong>st</strong>ima a Sveti Miklavž među slovenskim vjernicima (Djeda<br />
Mra<strong>za</strong> sjete se samo u školama i vrtićima).<br />
Od Miklavža i Djeda Mra<strong>za</strong> Božicek se razlikuje na slijedeće<br />
načine:<br />
• Dom: Živi na Sjevernom Polu (ili krajnjem sjeveru Skandinavije)<br />
• Datum: Božicek nosi darove <strong>za</strong> Božić (ujutro – na dan 25.<br />
decembra).<br />
• Odjeća: Nosi odjeću patuljka crvene boje sa rubom od bijelog<br />
krzna.<br />
• Pratnja: Prate ga patuljci.<br />
• Prijevoz: Dolazi sanjkama il ga po zraku vuku sjeverni jeleni.<br />
Uredila Polanc Majda<br />
SAINT MIKLAVŽ OR SAINT NICHOLAS<br />
Miklavž is one of the three good December grandfathers who<br />
give presents to children. He is regarded as one of the mo<strong>st</strong><br />
popular saints and a miracle maker. The celebrations moved<br />
from Europe also to America where he got a completely new<br />
image. The American Santa Claus or the Slovenian Božiček<br />
is actually St. Miklavž (Nicholas).<br />
On the eve of St. Miklavž’ s name day (from 5 to 6 December)<br />
the children would usually put plates on the window<br />
shelves. In the pa<strong>st</strong> St. Miklavž brought the children wall<br />
nuts, apples, dry fruit and cakes. Today, children expect different<br />
presents but <strong>st</strong>ill they receive also sweets, chocolate<br />
Miklavž and little devils.<br />
Every year Miklavž and his escort – angels and devils – goes<br />
from village to village and town to town, from house to<br />
house visiting children. His loude<strong>st</strong> companions are devils.<br />
They look horrible and children are sometimes afraid<br />
of them. This is precisely their task – to scare and punish<br />
naughty children who should be better in the following<br />
year. Miklavž gives presents to good children whereas the<br />
naughty ones are punished.<br />
• Home: Miklavž is a saint and comes from heaven.<br />
• Date: He gives presents to children on December 6 in<br />
the morning.<br />
• Clothes: Miklavž was a bishop, so he wears bishop’ s liturgical<br />
clothes, the bishop’ s mitre on the head and the<br />
pa<strong>st</strong>oral <strong>st</strong>aff in his hand;<br />
• Escort: He is accompanied by angels and devils<br />
• Transport: Miklavž comes on foot or on a sleigh (but it is<br />
not drawn by rain deer but common horses).<br />
DEDEK MRAZ – GRANDFATHER “FROST”<br />
“Dedek Mraz” came to our country in the communism era at<br />
the time when the traditional Saint Miklavž and the American<br />
Santa Claus were prohibited (or at lease undesired)<br />
Grandfather Fro<strong>st</strong> has his origins in Russian legends and<br />
loves all the children without making any differences. All<br />
children therefore receive the same presents.<br />
The main characteri<strong>st</strong>ics of Grandfather Fro<strong>st</strong> are:<br />
• Home: under the Triglav - Slovenia.<br />
• Date: He gives presents to children before the Ney Year’s<br />
Eve (especially at home) or in the morning of the New<br />
Year’s Day.<br />
• Clothes: He wears a sheep’s fur coat with Slovene ornaments,<br />
has a walking <strong>st</strong>ick in his hand and the doormouse<br />
fur hat on the head<br />
• Escort: Usually he is unaccompanied but sometimes he<br />
comes in the company of dwarves.<br />
• Transport: He travels on a sleigh (drawn by horses).<br />
BOŽIČEK – SANTA CLAUS<br />
Santa Claus is a modern mythological personality who gives<br />
presents to children in the night before Chri<strong>st</strong>mas( from 24<br />
to ). The image of Santa was developed in the United States<br />
of America based on Scandinavian heritage regarding the<br />
celebrations of Saint Nicholas. His image is the result of the<br />
Coca Cola promotion campaign. In Slovenia Santa Claus as<br />
such was not even known in the pa<strong>st</strong> – at Chri<strong>st</strong>mas time the<br />
Slovenians celebrated the birth of Jesus Chri<strong>st</strong>. Later the<br />
religion became undesired in public therefore Chri<strong>st</strong>mas<br />
fe<strong>st</strong>ivities were not allowed in any form. The only mythological<br />
benefactor permitted by the communi<strong>st</strong> authorities<br />
was the Russian imported Grandfather Fro<strong>st</strong>. After the disintegration<br />
of the former Yugoslavia all the American commercial<br />
holidays came to Slovenia, including Santa Claus.<br />
In the recent years Santa Claus has become popular particularly<br />
with athei<strong>st</strong>s whereas Saint Miklavž is appreciated by<br />
the Slovenian believers (Father Fro<strong>st</strong> is remembered only in<br />
schools and kindergartens).<br />
Santa Claus differs from Miklavž and Grandfather Fro<strong>st</strong> especially<br />
as regards the following characteri<strong>st</strong>ics:<br />
• Home: Santa Claus lives on the North Pole (extreme<br />
north of Scandinavia<br />
• Date: Santa brings presents to children in the Chri<strong>st</strong>mas<br />
morning – 25 December<br />
• Clothes: He is dressed like a dwarf – red clothes with<br />
white fur bordure.<br />
• Escort: He is accompanied by dwarves.<br />
• Transport: He travels on a sleigh drawn by rain deer in<br />
the air.<br />
Editor: Polanc Majda<br />
23
24<br />
<br />
Dragi otroci,<br />
spoštovani <strong>st</strong>arši,<br />
doma ne more nič nadome<strong>st</strong>iti.<br />
Pa vendar bomo veseli,<br />
če se bo<strong>st</strong>e med nami<br />
še naprej počutili prijetno in varno.<br />
V prihajajočem letu<br />
naj se vam izpolnijo vse najlepše želje,<br />
tako v šoli<br />
kot v vašem trenutnem domu.<br />
Veliko miru in vse dobro vam želim.<br />
Katarina Kresal,<br />
mini<strong>st</strong>rica <strong>za</strong> <strong>notranje</strong> <strong>za</strong>deve
Draga djeco, poštovani roditelji,<br />
Ništa ne može <strong>za</strong>mijeniti dom. Ali ipak ćemo<br />
biti sretni ako ćete se još dalje među nama<br />
osjećati prijatno i sigurno. U godini koja<br />
dolazi neka vam se ispune sve najljepše želje<br />
tako u školi kao kod kuće. Želim vam puno<br />
mira i sve dobro.<br />
Katarina Kresal<br />
Mini<strong>st</strong>rica <strong>za</strong> unutarnje poslove<br />
<br />
<br />
Dear children, di<strong>st</strong>inguished parents,<br />
Nothing can replace the home. We will<br />
nevertheless be glad if you continue to feel safe<br />
and nice among us. May all your wonderful wishes<br />
in the coming New Year become true both at<br />
school and at home. I wish you plenty of peace<br />
and all the be<strong>st</strong>.<br />
Katarina Kresal<br />
Mini<strong>st</strong>er of the Interior<br />
<br />
25
Ugotavljanje ranljivo<strong>st</strong>i in nudenje<br />
pomoči osebam s posebnimi<br />
potrebami in delo z njimi<br />
Projekta Pomoč pri na<strong>st</strong>anitvi in oskrbi prosilcev <strong>za</strong><br />
mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito v Azilnem domu in Ugotavljanje<br />
ranljivo<strong>st</strong>i in nudenje pomoči osebam s posebnimi<br />
potrebami in delo z njimi, financirana iz sred<strong>st</strong>ev Evropskega<br />
sklada <strong>za</strong> begunce in sred<strong>st</strong>ev Mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>va <strong>za</strong><br />
<strong>notranje</strong> <strong>za</strong>deve, smo <strong>za</strong>čeli izvajati v Azilnem domu s<br />
1. septembrom 2009.<br />
Izvajalec projektov je podjetje Arx, ki je bilo izbrano<br />
na javnem razpisu. Pri projektih sodelujejo različni<br />
posamezniki, z različnimi <strong>st</strong>rokovnimi znanji in izkušnjami.<br />
KRATEK OPIS PROGRAMA UGOTAVLJANJE RAN-<br />
LJIVOSTI IN NUDENJE POMOČI OSEBAM S POSEB-<br />
NIMI POTREBAMI IN DELO Z NJIMI<br />
Namen programa je ugotavljanje ranljivo<strong>st</strong>i in izvajanje<br />
ukrepov, s katerimi bomo ranljivim osebam s<br />
posebnimi potrebami pomagali, in sicer z izvajanjem<br />
u<strong>st</strong>reznih individualnih in skupinskih psihoterapevtskih<br />
obravnav.<br />
Program posveča posebno pozorno<strong>st</strong> prepoznavanju<br />
žrtev posil<strong>st</strong>va, mučenja in drugih oblik fizičnega in<br />
psihičnega nasilja, diagno<strong>st</strong>iciranju po<strong>st</strong>travmatskega<br />
<strong>st</strong>resnega sindroma in <strong>za</strong>gotavljanju<br />
u<strong>st</strong>rezne pomoči<br />
v vseh prepoznavnih oblikah<br />
nasilja ter ugotavljanju <strong>st</strong>opnje<br />
njihove ranljivo<strong>st</strong>i.<br />
Program je celovit in <strong>za</strong>jema<br />
več delovnih področij:<br />
a) <strong>za</strong>gotavljanje individualne<br />
in skupinske psihološke in<br />
psihoterapev<strong>st</strong>ke pomoči,<br />
s poudarkom na suportivni<br />
ekspresivni tehniki, s katero<br />
skušamo rešiti aktualne<br />
psihične <strong>st</strong>iske.Vsak teden<br />
<strong>st</strong>a prisotna dva sodelavca<br />
– psihoterapevt in psihiater,<br />
in sicer ob petkih<br />
med 10. in 14. uro. K njima<br />
26<br />
prihajajo prosilci na individualni pogovor, ki ima<br />
terapev<strong>st</strong>ko in diagno<strong>st</strong>ično vredno<strong>st</strong>, saj z njim<br />
diagno<strong>st</strong>icirajo tudi morebitni psihiatrični tretman<br />
ali napotitev na pri<strong>st</strong>ojno specializirano u<strong>st</strong>anovo.<br />
Vsak teden potekajo tudi timski se<strong>st</strong>anki s <strong>st</strong>rokovnimi<br />
delavci Azilnega doma, kjer se dogovarjamo<br />
o načinih dela s prosilci in skupaj naredimo plan<br />
dela s posameznimi prosilci;<br />
b) organiziranje in vodenje terapevtskih delavnic z<br />
izobraževalno in svetovalno vsebino. Znotraj tega<br />
sklopa potekajo delavnice o prepoznavanju <strong>st</strong>resa<br />
in tehnikah <strong>za</strong> njegovo obvladovanje, delavnice o<br />
komunikaciji, delavnice o <strong>st</strong>aršev<strong>st</strong>vu, vsebine s<br />
področja nege telesa in higiene, nalezljivih bolezni,<br />
aidsu;<br />
c) program izvajanja vrtca: s poudarkom na sociali<strong>za</strong>ciji<br />
otrok in spoznavanje otrok s slovenskim jezikom.<br />
Program poteka vsak dan od ponedeljka do petka, od<br />
15. do 17.ure. Vsebuje pa:<br />
— umetniško izražanje: razvijanje otrokove u<strong>st</strong>varjalno<strong>st</strong>i,<br />
inovativno<strong>st</strong>i s pomočjo plesnih, likovnih,<br />
glasbenih in dramskih dejavno<strong>st</strong>i
— področje psihomotorike: vsakodnevno skrbimo <strong>za</strong><br />
gibalne dejavno<strong>st</strong>i na igrišču ali pa v pro<strong>st</strong>oru vrtca<br />
— slovenski jezik in izražanje skozi besedo: vsakodnevno<br />
branje pravljic, učenje pesmic in pripovedovanje<br />
zgodbic, uporaba knjižnega slovenskega<br />
jezika v vseh vodenih dejavno<strong>st</strong>ih<br />
— delo z družino: v delo so na poseben način vključeni<br />
tudi <strong>st</strong>arši, saj so ves čas dosegljivi in lahko<br />
pridejo pogledat svoje otroke. Tako se u<strong>st</strong>varja tudi<br />
prijetno ozračje <strong>za</strong> razgovore o njihovi vzgoji in dilemah,<br />
ki jih pri tem imajo.<br />
Program vključuje tudi letovanje med poletnimi počitnicami,<br />
skupaj s <strong>st</strong>arši.<br />
Mateja Vidrih - ARX<br />
PREZENTACIJA PROJEKTA: IDENTIFIKACI-<br />
JA RANJIVOSTI IN NUĐENJE POMOĆI OSO-<br />
BAMA SA POSEBNIM POTREBAMA I RAD<br />
SA NJIMA.«<br />
Projekti » Pomoć <strong>za</strong> smještaj i opskrbu molioca <strong>za</strong> međunarodnu<br />
<strong>za</strong>štitu u Azilnom domu« i »Identifikacija ranjivo<strong>st</strong>i te<br />
nuđenje pomoći osobama sa posebnim potrebama i rad sa<br />
njima« financiraju se u Azilnom domu sred<strong>st</strong>vima Europskog<br />
Fonda <strong>za</strong> Izbjeglice i Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>va <strong>za</strong> unutrašnje poslove. Počeli<br />
smo ih izvoditi od 1. septembra 2009 dalje.<br />
Izvođač je poduzeće Arx odabrano na javnom raspisu a sudjeluju<br />
i različiti pojedinci sa svojim <strong>st</strong>ručnim znanjem i isku<strong>st</strong>vima.<br />
U ovom broju »Glasa azila” pred<strong>st</strong>avljamo vam ukratko naše<br />
aktivno<strong>st</strong>i na području »Identifikacije ranjivo<strong>st</strong>i in nuđenja<br />
pomoći osobama sa posebnim potrebama i rada sa njima.«<br />
Cilj programa je identificirati ranjivo<strong>st</strong> in poduzimanje mjera<br />
<strong>za</strong> nuđenje pomoći tim osobama preko adekvatnih individualnih<br />
ili grupnih psihoterapeutskih tretmana.<br />
Posebna pažnja je usmjerena na žrtve silovanja, mučenja i<br />
drugih oblika psihološkog i fizičkog nasilja, dijagno<strong>st</strong>iciranje<br />
po<strong>st</strong>-traumatskog <strong>st</strong>resnog sindroma in nuđenje pomoći u svim<br />
oblicima nasilja te određivanje <strong>st</strong>epena njihove ranjivo<strong>st</strong>i.<br />
Program je cjelokupan i sa<strong>st</strong>oji se od više područja. Aktivno<strong>st</strong>i<br />
su sljedeće:<br />
a) Individualna i grupna psihološka i terapeutska pomoć<br />
uz naglas na potporni ekspresivni tehnici <strong>za</strong> rješavanje<br />
akutnih psihičkih problema.Svaki tjedan su prisutna dva<br />
suradnika petkom od 10.00 do 14.00 sati, psihoterapeut<br />
in psihijatar. Njima dolaze molioci na individualne razgovore<br />
kojih osobine su terapeutske i dijagno<strong>st</strong>ičke jer se na<br />
taj način odredi dijagno<strong>za</strong> ili eventualni tretman ili upućenje<br />
na specijalnu u<strong>st</strong>anovu ili kliniku. Svaki tjedan su i<br />
timski sa<strong>st</strong>anci sa <strong>st</strong>ručnim suradnicima Azilnog doma na<br />
kojih se debatira o načinu rada i <strong>za</strong>jedničkom planu rada<br />
<strong>za</strong> individualne primjere.<br />
b) Organiziranje in vođenje terapeutskih radionica <strong>za</strong> obrazovanje<br />
i savjetovanje. Tu se izvode radionice <strong>za</strong> prepoznavanje<br />
<strong>st</strong>resa in tehnika <strong>za</strong> kontroliranje <strong>st</strong>resa, radionice<br />
<strong>za</strong> komunikaciju, roditelj<strong>st</strong>vo i osobnu higijenu,<br />
<strong>za</strong>razne bole<strong>st</strong>i i SIDA<br />
c) Program dječji vrtić: socijali<strong>za</strong>cija djece i učenje djetetu<br />
<strong>st</strong>ranog jezika - slovenskog.<br />
Program je svaki dan od ponedjeljka do petka, od 15.00 do<br />
17.00 sati i uključuje sljedeća područja:<br />
— Umjetnički izraz i razvoj dječje kreativno<strong>st</strong>i, inovativno<strong>st</strong>i<br />
pomoću plesnih, likovnih, i glazbenih te dramskih aktivno<strong>st</strong>i;<br />
— Područje psihomotornih sposobno<strong>st</strong>i: svakodnevno kretanje<br />
na dječjem igralištu i u pro<strong>st</strong>orijama vrtića;<br />
— Slovenski jezik i izraz pomoću riječi: svakodnevno čitanje<br />
bajki, učenje pjesmica i pričanje priča te upotreba knjižnoga<br />
slovenskog jezika u svim aktivno<strong>st</strong>ima;<br />
— Rad sa porodicama: na poseban način su uključeni roditelji<br />
pošto su u Domu <strong>za</strong> vrijeme vrtića i tako mogu posjetiti<br />
svoju djecu. Time na<strong>st</strong>aje prijatna atmosfera <strong>za</strong> razgovore<br />
i obrazovanje te dilema koje su prisutne.<br />
Program uključuje i ljetovanje jedan put godišnje <strong>za</strong> vrijeme<br />
ljetnog školskog raspu<strong>st</strong>a <strong>za</strong>jedno sa roditeljima.<br />
Mateja Vidrih - ARX<br />
PRESENTATION OF THE PROJECT: “ESTAB-<br />
LISHING THE VULNERABILITY AND PRO-<br />
VIDING ASSISTANCE TO PERSONS WITH SPE-<br />
CIAL NEEDS AND WORKING WITH THEM«<br />
The projects » Assi<strong>st</strong>ance in accommodation and care for<br />
international protection applicants in Asylum Centre« and<br />
»E<strong>st</strong>ablishing vulnerability and providing assi<strong>st</strong>ance to persons<br />
with special needs and working with them«, funded by<br />
the European Refugee Fund and the Mini<strong>st</strong>ry of the Interior<br />
were begun in Asylum Centre as of 1 September 2009.<br />
The operator of these projects is the company Arx selected<br />
following a public tender. The participants of the project<br />
are also various individuals with various knowledge, experiences<br />
and expertise.<br />
In this issue of »The Voice of Asylum” we are briefly presenting<br />
our activities in the area of “E<strong>st</strong>ablishing the vulnerability<br />
and providing assi<strong>st</strong>ance to persons with special<br />
needs and working with them”.<br />
The purpose of the programme is to e<strong>st</strong>ablish vulnerability<br />
and take measures so that the vulnerable persons with special<br />
needs will be provided with the assi<strong>st</strong>ance through adequate<br />
individual or group psychotherapeutic treatments.<br />
A particular attention is paid to identifying victims of torture,<br />
rape and other forms of psychological and physical<br />
violence, diagnosing the po<strong>st</strong> traumatic <strong>st</strong>ress disorder<br />
(PTSD) and providing relevant assi<strong>st</strong>ance in all the identified<br />
cases involving violence and the identification of their<br />
vulnerability degree.<br />
27
The programme is comprehensive and includes the following<br />
activities:<br />
a) Individual and group psychological and psychotherapeutic<br />
assi<strong>st</strong>ance focusing on a supportive expressive<br />
technique in order to alleviate current psychological<br />
anxiety. Every week there are two colleagues on Fridays<br />
from 10.00 to 14.00 h, a psychiatri<strong>st</strong> and a therapi<strong>st</strong>.<br />
They are visited by applicants for interviews whose value<br />
is therapeutic and diagno<strong>st</strong>ic because they also determine<br />
the diagnosis and the relevant psychiatric treatment<br />
or refer the patients to the competent in<strong>st</strong>itution<br />
or clinic. Every week there are also team meetings with<br />
experts from Asylum Centre during which we discuss the<br />
manners of working with applicants and elaborate common<br />
plans with individuals.<br />
b) Organisation and management of therapeutic workshops<br />
for counselling and education or training. These<br />
include the identification of <strong>st</strong>ress, workshops on communication,<br />
parenthood, personal hygiene, contagious<br />
diseases, AIDS…<br />
Jaz sem Badraa<br />
Zovem se Badraa<br />
My name is Badraa<br />
28<br />
c) Kindergarten programme: focused on socialisation of<br />
children and learninh a foreign language – Slovene language.<br />
The programme runs from Monday to Friday - 15.00 do<br />
17.00 h – covering the following areas:<br />
— Arti<strong>st</strong>ic expression and development of child’s creativity<br />
and innovation through dancing, arts, music and theatre<br />
— Psycho-motor aspects – exercising in the playground<br />
and kindergarten room<br />
— Slovene language expression through words: reading<br />
<strong>st</strong>ories, learning poems, telling <strong>st</strong>ories, use of the literal<br />
Slovene language in all activities<br />
— Work with family: parents are also integrated in a special<br />
way because they can be reached so that they can<br />
visit their children. This creates a warm atmosphere for<br />
talks and discussions about their upbringing and solving<br />
the dilemmas.<br />
The programme includes also spending holidays once a year<br />
in summer together with the parents.<br />
Mateja Vidrih - ARX<br />
Zovem se Badraa. Prezivam se Tseren. Dolazim iz<br />
Mongolije ali sada živim u Sloveniji u Ljubljani. Star<br />
sam 40 godina. Moja adresa je Ce<strong>st</strong>a v Gorice 15. Ponedjeljak<br />
ujutro u pola sedam dižem se i oblačim,<br />
15 minuta do osam idem u kupaonicu i tamo se tuširam,<br />
operem i obrišem. U osam idem u trpe<strong>za</strong>riju<br />
gdje je doručak. Poslije podne malo se odmaram i<br />
gledam televiziju. Poslije podne u jedan idem na tečaj<br />
i učim. U pola tri idem u sobu a onda u centar<br />
gdje vozim biciklu i gledam. U pet sati dolazim kući,<br />
onda u pola še<strong>st</strong> jedem večeru a petnae<strong>st</strong> minuta do<br />
še<strong>st</strong> idem u sobu. Na večer u sobi radim na kompjuteru<br />
ili čitam knjigu. U devet idem u kino. U jedanae<strong>st</strong><br />
idem u kupatilo, onda se umijem, obrišem i u pola<br />
dvanae<strong>st</strong> odem na spavanje a poslije toga sanjam…<br />
My name is Badraa. My surname is Tseren. I am from<br />
Mongolia but now I am living in Slovenia in Ljubljana.<br />
I am 40 years old. My address is Ce<strong>st</strong>a v Gorice<br />
15.<br />
On Monday morning at six thirty I go to the bathroom,<br />
take a shower, wash myself and dry. At eight<br />
I go to the dining room where I have my breakfa<strong>st</strong>.<br />
In the afternoon I re<strong>st</strong> a little and watch television.<br />
In the afternoon at one o’clock I attend courses<br />
and learn. At two thirty I go to my room and then<br />
to the centre where I ride my bicycle. At five I come<br />
home and then at five thirty I have my supper and<br />
at fifteen to six I return to my room. In the evening<br />
I work on my computer or read books. At nine I go<br />
to cinema. At eleven I go to the bathroom and wash<br />
up. At eleven thirty I go to bed and then I dream…
Najboljše <strong>za</strong>upanje<br />
Pravo povjerenje<br />
Be<strong>st</strong> tru<strong>st</strong><br />
Sedel sem na <strong>st</strong>rehi koče mojega očeta, ki jo je zgradil<br />
z la<strong>st</strong>nimi rokami in gledal dol. Oče se mi je nasmehnil<br />
in rekel: »Skoči dol k meni, ujel te bom.« Zaupal sem<br />
mu in <strong>st</strong>oril, kot je rekel. Ko sem skočil se je umaknil in<br />
s koleni sem <strong>za</strong>del kamen ter si hudo izpahnil koleno.<br />
Pu<strong>st</strong>il me je tam samega brez pomoči in rekel:<br />
»BODI PAMETEN SIN MOJ IN NOBENEMU NE ZAUPAJ<br />
RAZEN SAMEMU SEBI!«<br />
Moje življenjske izbire<br />
Moj životni izbor<br />
Options in my life<br />
Nekega dne lani poleti sem sedel pred hišo sredi me<strong>st</strong>a<br />
v Nigeriji. Približal se mi je nek tujec in me vprašal:<br />
»ALI SI TI KINGSLEY?« Nisem hotel nobenih težav. Rekel<br />
sem mu, da nisem. »SREČO IMAŠ, DA NISI.« je rekel<br />
moški. »Kingsley je obsojen na smrt. Obsodbo so izrekli<br />
botri iz me<strong>st</strong>a. Obrnil sem se in odšel <strong>st</strong>ran.<br />
Na srečo sem se znašel na <strong>za</strong>hodni polobli sveta z občutkom,<br />
da sem premagal smrt. Ampak moji rešitelji<br />
so me <strong>za</strong>vrnili z možno<strong>st</strong>jo, da grem na<strong>za</strong>j domov ali<br />
pa v <strong>za</strong>por. Potem sem se vprašal: »ALI NAJ OSTANEM<br />
IN POSTANEM JETNIK V TUJI DEŽELI ALI SE VRNEM V<br />
DOMOVINO, KJER ME NENEHNO ČAKA SMRT.«<br />
Nekog dana lani na ljeto sjeo sam ispred kuće u centru moga<br />
grada u Nigeriji. Dođe neki <strong>st</strong>ranac i pita me: „DALI SE TI<br />
ZOVEŠ KINGSEY?“ Nisam htio imati nikakvih problema. Kažem<br />
mu da nisam. „IMAŠ SREĆE ŠTO NISI.“ kaže muškarac.<br />
„Kingsley je osuđen na smrt a presudu su izrekli kumovi iz<br />
grada.“ Okrenuo sam se i otišao.<br />
Na sreću našao sam se na <strong>za</strong>padnoj <strong>st</strong>rani ovog svijeta sa<br />
osjećanjem da sam savladao smrt. Ali moji spasitelji su me<br />
Bio sam na krovu kolibe moga otca, koju je sagradio svojim<br />
rukama i gledao dole. Otac mi se osmjehne i kaže: „Ajde<br />
skači dole, ja ću te uhvatiti.“ Imao sam povjerenje u njega i<br />
skočio kao što je rekao. U tom trenutku on se makne i koljenima<br />
sam udario u kamenje i grdno iščašio koljeno. Pu<strong>st</strong>io<br />
me samog bez pomoći i rekao:<br />
„BUDI PAMETAN SINE MOJ I NEMOJ IMATI POVJERENJA U<br />
NIKOG OSIM SEBE!“<br />
odbili dajući mi mogućno<strong>st</strong> da se vratim kući ili odem u <strong>za</strong>tvor.<br />
Onda sam se pitao: “DALI OSTANEM I POSTANEM ZA-<br />
TVORENIK U STRANOJ ZEMLJI ILI SE IPAK VRATIM KUĆI GDJE<br />
ME STALNO ČEKA SMRT.“<br />
29
Skoraj prava zimska ruska pravljica<br />
Skoro prava zimska ruska bajka<br />
Almo<strong>st</strong> a true russian fairy tale<br />
Življenjska zgodba Ruslana iz Rusije je presenetljiva. V<br />
matični državi se mu je dogajalo marsikaj. Prav <strong>za</strong>radi<br />
tega je po <strong>za</strong>prosilu <strong>za</strong> azil, priznanje azila iz humanitarnih<br />
razlogov dobil skorajda v rekordnem času, v<br />
slabih petih mesecih.<br />
In po obdobju, ki ga je preživel v AD, je prišel na Oddelek<br />
<strong>za</strong> integracijo beguncev in tujcev, kjer mu je bila<br />
dodeljena svetovalka <strong>za</strong> integracijo.<br />
Ruslan je že na <strong>za</strong>četku izkazovall veliko <strong>za</strong>nimanje<br />
<strong>za</strong> vključevanje v vse programe, ki jih država Slovenija<br />
nudi ti<strong>st</strong>im, ki dobijo <strong>st</strong>atus begunca. Nič ni bilo<br />
težko, vedno je <strong>za</strong> vse dejavno<strong>st</strong>i našel čas. S pomočjo<br />
Slovenske filantropije je najel <strong>st</strong>anovanje, <strong>st</strong>roške<br />
najema mu je v obdobju, ko je bil prejemnik socialne<br />
pomoči povrnilo Mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vo <strong>za</strong> <strong>notranje</strong> <strong>za</strong>deve.<br />
Opravil je tečaj slovenskega jezika in uspešno še izpit<br />
iz le tega. Pri jezuitih je hodil na tečaj računalništva.<br />
Opravil je vozniški izpit <strong>za</strong> več kategorij. S Slovensko<br />
filantropijo je obiskal več krajev po naši širni Sloveniji,<br />
sodeloval je na tečaju <strong>za</strong> pro<strong>st</strong>ovoljce, ki ga je prav<br />
tako organizirala SF. V vseh teh letih je poprijel <strong>za</strong> vsako<br />
delo, od navadnega delavca, do šoferja kamionov.<br />
Ruslan je po naravi veseljak, pravi Rus. Njegov konjiček<br />
je gorsko kolesarjenje, rad potuje, novo leto je<br />
preživel v Bratislavi. Njegova želja je, da bi še dodatno<br />
izpilil angleški jezik. Ko sem ga vprašala, kaj njemu<br />
osebno delo pomeni, mi je kot iz topa rekel, da dela,<br />
ker rad pomaga ljudem. Njegov življenjski moto je:<br />
»Ravnaj s človekom tako, kot bi ti želel, da bi drugi<br />
ravnali s tabo«.<br />
Ruslan ima danes vse pogoje, da <strong>za</strong>prosi <strong>za</strong> slovensko<br />
državljan<strong>st</strong>vo in to bo v prihodnjih dneh tudi naredil.<br />
Njegova želja je, da bi si v Sloveniji s partnerico u<strong>st</strong>vari<br />
družino, s šolanjem bo nadaljeval, tako da mu v prihodnjih<br />
letih ne bo dolgčas. Kar pogreša tu v Sloveniji<br />
je mama, na katero je še posebno nave<strong>za</strong>n in kateri po<br />
svojih močeh pomaga. Dnevno se slišita po telefonu,<br />
njegova največja želja pa je, da bi ga obiskala. In ker<br />
Ruslan vse kar se loti naredi, sem prepričana, da se bo<br />
to srečanje v kratkem zgodilo.<br />
To so tudi moje novoletne želje <strong>za</strong>nj in <strong>za</strong> vse, ki tako<br />
hrepenite po svojih domačih. Če ne drugače, sem z va-<br />
30<br />
šimi mislimi in željami z vami in vam iz srca želim, da<br />
bi kdo od vas dobil <strong>st</strong>atus in da bi z našim Sektorjem<br />
<strong>za</strong> integracijo tujcev in beguncev tako dobro sodelovali<br />
kot Ruslan. Upam, da nas bo, po sprejetju v državljan<strong>st</strong>vo,<br />
Ruslan še kdaj obiskal in nas razveseljeval s<br />
ti<strong>st</strong>im njegovim prisrčnim nasmehom.<br />
Hvala ti Ruslan, da si nam v vseh teh letih poka<strong>za</strong>l da<br />
pri<strong>za</strong>devanja naše službe, ki se ukvarja z integracijo,<br />
lahko pomaga takim kot si TI.<br />
Zgodbo <strong>za</strong>pisala: Tamara Antonaz Pogorevc<br />
Životna priča Ruslana iz Rusije je iznenađujuća. U svojoj zemlji<br />
mnogo toga mu se desilo. Svašta!. Baš zbog toga dodijeljen<br />
mu je humanitarni <strong>st</strong>atus u rekordno vrijeme - manje od<br />
pet mjeseci poslije predaje molbe <strong>za</strong> azil.<br />
Poslije perioda boravka u AD došao je na naš Odjel <strong>za</strong> integraciju<br />
<strong>st</strong>ranaca I izbjeglica I Darja je po<strong>st</strong>ala njegova savjetnica<br />
<strong>za</strong> integraciju.<br />
Ruslan je već u početku izrazio velik interes <strong>za</strong> integraciju u<br />
sve programe koje država Slovenija nudi onima koji prime<br />
<strong>st</strong>atus. Niša mu nije bilo teško, unatoč radu uvijek je našao<br />
vrijeme. Pomoću Slovenske filantropije iznajmio je <strong>st</strong>an, a<br />
troškove je pokrilo Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>vo unutrašnjih poslova dok je<br />
još primio socijalnu pomoć.<br />
Bio je na tečaju slovenskog jezika in uspješno <strong>za</strong>vršio ispit<br />
iz jezika. Kod Jezuita posjećuje kompjuterski tečaj in <strong>za</strong>vrši<br />
ispite iz B,C, E i NPK kategorije. Pomoću Slovenske filantropije<br />
obilazi više krajeva širom Slovenije I surađuje na tečaju<br />
<strong>za</strong> dobrovoljce, kojeg organizira također SF. Sve ove godine je<br />
radio svaki posao od običnog radnika do šofera kamiona.<br />
Ruslan je po prirodi veseljak, pravi Rus. Njegov hobi je gorski<br />
bicikl i voli putovati Za novu godinu bio je u bratislavi.<br />
Njegova želja je, da još dodatno usavrši engleski jezik. Pitala<br />
sam ga što njemu osobno znači rad I kaše kao iz topa da radi<br />
zbog toga da pomaže ljudima. Njegov životni moto je ravnati<br />
s ljudima tako kao što ti želiš da oni ravnaju tobom.<br />
Ruslan ima danas sve oslove da <strong>za</strong>moli <strong>za</strong> slovensko državljan<strong>st</strong>vo<br />
što će I uraditi u narednim danima.<br />
Sa svojom partnericom želi osnivati porodicu I na<strong>st</strong>aviti školovanje<br />
tako da mu neće biti dosadno. Što mu nedo<strong>st</strong>aje tu u<br />
Sloveniji je majka sa kojom ima jake veze I kojoj pomaže koliko<br />
sam može. Svaki dan se čuju po telefonu I njegova najveća
želja je da ga majka posjeti. Pošto je sposoban uraditi sve što<br />
hoće ne sumnjam da će se taj susret uskoro dogoditi.<br />
To su I moje želje <strong>za</strong> novu godinu <strong>za</strong> njega I <strong>za</strong> sve koji žude<br />
<strong>za</strong> bližnjima. Ako ne drukčije ja sam u vašim mislima I željama.<br />
Iz sveg srca želim da bi neki od vas primili <strong>st</strong>atus I tako<br />
dobro surađivali sa našim Sektorom kao Ruslan. nadam se da<br />
će poslije prijema u državljan<strong>st</strong>vo Ruslan posjetiti našu službu<br />
I razveselio nas svojim srdačnim osmijehom<br />
Hvala ti Ruslan, da si nam u svim tim godinama poka<strong>za</strong>o napore<br />
naše službe <strong>za</strong> integraciju koja može pomoći ljudima<br />
kao što si TI.<br />
I <strong>za</strong>što je to takoreći prava ruska bajka? Jer je sve što sam<br />
napisala i<strong>st</strong>ina. SRETNO!<br />
Bajku <strong>za</strong>pisala: Tamara Antonaz Pogorevc<br />
The life <strong>st</strong>ory of Ruslan from Russia is amazing. Many things<br />
happened in his home country. Lots of things. This is why<br />
after filing his asylum application he was granted the humanitarian<br />
<strong>st</strong>atus almo<strong>st</strong> in a record breaking time – less<br />
than five months.<br />
After living in Asylum Centre (AC) he arrived in the Alien and<br />
Foreigner Integration Section where Darja was appointed<br />
his integration counsellor.<br />
Ruslan expressed already in the beginning a great intere<strong>st</strong><br />
in integrating into the society and the programmes offered<br />
by Slovenia to those who have been granted the <strong>st</strong>atus.<br />
Nothing was too difficult, he would always find time in<br />
spite of working hard. Assi<strong>st</strong>ed by the Slovenska filantropija<br />
(Slovene Philanthropy - SF) he rented a flat and the MOI<br />
Mini<strong>st</strong>ry of Interior) reimbursed the co<strong>st</strong>s of renting as he<br />
was receiving social assi<strong>st</strong>ance.<br />
He attended the course of Slovene language and passed<br />
the exam successfully. He attended the computer course at<br />
the Jesuit Refugee Service. He also passed all the exams for<br />
categories B,C, E, NPK. With Slovenska filantropija he visited<br />
several places all over Slovenia and participated in the<br />
course for volunteers organised by SF. He took every job,<br />
from an ordinary workman to the truck driver.<br />
Ruslan is a merry person, a true Russian. His hobby is mountain<br />
biking and likes to travel. He spent the New Year’s eve<br />
in Bratislava. He wishes to brush up his English even more.<br />
When I asked him what work means to him he said at once<br />
that he works because he likes to help people. His life’s<br />
motto is: Treat people in the same was as you wish to be<br />
treated by them.<br />
Ruslan has met today all the requirements for Slovene citizenship<br />
and that is what he will do in the days to come.<br />
He wants to raise a family with his partner and continue his<br />
<strong>st</strong>udies so that he will not be bored in the following years.<br />
What he misses here in Slovenia is his mother to whom he<br />
is truly close and whom he helps to the be<strong>st</strong> of his abilities.<br />
He talks to her every day on the phone and his bigge<strong>st</strong><br />
wish is that she could visit him one day. Since Ruslan does<br />
everything he undertakes I am sure he will meet his mother<br />
shortly.<br />
These are also my wishes for him and for all those longing<br />
for your families. If not otherwise I am with you in my<br />
thoughts and wish you from the bottom of my heart that<br />
some of you will be granted the refugee <strong>st</strong>atus and cooperate<br />
with our Section ju<strong>st</strong> as well as Ruslan. I hope that after<br />
he is granted Slovene citizenship Ruslan will visit us and<br />
make us happy with his heartily smile.<br />
Thank you Ruslan for showing in these years the efforts of<br />
our service that can help people like YOU!<br />
And why is this almo<strong>st</strong> like a true Russian fairy tale? Because<br />
everything I wrote truly happened! GOOD LUCK!<br />
The <strong>st</strong>ory written by: Tamara Antonaz Pogorevc<br />
VICI VICEVI JOKES / VICI VICEVI JOKES / VICI VICEVI JOKES<br />
48,... 49,…<br />
Črnolaska skače po tirih in prepeva vedno i<strong>st</strong>i napev: “ 48 ... 48 ...<br />
48...” Mimo pride blondinka in vpraša, če se ji lahko pridruži. Obe<br />
skačeta po tirih in pojeta: “48 ...48 ...48 ...” Ko nasproti pripelje<br />
vlak, črnolaska skoči s tirov, blondinko pa vlak povozi. Črnolaska se<br />
vrne na tire, skače in si prepeva:”49 ...49 ...49 ...”<br />
48,... 49,…<br />
Brineta skače po pruzi i <strong>st</strong>alno pjeva i<strong>st</strong>u pjesmicu: “48... 48...<br />
48...” Dođe plavuša i pita dali se može pridružiti. Obje dvoje skaču<br />
NASVET ZA OSVAJANJE<br />
A ti verjameš v ljubezen na prvi pogled ali<br />
moram še enkrat mimo?<br />
KAKO OSVOJITI SRCE<br />
48,... 49,…<br />
Dali ti vjeruješ u ljubav na prvi pogled ili<br />
moram još jedanput proći pored tebe?<br />
<strong>za</strong>jedno i pjevaju: “48...48...48...” Dođe vlak, brineta pobjegne a<br />
plavušu izgazi vlak. Brineta se vrati, skače i pjeva:”49...49...49...”<br />
A brunette is jumping on the railway tracks always singing<br />
the same tune “ 48...48...48...” A blonde passes by and asks<br />
if she can join her. They both continue jumping and singing:<br />
“48...48...48...” As the train is approaching the brunette jumps<br />
off the tracks and the blonde is run over by the train. The brunette<br />
returns to the tracks, jumping and singing:”49... 49... 49...”<br />
HOW TO WIN HER HEART?<br />
Do you believe in love at fir<strong>st</strong> sight or do I<br />
have to come by once again?<br />
31
Tečaj slovenskega jezika v<br />
Azilnem domu<br />
32<br />
TEČAJ SLOVENSKOG JEZIKA U AZILNOM<br />
DOMU<br />
Učiteljica je bila izvanredno profesionalna, veoma dobrog<br />
srca i neizmjerno <strong>st</strong>rpljiva te ljubazna - gospođa profesorica<br />
Anja Tomazin.<br />
Svakome pojedincu polagala je puno pažnje. Svoj rad je obavila<br />
veoma <strong>st</strong>ručno i učinkovito mada je bila ispo<strong>st</strong>avljena<br />
neobičnim ili nepotrebnim okolno<strong>st</strong>ima.<br />
Zbog toga smatram, ako dođe do ideje o kursovima u Domu,<br />
da se razmisli i o sljedećim <strong>st</strong>varima:<br />
Pre svega odlučujuća činjenica je da su kursovi počeli bez potrebne<br />
pripreme molilaca <strong>za</strong> azil. Socijalni radnici bi naime<br />
trebali prije početka organizirati sa<strong>st</strong>anak sa svim učesnicima<br />
i onda ih upozoriti da je u interesu svih da nauče jezik<br />
države u koju su došli po svojoj volji i olakšati međusobno<br />
komuniciranje bez obzira na konačnu sudbinu.<br />
To je svakako i moralna obave<strong>za</strong> svakog molilaca in da je sve<br />
suprotno tome u dubokoj suprotno<strong>st</strong>i poštenim <strong>za</strong>htjevima<br />
po azilu.<br />
I<strong>st</strong>o tako činjenica je da su socijalni radnici znali <strong>za</strong> sve smiješne<br />
i sasvim neopravdane „argumente“ molilaca <strong>za</strong> azil<br />
protiv kursova slovenskog jezika i „prepreke“. Imali su dovoljno<br />
vremena <strong>za</strong> pripremu primjernih odgovora na te “i<strong>za</strong>zove”<br />
i ohrabriti sve da sudjeluju na tečaju. Primjer: bile su<br />
gospođe koje su <strong>za</strong>kasnile na tečaj samo mjesec dana. One su<br />
došle 1. oktobra a nisu željele sjediti pored mene na udaljeno<strong>st</strong>i<br />
gotovo 3 metra od mene! I to u glavnom gradu države<br />
centralne Europe!<br />
Na sa<strong>st</strong>anku svih, kao rečeno, njihovi muževi su mogli lako<br />
dogovoriti se o tome, kako se žene same voze autobusom, idu<br />
same u grad il nevjerojatno koliko muškaraca ima?! I tako<br />
godinama.<br />
„Demokracija“ molilaca, koja se kasnije uvažavala, nije bila<br />
dobro ili pravo rješenje. Neki su naime odlučili, da idu na tečaj<br />
samo jedan ili dva puta. Drugi su bili mišljenja, veoma<br />
pouzdano a i oholo, da idu i na viši <strong>st</strong>epen tečaja ali su znali<br />
malo, čak i ništa.<br />
Ova „demokracija“ bila je naporna i narušavajuća. Taj račun<br />
je opet platila profesorica Anja Tomazin, koja se morala dodatno<br />
pripremati i gubiti svoje slobodno vrijeme, prilagoditi<br />
se svakome pojedincu bez obzira na to dali će ga sljedeći put<br />
opet vidjeti dok šeće po malom razredu.
Bez sumnje gospođa profesorica Anja Tomazin <strong>za</strong>služuje sve<br />
če<strong>st</strong>itke. Jako sam joj zbog toga <strong>za</strong>hvalan, njoj i Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>vu<br />
<strong>za</strong> unutrašnje poslove te ERF, jer sam naučio nešto.<br />
Unatoč svemu i činjenici da se nisam osjećao željen u razredu,<br />
kao što sam već obrazložio sada mogu da sam na<strong>st</strong>avim<br />
svoje obrazovanje – permanentno učiti sve potrebne jezike.<br />
U Ljubljani 8. novembra 2009<br />
Dubravko Podbojec<br />
COURSES OF SLOVENE LANGUAGE IN ASY-<br />
LUM CENTRE<br />
The lecturer was extremely professional, kind hearted, truly<br />
patient and very kind – Mrs. Prof. Anja Tomazin.<br />
She paid a lot of attention to every individual. She did her<br />
job extremely professionally and efficiently even though<br />
she was exposed to unusual and unnecessary situations.<br />
This is why I believe that in case of new ideas about any<br />
courses in the Centre the following points should be considered.<br />
The decisive fact remains that the courses began without<br />
the necessary preparations of asylum applicants. Before the<br />
beginning the social workers should namely have organised<br />
a meeting with all the applicants and told them that it is in<br />
the intere<strong>st</strong> of them all to learn the official language of the<br />
country where they arrived on their own will - to facilitate<br />
the communication between them regardless of their final<br />
de<strong>st</strong>iny.<br />
This is of course at the same time also a moral obligation of<br />
every applicant and if this is not the case, it is profoundly in<br />
contradiction with their hone<strong>st</strong> asylum claims.<br />
The other fact is that the social workers knew about all their<br />
ridiculous and completely unju<strong>st</strong>ified “arguments” again<strong>st</strong><br />
the Slovene language courses and “ob<strong>st</strong>acles”. They had<br />
time enough to prepare adequate responses to these “challenges”<br />
and encourage them to participate in the courses.<br />
Example: there were some ladies who missed the course for<br />
one month. They could have come on 1 October but then<br />
they did not want to sit in the classroom next to me and<br />
took their seat at lea<strong>st</strong> 3 metres away! And that happened<br />
in the capital city of a Central European country!<br />
At the above mentioned preliminary meeting their husbands<br />
could agree on their women taking the bus, go to town alone<br />
and on the fact that the room will be full of other men.<br />
This could be done years ago!<br />
The “democracy” of applicants that was later considered was<br />
not a good and right choice. Some of them in fact decided<br />
to attend the course only once or twice. Others, very self<br />
confident and aloof, were sure they could take the advanced<br />
course but had very little or no knowledge at all.<br />
This “democracy” was very di<strong>st</strong>urbing and tiring. And this<br />
bill was paid again by professor Anja Tomazin. She had to<br />
make additional preparations, lose her time, adju<strong>st</strong> to every<br />
individual even though she was not sure to see him again in<br />
the classroom or not.<br />
There is no doubt that Prof. Tomazin deserves all the congratulations<br />
by all of them. I am truly grateful to her, the<br />
Mini<strong>st</strong>ry of the Interior and the ERF for learning something.<br />
Anyhow, I no longer felt wanted in the classroom after 1<br />
October for the above reasons but now I am able to continue<br />
my education - permanently learning all the necessary<br />
languages.<br />
In Ljubljana on 8 November 2009<br />
Dubravko Podbojec<br />
Cene Štupar - Center <strong>za</strong><br />
permanentno izobraževanje<br />
v Azilnem domu<br />
Na osnovi javnega razpisa Mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>va <strong>za</strong> <strong>notranje</strong> <strong>za</strong>deve<br />
RS <strong>za</strong> izvajanje programov pomoči prosilcem <strong>za</strong><br />
mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito v Azilnem domu, tujcem ter osebam<br />
z mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito, št. 430-656/2008, smo<br />
bili izbrani <strong>za</strong> izvajanje tečajev slovenskega jezika in<br />
učne pomoči otrokom v Azilnem domu. Na javni razpis<br />
je <strong>za</strong>vod Ceneta Štuparja prijavila organi<strong>za</strong>torka izob-<br />
raževanja odraslih Alida Zagorc Šuligoj, ki tudi skrbi<br />
<strong>za</strong> izvedbo projekta, program učenja slovenščine pa<br />
izvaja Anja Tomazin, profesorica slovenščine.<br />
Učenje slovenskega jezika je <strong>za</strong> prosilce <strong>za</strong> mednarodno<br />
<strong>za</strong>ščito pomembno z vidika potreb po osnovnem komuniciranju<br />
in lažjem vključevanju v življenje v Azilnem<br />
33
domu. Program prispeva tudi h kvalitetnejši <strong>za</strong>polnitvi<br />
pro<strong>st</strong>ega časa prosilcev in bogati ponudbo izvajanja<br />
pro<strong>st</strong>očasnih dejavno<strong>st</strong>i. Zaradi dej<strong>st</strong>va, da v nekaterih<br />
primerih po<strong>st</strong>opki odločanja o mednarodni <strong>za</strong>ščiti trajajo<br />
tudi več kot leto dni, program omogoča izvedbo<br />
tako osnovnega kot tudi nadaljevalnega tečaja.<br />
Osnovno sporazumevanje prosilcem omogoča tudi<br />
uveljavljanje svojih pravic in do<strong>st</strong>op do in<strong>st</strong>itucij. Nena<strong>za</strong>dnje<br />
znanje slovenščine pred<strong>st</strong>avlja prosilcem<br />
pomemben in temeljni korak v procesu integracije v<br />
slovensko družbo.<br />
Program predvideva OSNOVNI TEČAJ slovenskega jezika<br />
v obsegu 30 šolskih ur na nivoju, ki je potreben<br />
<strong>za</strong> osnovno komuniciranje v vsakdanjem življenju,<br />
<strong>za</strong>čne se in konča se vsak mesec. Tečaj se izvaja štirikrat<br />
tedensko po dve šolski uri, skupaj 360 šolskih ur.<br />
NADALJEVALNI TEČAJ slovenskega jezika v obsegu 60<br />
šolskih ur vsebuje utrditev že osvojenega znanja, pridobljenega<br />
na osnovnem tečaju z njegovo nadgradnjo.<br />
Nadaljevalni tečaj se izvaja dvakrat letno, trikrat<br />
tedensko po dve šolski uri, skupaj 120 šolskih ur letno.<br />
UČNA POMOČ ZA OTROKE <strong>za</strong> lažje in hitrejše vključevanju<br />
otrok v osnovnošolsko izobraževanje se izvaja<br />
v popoldanskem času. Zajema tehnike lažjega učenja<br />
in razumevanja snovi in pomoč pri domačih nalogah.<br />
Učna pomoč se izvaja vsak dan od ponedeljka do petka<br />
po eno šolsko uro, v skupnem obsegu 240 šolskih ur<br />
letno.<br />
Sred<strong>st</strong>va <strong>za</strong> izvedbo programa so <strong>za</strong>gotovljena iz Evropskega<br />
sklada <strong>za</strong> begunce in Evropskega sklada <strong>za</strong><br />
vključevanje državljanov tretjih držav in proračuna<br />
Republike Slovenije.<br />
34<br />
VABILO NA ZAČETNI TEČAJ SLOVENŠČINE<br />
KOMU JE TEČAJ NAMENJEN: Vabljeni <strong>st</strong>e vsi, ki<br />
ne znate govoriti slovensko ali slovensko govorite<br />
slabo. Veseli bomo tudi vseh, ki že dobro<br />
govorite slovensko in bi se radi družili in sporazumevali<br />
v slovenščini.<br />
KAJ SE BOMO NAUČILI? Na tečaju se bomo naučili<br />
pozdraviti, pred<strong>st</strong>aviti se in navezovati <strong>st</strong>ik z<br />
drugimi (osebno in po telefonu), dajati in razumeti<br />
osnovna navodila v zvezi z uro, datumom,<br />
pro<strong>st</strong>orom ter smerjo.<br />
KJE POTEKA TEČAJ: V knjižnici Azilnega doma.<br />
KDAJ POTEKA TEČAJ: Po urniku (urnik visi na<br />
vratih knjižnice).<br />
Profesorici Anji Tomazin je gospa Sara Djor, ki je novembra<br />
končala nadaljevalni tečaj, v slovenščini <strong>za</strong><strong>st</strong>avila<br />
nekaj vprašanj.<br />
Sara: »Kako vam je ime?«<br />
Anja: »Jaz sem Anja.«<br />
Sara: »Kako se pišete?«<br />
Anja: »Pišem se Tomazin.«<br />
Sara: »Kaj <strong>st</strong>e po poklicu?«<br />
Anja: »Po poklicu sem profesorica slovenščine in<br />
sociologije.«<br />
Sara: »Koliko časa tujce učite slovenščino?«<br />
Anja: »Na tečaju slovenščine sem prvič učila pred<br />
petimi leti, ko sem bila še študentka. To je<br />
bila <strong>za</strong>me fanta<strong>st</strong>ična izkušnja. Delo sem takoj<br />
vzljubila in ga z veseljem poklicno opravljam 3<br />
leta.«<br />
Sara: »Kakšna je razlika med učenjem slovenščine<br />
tujcev in učenjem osnovnošolcev oz.<br />
srednješolcev?«<br />
Anja: »Tujcem je slovenščina drugi/tuji jezik, kar<br />
pomeni, da se slovenščino učijo <strong>za</strong>radi sporazumevalnih<br />
potreb oz. okolja, osnovnošolcem<br />
oz. srednješolcem pa je slovenščina<br />
prvi (materni) jezik. Razlika v poučevanju je<br />
ogromna, saj pri pouku slovenščine kot drugega/tujega<br />
jezika učitelji uporabljamo drugačne<br />
metode, učne pripomočke in drugačen<br />
način dela kot v osnovni oz. srednji šoli.<br />
Sara: »Kako učite ljudi iz različnih držav?«<br />
Anja: »Jezik (ali jeziki), ki ga posameznik govori,<br />
je vsaj na <strong>za</strong>četku procesa učenja slovenščine<br />
eden od pomembnih dejavnikov. Tečajnika,<br />
ki je npr. z Japonske, moramo najprej naučiti<br />
izgovoriti glas r, nekoga s Kitajske č, ž ipd.<br />
Lahko si pred<strong>st</strong>avljate, da se nemalokrat od<br />
srca nasmejimo. Posamezniki, ki pa prihajajo<br />
iz slovanskega jezikovnega okolja, imajo na<br />
splošno <strong>za</strong>radi podobne glasovne in črkovne<br />
se<strong>st</strong>ave, <strong>st</strong>rukture, korenov besed ter nena<strong>za</strong>dnje<br />
kulture nekoliko lažje delo, čeprav lahko<br />
ravno ta podobno<strong>st</strong> med slovanskimi jeziki vodi<br />
v mešanje jezikov.«<br />
Sara: »Kaj želite naučiti tujce?«<br />
Anja: »Pred vsakim tečajem pripravimo projekcijo<br />
dela, glede na to, kdo se želi naučiti slovensko,<br />
<strong>za</strong>kaj se želi naučiti ter kako se želi naučiti. Vedno<br />
si želim kar se da dobro usposobiti posameznika<br />
<strong>za</strong> suvereno vsakodnevno sporazumevanje.«<br />
Sara: »Ali na tečajih učite tudi slovensko kulturo<br />
in navade? Pri tem mislim na dan reformacije,<br />
ki <strong>st</strong>e nam ga danes pred<strong>st</strong>avili pri pouku.«
Anja: »Seveda. Jezik in kultura (v širšem pomenu<br />
besede) <strong>st</strong>a neločljivo pove<strong>za</strong>na, <strong>za</strong>to si učenja<br />
jezika brez kulture sploh ne morem pred<strong>st</strong>avljati.<br />
Jezik in kulturo se torej učimo hkrati.<br />
Npr. že na <strong>za</strong>četku, ko se naučimo npr. pozdraviti<br />
in nave<strong>za</strong>ti <strong>st</strong>ik, se hkrati učimo kulturo<br />
(do kdaj pozdravimo dobro jutro, kdaj nekoga<br />
vikamo oz. tikamo ipd.). Kasneje, ko so tečajniki<br />
zmožni sprejemati in tvoriti <strong>za</strong>htevnejša<br />
besedila, spoznavamo tudi slovenske navade,<br />
običaje in praznike.«<br />
Sara: »Vemo, da učite slovenščino tudi otroke iz<br />
Azilnega doma, ki hodijo v osnovno in srednjo<br />
šolo. Ali imate težave z otroki?«<br />
Anja: »Osnovnošolcem in srednješolki vsak delovni<br />
dan eno šolsko uro pomagam pri domačih nalogah,<br />
seminarskih nalogah, referatih ali pa<br />
jim pomagam, kadar česa ne razumejo. Težav<br />
z otroki nimam in mislim, da se dobro razumemo.<br />
Moram pa reči, da nekateri učenci na žalo<strong>st</strong><br />
premalokrat izkori<strong>st</strong>ijo mojo pomoč.«<br />
Sara: »Kaj želite povedati <strong>za</strong> konec?«<br />
Anja: »Na koncu bi vse prijazno povabila na tečaj slovenščine.<br />
Vsem, ki pa že hodite na tečaje slovenščine,<br />
pa želim veliko uspeha, vztrajno<strong>st</strong>i in<br />
dobre volje.«<br />
Vsi <strong>za</strong>posleni na Štuparju spodbujamo vse generacije<br />
k vseživljenjskemu učenju in uspešno<br />
dvigujemo izobrazbeno raven prebival<strong>st</strong>va.<br />
Pri našem delu tesno sodelujemo s številnimi državnimi<br />
in lokalnimi inštitucijami, kot na primer z našo<br />
u<strong>st</strong>anoviteljico me<strong>st</strong>no občino Ljubljana, z Mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>vom<br />
<strong>za</strong> šol<strong>st</strong>vo in šport RS, z Andragoškim centrom<br />
Slovenije, s Centrom <strong>za</strong> poklicno izobraževanje in z<br />
Zavodom <strong>za</strong> šol<strong>st</strong>vo ter vsemi o<strong>st</strong>alimi organi<strong>za</strong>cijami<br />
izobraževanja odraslih.<br />
Zapisali: Alida Zagorc Šuligoj in Anja Tomazin,<br />
Cene Štupar – Center <strong>za</strong> permanentno izobraževanje,<br />
Ljubljana<br />
CENE ŠTUPAR – CENTAR ZA PERMANENTNO<br />
OBRAZOVANJE U AZILNOM DOMU<br />
Na osnovu javnog raspisa Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>va <strong>za</strong> unutrašnje poslove<br />
<strong>za</strong> izvedbu programa pomoći moliocima <strong>za</strong> međunarodnu <strong>za</strong>štitu<br />
u Azilnom domu i <strong>st</strong>rancima te osobama, kojim je bila<br />
međunarodna <strong>za</strong>štita priznata, br. raspisa: 430-656/2008,<br />
bili smo odabrani <strong>za</strong> izvedbu kursova slovenskog jezika in<br />
školske pomoći djeci u Azilnom domu. Na javni raspis in<strong>st</strong>itut<br />
Cene Štupar prijavio organi<strong>za</strong>toricu obrazovanja odraslih Ali-<br />
du Zagorc Šuligoj koje se brine o izvedbi projekta a program<br />
učenja slovenskog jezika izvodi Anja Tomazin, profesorica<br />
slovenskog jezika.<br />
Učenje slovenskog je <strong>za</strong> molioce jako važno u pogledu potrebe<br />
po svakodnevnom komuniciranju i lakše integracije<br />
u život Azilnog doma. Program doprinosi također kvalitetu<br />
ispunjavanja slobodnog vrjemena molioca i bogati ponudu<br />
aktivno<strong>st</strong>i u slobodno vrijeme. Zbog činjenice da u nekim slučajevima<br />
po<strong>st</strong>upci primanja odluke o molbi <strong>za</strong> međunarodnu<br />
<strong>za</strong>štitu traju čak i godinu dana, program omogućava izvedbu<br />
ne samo osnovnih nego i naprednih tečaja.<br />
Osnovno sporazumijevanje omogućuje moliocima i sprovajanje<br />
njihovih prava te kontakt sa in<strong>st</strong>itucijama. Na kraju<br />
znanje slovenskog jezika pred<strong>st</strong>avlja važan i temeljni korak u<br />
procesu integracije u slovensko društvo.<br />
Program predviđa OSNOVNI TEČAJ slovenskog jezika v opsegu<br />
30 školskih sati na nivou koji je potreban <strong>za</strong> osnovno komuniciranje<br />
u svakodnevnom životu. Počinje i <strong>za</strong>vršava se svaki<br />
mjesec. Izvodi se četiri puta u tjednu po dva školska sata što<br />
znači ukupno 360 sati. NAPREDNI TEČAJ slovenskog jezika v<br />
opsegu 60 školskih sati sadržava utvrđenje već po<strong>st</strong>ignutog<br />
znanja iz osnovnog kursa i njegovu nadgradnju. Taj kurs se<br />
izvodi dva puta u godini, tri puta u tjednu po dva školska sata<br />
- ukupno 120 sati godišnje. ŠKOLSKA POMOĆ ZA DJECU <strong>za</strong> lakšu<br />
i bržu integraciju djece u osnovnu školu izvodi se poslije<br />
podne. Uključuje tehnike lakšeg učenja i razumijevanja<br />
školskih predmeta i pomoć kod domaćih <strong>za</strong>daća. Ta pomoć<br />
se izvodi svaki dan od ponedjeljka do petka u trajanju jednog<br />
sata ili ukupno 240 sati godišnje.<br />
Sred<strong>st</strong>va <strong>za</strong> izvedbu programa osigurava Europski fond <strong>za</strong><br />
izbjeglice (ERF) i Europski fond <strong>za</strong> integraciju državljana trećih<br />
država te proračun Republike Slovenije.<br />
POZIV NA POČETNI TEČAJ SLOVENSKOG JEZIKA<br />
ZA KOGA JE TAJ TEČAJ: Pozvani <strong>st</strong>e svi vi, koji ne znate<br />
govoriti slovenski ili slovenski govorite slabo. Dobrodošli<br />
također i svi, koji već dobro govorite slovenski i<br />
volite druženje ili komuniciranje.<br />
ŠTO ĆEMO NAUČITI? Na tečaju potruditi ćemo se naučiti<br />
kako se pozdravlja, pred<strong>st</strong>avlja i komunicira sa<br />
drugima (osobno ili po telefonu), davati in razumjeti<br />
osnovne upute u vezi ure, datuma, pro<strong>st</strong>ora i orijentacije.<br />
GDJE ĆE BITI TEČAJ?: U biblioteci Azilnog doma.<br />
KADA?: Prema rasporedu časova (koji visi na vratima<br />
biblioteke).<br />
Profesorici Anji Tomazin je gospođa Saraa Djor, koja je u novembru<br />
<strong>za</strong>vršila napredni kurs slovenskog po<strong>st</strong>avila nekoliko<br />
pitanja.<br />
Sara: »Kako vam je ime?«<br />
Anja: »Ja sam Anja.«<br />
35
Sara: »Kako se prezivate?«<br />
Anja: »Prezivam se Tomazin.«<br />
Sara: »Što <strong>st</strong>e po <strong>za</strong>nimanju?«<br />
Anja: »Po <strong>za</strong>nimanju sam profesorica slovenskog jezika i sociologije.«<br />
Sara: »Koliko dugo već učite <strong>st</strong>rance slovenskog jezika?«<br />
Anja: »Na tečaju slovenskog prvi put sam bila na<strong>st</strong>avnica<br />
prije pet godina dok sam bila još <strong>st</strong>udentica. To je bilo<br />
<strong>za</strong> mene fanta<strong>st</strong>ično isku<strong>st</strong>vo. Odmah sam <strong>za</strong>voljela taj<br />
rad in sa <strong>za</strong>dovolj<strong>st</strong>vom ga obavljam profesionalno 3<br />
godine.«<br />
Sara: »Kakva je razlika između na<strong>st</strong>ave slovenskog jezika <strong>za</strong><br />
<strong>st</strong>rance i na<strong>st</strong>ave <strong>za</strong> osnovne odnosno srednje škole?«<br />
Anja: »Strancima je slovenski drugi/treći jezik što znači da<br />
uče naš jezik zbog potrebe po komuniciranju, odnosno<br />
zbog okoline. Đacima u osnovnoj ili srednjoj školi<br />
slovenski je prvi (materin) jezik. Razlika u na<strong>st</strong>avi je<br />
ogromna pošto se mi na<strong>st</strong>avnici služimo drugih metoda,<br />
alata i oruđa kad se radi o drugom/trećem jeziku<br />
nego u slučaju na<strong>st</strong>ave u osnovnoj ili srednjoj školi.<br />
Sara: »Kako učite ljudi iz različitih država?«<br />
Anja: »Jezik (ili jezici) kojeg govori pojedinac je barem u početku<br />
učenja slovenskog jedan od važnih faktora. Učesnik,<br />
na primjer iz Japana, moramo prvo naučiti kako<br />
se izgovara glas „r“ a drugog iz Kine „č“ ili „ž“. Možete<br />
<strong>za</strong>misliti , da se ponekad nasmijemo od srca. Pojedinci<br />
koji dolaze iz slovenski govoreće okoline imaju općenito<br />
zbog lingvi<strong>st</strong>ičkih slično<strong>st</strong>i - slovo, pismo, <strong>st</strong>ruktura,<br />
korijeni i kultura – nekako lakši posao ali baš ove<br />
slično<strong>st</strong>i među slovenskim jezicima vode u miješanje<br />
jezika.«<br />
Sara: »Što želite naučiti <strong>st</strong>rance?«<br />
Anja: »Prije svakog kursa pripremimo projekciju rada obzirom<br />
na to, tko želi učiti slovenski, zbog čega želi učiti<br />
i kako želi učiti. Uvijek želim što bolje naučiti pojedinca<br />
<strong>za</strong> suvereno svakodnevno komuniciranje.«<br />
Sara: »Dali na tečaju učite i slovensku kulturu i običaje?<br />
Mislim na dan reformacije kojeg <strong>st</strong>e danas pred<strong>st</strong>avili<br />
tokom na<strong>st</strong>ave.«<br />
Anja: »naravno. Jezik i kultura (u najširem smislu riječi)<br />
su pove<strong>za</strong>ni <strong>za</strong>to na<strong>st</strong>ave jezika bez kulture ne mogu<br />
uopće <strong>za</strong>misliti. Jezik i kulturu dakle učimo i<strong>st</strong>ovremeno.<br />
Na početku na primjer učimo kako se pozdravlja<br />
i komunicira a i<strong>st</strong>ovremeno i kulturu (do kada se pozdravlja<br />
„dobro jutro“, kada treba nekoga oslovljavati<br />
sa „ti“ ili „vi“ i slično.). Kasnije kad su učesnici već<br />
sposobni pratiti i formirati teže tek<strong>st</strong>ove upoznaju i<br />
slovenske običaje i praznike.«<br />
Sara: »Znamo da učite slovenski i drugu djecu iz Azilnog<br />
doma, koji idu u osnovnu i srednju školu . Dali imate<br />
problema?«<br />
Anja: »Ovoj djeci svakog radnog dana nudim po jedan sat<br />
pomoć kod domaće <strong>za</strong>daće, seminarskih <strong>za</strong>daća, referata<br />
ili im pomažem ako nešto ne razumiju. Moram da<br />
kažem da neki od njih premalo kori<strong>st</strong>e moju pomoć.<br />
Problema nema i mislim da se dobro razumijemo.«<br />
Sara: »Što bi rekla na kraju?«<br />
36<br />
Anja: »Na kraju srdačno pozivam sve na tečaj slovenskog<br />
jezika a učesnicima želim puno uspjeha, u<strong>st</strong>rajno<strong>st</strong>i i<br />
dobre volje.«<br />
Svi <strong>za</strong>posleni u centru Štupar potičemo sve generacije <strong>za</strong> doživotno<br />
obrazovanje i uspješno podižemo nivo obrazovanja<br />
čitavog <strong>st</strong>anovništva.<br />
U našem radu bliže surađujemo sa brojnim državama i lokalnim<br />
in<strong>st</strong>itucijama kao na primjer gradskom općinom Ljubljana,<br />
koja nas je u<strong>st</strong>anovila, Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>vo <strong>za</strong> škol<strong>st</strong>vo i sport,<br />
Andragoškim centrom Slovenije, Centrom <strong>za</strong> profesionalno<br />
obrazovanje, In<strong>st</strong>itutom <strong>za</strong> škol<strong>st</strong>vo i svim drugim organi<strong>za</strong>cijama<br />
<strong>za</strong> obrazovanje odraslih.<br />
Zapisale: Alida Zagorc Šuligoj i Anja Tomazin,<br />
Cene Štupar – Center <strong>za</strong> permanentno obrazovanje, Ljubljana<br />
CENE ŠTUPAR – CENTRE FOR PERMANENT<br />
EDUCATION IN ASYLUM CENTRE<br />
Following a public tender of the Mini<strong>st</strong>ry of the Interior to<br />
implement assi<strong>st</strong>ance programmes for asylum seekers in<br />
the Asylum Centre and for aliens and persons granted international<br />
protection, no. 430-656/2008 we were selected<br />
to implement the Slovene language courses and offer <strong>st</strong>udy<br />
help for children in Asylum Centre. In<strong>st</strong>itute Cene Štupar’s<br />
education for adult’s organiser Alida Zagorc Šuligoj sent<br />
the application for the tender. She is also the project leader.<br />
The Slovene language courses are performed by Anja<br />
Tomazin, professor of Slovene.<br />
Learning Slovene language is important for international<br />
protection applicants due to their needs for basic communication<br />
and an easier integration into the life of Asylum Centre.<br />
The programme also contributes to a quality leisure time<br />
and broadens the offer of leisure time activities. Due to the<br />
fact that in some cases the refugee <strong>st</strong>atus determination procedures<br />
may la<strong>st</strong> more than a year the programme allows the<br />
implementation of both basic and advanced courses.<br />
Basic communication allows applicants also to exercise<br />
their rights and access to in<strong>st</strong>itutions. La<strong>st</strong> but not lea<strong>st</strong>,<br />
the knowledge of Slovene is for them an important fundamental<br />
<strong>st</strong>ep ahead towards the process of integration into<br />
the Slovene society.<br />
The programme contains the PRIMARY COURSE of Slovene<br />
including 30 hours (lessons) on the level needed for basic<br />
communication in everyday life. It begins and ends every<br />
month. This course takes place four times a week, two lessons,<br />
totalling to 360 hours. The ADVANCED COURSE of<br />
Slovene includes 60 hours to <strong>st</strong>rengthen the already acquired<br />
knowledge from the primary courses and upgrading<br />
the knowledge. The advanced course is carried out twice a<br />
year, two lessons, altogether 120 hours a year. STUDY HELP<br />
FOR CHILDREN for a smoother and quicker integration of<br />
children into primary school education takes place in the<br />
afternoon. It contains techniques of easier learning and<br />
under<strong>st</strong>anding the subjects as well as assi<strong>st</strong>ance in home-
work. The <strong>st</strong>udy help is performed every day from Monday to<br />
Friday for 1 hour or 240 hours in total during the year.<br />
The resources for implementing the programme are provided<br />
by the European Refugee Fund and the European Fund<br />
for integrating third country nationals as well as the Slovene<br />
national budget.<br />
INVITATION TO PRIMARY SLOVENE COURSE<br />
TO WHOM IS THE COURSE MEANT FOR? All those are<br />
invited who do not speak Slovene or do not speak it<br />
well. We also welcome the persons who already speak<br />
Slovene very well and would like to socialise and<br />
communicate in Slovene language.<br />
WHAT SHALL WE LEARN? At the course we will learn<br />
how to greet a person, how to introduce oneself and<br />
make contact with other people (personally or by telephone),<br />
give and under<strong>st</strong>and basic in<strong>st</strong>ructions regarding<br />
the time, hour and date, space and direction.<br />
WHERE DOES THE COURSE TAKE PLACE? In the library<br />
of Asylum Centre.<br />
WHEN DOES THE COURSE TAKE PLACE? According to<br />
the schedule (on the library’s door).<br />
Mrs. Saraa Djor who finished the advanced Slovene course in<br />
November asked Professor Anja Tomazin a few que<strong>st</strong>ions.<br />
Sara: »What is your name? «<br />
Anja: »I am Anja. «<br />
Sara: »What is your surname? «<br />
Anja: »My surname is Tomazin. «<br />
Sara: »What is your profession? «<br />
Anja: »I am a professor of Slovene language and sociology.«<br />
Sara: »How long have you been teaching Slovene? «<br />
Anja: »The fir<strong>st</strong> time I taught at a Slovene course was five<br />
years ago when I was <strong>st</strong>ill a <strong>st</strong>udent. That was for me<br />
a fanta<strong>st</strong>ic experience. I immediately loved my work<br />
and this has been my profession and pleasure for 3<br />
years. «<br />
Sara: »What is the difference between teaching Slovene for<br />
foreigners and primary school children or secondary<br />
school <strong>st</strong>udents? «<br />
Anja: »Slovene language is the second or third language<br />
for foreigners which means that they learn Slovene<br />
also for communicating and due to the needs of the<br />
environment. To the pupils and <strong>st</strong>udents the Slovene<br />
is their fir<strong>st</strong> language (mother’s tongue). The difference<br />
is enormous because when you teach Slovene as<br />
the second or third language the teacher has to use<br />
other methods, equipment and manner of work as in<br />
the primary or secondary school”.<br />
Sara: »How do you teach people from different countries?«<br />
Anja: »Languages or the language spoken by an individual<br />
is in the process of the beginning one of important<br />
factors for learning Slovene. A participant of the<br />
course, say from Japan, mu<strong>st</strong> fir<strong>st</strong> learn to pronounce<br />
“r” and somebody from China “č” “ž” etc. You can<br />
imagine that sometimes we laugh from the bottom<br />
of our hearts. Individuals coming from the Slavonic<br />
language environment have generally due to similar<br />
phonetic and literal <strong>st</strong>ructures and the roots of words<br />
as well as culture somewhat an easier job but it is precisely<br />
this similarity between the Slavonic languages<br />
that may lead to confusion.«<br />
Sara: »What do you want to teach these foreigners? «<br />
Anja: »Before each course we elaborate the projection<br />
of work as regards who wants to learn Slovene, why<br />
he wants to learn and how. I always wish to enable<br />
an individual as be<strong>st</strong> I can for everyday autonomous<br />
communication. «<br />
Sara: »Do you also teach Slovene culture and cu<strong>st</strong>oms at<br />
your courses? I mean the Reform Day you presented<br />
today in the classroom. «<br />
Anja: »Sure. The language and the culture (in the broade<strong>st</strong><br />
sense) are closely connected so learning the<br />
language without the culture is something I cannot<br />
imagine at all. We therefore learn the language and<br />
the culture simultaneously. Already in the beginning<br />
we learn how to greet a person and make a contact we<br />
also learn the culture (since when do we say “good<br />
morning”, when do we address a person in 3 rd person<br />
plural, or 2 nd person singular etc.). Later when the<br />
participants are capable of forming and under<strong>st</strong>anding<br />
more demanding texts they become familiar with<br />
Slovene cu<strong>st</strong>oms and holidays.«<br />
Sara: »We know that you teach Slovene also the children<br />
from Asylum Centre going to primary or secondary<br />
school. Do you have problems with children? «<br />
Anja: »I offer these pupils and <strong>st</strong>udents every working day<br />
one hour of <strong>st</strong>udy help at homework, papers or reports<br />
and help them if there is something they do<br />
not under<strong>st</strong>and. I have no problems with children -<br />
we under<strong>st</strong>and each other very well. I mu<strong>st</strong> say that<br />
some pupils unfortunately do not take advantage of<br />
my assi<strong>st</strong>ance often enough. «<br />
Sara: »What would you like to say in the end?«<br />
Anja: »I would like to kindly invite everybody to the Slovene<br />
courses and all those who do so, I wish you lots<br />
of success, endurance and good will. «<br />
All the Cene Štupar <strong>st</strong>aff encourages all the generations to<br />
participate in life long education and raise the education<br />
level of the population successfully.<br />
We closely cooperate with several national and local in<strong>st</strong>itutions<br />
like for example our founder municipality of Ljubljana,<br />
Mini<strong>st</strong>ry of Education and Sports, Slovene Andragogy Centre,<br />
Centre for Professional Education and In<strong>st</strong>itute of Education<br />
as well as other organisations for educating adults.<br />
Authors: Laid Zagorsk Julio and Anja Tomazin,<br />
Cene Štupar – Center <strong>za</strong> permanentno izobraževanje, Ljubljana<br />
(Centre for Permanent Education)<br />
37
NUSRET DEMIR<br />
KURIDSTAN<br />
38<br />
NUSRET DEMIR<br />
KURIDSTAN<br />
Zovem se Nusret Demir, rođen 6.9.1975. Živim u Bajar Semuru a po<br />
nacionalno<strong>st</strong>i sam Kurd. Kao svi Kurdi jako volim svoju domovinu i narod<br />
a želim da bi svi ljudi imali svoju državu, slobodu i mir. Sada imamo<br />
mnogo problema u drugim zemljama jer se nas boje pošto nas ima<br />
50 miliona. Kurdi<strong>st</strong>an je veoma bogata država naročito zbog nafte.<br />
Neprijateljske zemlje neće da se Kurdi<strong>st</strong>an ujedini u jednu državu. Taj<br />
trenutak situacija se <strong>za</strong> Kurde poboljšala samo u Iraku, naime poslije<br />
1991 godine kada je pre<strong>st</strong>ao sukob sa SAD.<br />
Moja želja je da u budućno<strong>st</strong>i svi Kurdi žive dobro i u miru sa susjedima.<br />
NUSRET DEMIR<br />
KURIDSTAN<br />
My name is Nurset Demir, born on 6.9.1975. I live in Bajar<br />
Semur and am a Kurd. Like all other Kurds I love may fatherland<br />
and my people very much and wish we had our own country,<br />
freedom and peace. Now we have a lot of problems with<br />
other countries that are afraid of us because we are 50 million.<br />
Kurdi<strong>st</strong>an is a very rich country especially because of oil fields.<br />
The enemy countries do not wish Kurds to unite in one country.<br />
AT the moment the situation for Kurds improved only in Iraq,<br />
namely since 1991, following the conflicts with the USA.<br />
It is my wish that in the future Kurds could live well and in<br />
peace with the neighbours.<br />
“Počitnice <strong>za</strong> begunske<br />
matere in otroke 2009”<br />
Od 23. – 29. avgu<strong>st</strong>a 2009 je Jezuitska služba <strong>za</strong> begunce<br />
že sedmo leto <strong>za</strong>pored organizirala počitnice <strong>za</strong> matere<br />
in njihove otroke. Poleg prosilk <strong>za</strong> mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito<br />
in njihovih otrok iz azilnega doma so se na morje z nami<br />
odpravile tudi matere s <strong>st</strong>atusom begunca in ti<strong>st</strong>e z dovoljenjem<br />
<strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong>časno bivanje v RS. Pridružila se nam je<br />
tudi družina, ki je bila v ti<strong>st</strong>em času na<strong>st</strong>anjena v Centru<br />
<strong>za</strong> tujce, Po<strong>st</strong>ojna.<br />
Bilo nas je 33: 7 žensk, 20 otrok in 6 animatork, med njimi<br />
dve <strong>st</strong>rokovni delavki.<br />
V Portorož smo se odpravili v nedeljo, 23. 8. 2009 v popoldanskem<br />
času. Pro<strong>st</strong>ovoljke, ženske in otroci so šli z<br />
vlakom, medtem ko sva se skupaj s pro<strong>st</strong>ovoljko – <strong>st</strong>ro-<br />
kovno delavko proti Portorožu odpravili z avtom in veliko<br />
prtljage.<br />
Ob prihodu je bila že precej pozna ura in čas <strong>za</strong> večerjo.<br />
Na hitro smo pripravili sla<strong>st</strong>ne te<strong>st</strong>enine, ki so nam po<br />
napornih pripravah in potovanju vsem teknile. Večer je<br />
bil namenjen družabnim igram in boljšemu medsebojnemu<br />
spoznavanju, vse dokler nas ni premagal spanec.<br />
Vsak dan smo se prebudili v sončno jutro, saj nam je bilo<br />
vreme zelo naklonjeno. Po <strong>za</strong>jtrku smo se tako vsak dan<br />
odpravili na plažo, kjer smo preživljali čudovite dneve.<br />
Poleg kopanja in skakanja v vodo, ki je bilo <strong>za</strong> vse posebna<br />
<strong>za</strong>bava in nena<strong>za</strong>dnje preizkušnja: »Kdo si upa?«, smo<br />
se igrali razne družabne igre, kot so: jem jem jem, gnilo
jajce, kdo se boji črnega moža,<br />
vozlanje rok, igre s kartami, spomin,<br />
štiri v vr<strong>st</strong>o, skakanje z gumitvi<strong>st</strong>om<br />
in druge <strong>za</strong>bavne igre.<br />
Zanimive in <strong>za</strong>bavne pa so bile<br />
tudi u<strong>st</strong>varjalne delavnice. Nekaj<br />
smo jih izvedli kar na plaži: izdelava<br />
<strong>za</strong>pe<strong>st</strong>nic z vrvicami, izdelava<br />
plakatov s tempera barvami in posebna<br />
delavnica, kjer so otroci z<br />
barvami risali po svojih telesih in<br />
telesih pro<strong>st</strong>ovoljk. Sprva se otroci<br />
niso želeli »popackati«, vendar<br />
so se kmalu spro<strong>st</strong>ili in na<strong>st</strong>ale so<br />
lepe slike, platna pa so bili otroci<br />
in animatorke. Otroci so bili <strong>za</strong>sedeni<br />
še z drugimi dejavno<strong>st</strong>mi,<br />
kot so risanje na lončke <strong>za</strong> čaj,<br />
izdelava razglednic/kartic, izdelava<br />
plakatov. Poleg omenjenega<br />
so bili otroci razporejeni v tri skupine,<br />
od katerih je bila vedno ena<br />
skupina <strong>za</strong>dolžena <strong>za</strong> pripravo<br />
mize in pospravljanje po obroku.<br />
Ženske so vsak dan znova spoznavale,<br />
da so njihovi otroci pripravljeni<br />
pomagati, če jim nalogo<br />
pred<strong>st</strong>aviš na pravi način, kot izziv<br />
ter jih na koncu primerno nagradiš<br />
s pohvalo, sladoledom ali<br />
pravljico <strong>za</strong> lahko noč. Tako je ena<br />
izmed mater nekega večera <strong>za</strong>čudeno<br />
omenila, da <strong>st</strong>a se njena<br />
otroka precej spremenila, da <strong>st</strong>a<br />
bolj odgovorna <strong>za</strong> svoje naloge<br />
in da komaj verjame, da je temu<br />
tako.<br />
Ženske so na plaži malo poležavale,<br />
se kopale, se veliko pogovarjale,<br />
sicer so bile skupaj <strong>za</strong>dolžene<br />
<strong>za</strong> pripravo hrane. Tukaj<br />
je potrebno veliko medsebojnega<br />
potrpljenja, vendar jim je vsakič<br />
uspelo, da so s skupnimi močmi<br />
pripravile res dober obrok. Ob<br />
tem smo imeli možno<strong>st</strong> pokušati<br />
dobrote iz različnih kultur in držav<br />
(krafne, pite oziroma bureki,<br />
mongolska narodna jed in podobno).<br />
To leto so se vsi večji otroci naučili<br />
plavati. Tako proti koncu<br />
počitnic sploh niso več uporabljali<br />
plavalnih pripomočkov. Plavanja pa<br />
se težko naučijo njihove matere, saj<br />
je večino <strong>st</strong>rah visoke vode, nekatere<br />
pa imajo ta <strong>st</strong>rah v sebi <strong>za</strong>radi preteklih<br />
življenjskih izkušenj. Ob večerih<br />
smo <strong>za</strong> otroke pripravili branje pravljic<br />
in sprehode po me<strong>st</strong>u. Matere pa<br />
so delale načrte <strong>za</strong> jutrišnje kosilo in<br />
se <strong>za</strong>bavale po svoje. Med pogovori,<br />
ki <strong>za</strong>polnijo večino našega skupnega<br />
časa, je venomer priložno<strong>st</strong>, da sem<br />
39
med seboj pobližje spoznamo in si izmenjamo tako dobre,<br />
kot tudi slabe življenjske izkušnje. Vedno znova se<br />
program »Počitnice« pokaže kot dober »povezovalec«.<br />
Družine, ki že imajo <strong>st</strong>atus begunca ali imajo dovoljenje<br />
<strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong>časno bivanje v RS sicer živijo v Sloveniji, vendar na<br />
različnih koncih, tako čez leto izgubijo <strong>st</strong>ik. Počitnice so<br />
priložno<strong>st</strong>, da se ponovno srečajo/mo in vzpo<strong>st</strong>avijo/mo<br />
medsebojne <strong>st</strong>ike. Za ženske in otroke je to vsekakor širjenje<br />
la<strong>st</strong>ne socialne mreže.<br />
Ob evalvaciji so ženske vedno znova poudarjale, da je<br />
bilo letos še posebno lepo in sproščujoče. Otroci so bili<br />
sicer živahni, vendar so i<strong>st</strong>očasno upoštevali tudi pravila,<br />
ki smo jih skupaj določili (umivanje rok in vzdrževanje<br />
higiene, ni bilo toliko nasilnega vedenja, poudarjali smo<br />
nenasilno komunikacijo, skupinsko delo oziroma pomoč<br />
drug drugemu pri manjših <strong>za</strong>dolžitvah). Tako je bilo<br />
vzdušje res prijetno tako <strong>za</strong> matere in otroke, kot tudi <strong>za</strong><br />
nas animatorke in <strong>st</strong>rokovni delavki. Komaj čakamo na<br />
počitnice drugo leto.<br />
40<br />
Zapisala: Rebeka Balažić Tonkli, dipl.soc. delavka<br />
Jezuitska služba <strong>za</strong> begunce<br />
“ODMOR ZA IZBJEGLIČKE MAJKE I DJECU”<br />
Od 23. – 29. augu<strong>st</strong>a 2009 Jezuitska služba <strong>za</strong> izbjeglice već sedmu<br />
godinu u<strong>za</strong><strong>st</strong>opno organizirala je odmor <strong>za</strong> majke i njihovu<br />
djecu. Pored žena, molioca <strong>za</strong> međunarodnu <strong>za</strong>štitu iz Azilnog<br />
doma, sa nama so otišle na more i žene sa priznatim <strong>st</strong>atusom<br />
izbjeglice i one koje u Sloveniji imaju privremenu dozvolu <strong>za</strong> boravak<br />
te naravno njihova djeca. Sa nama je bila i porodica, koja<br />
je tada bila smještena u Centru <strong>za</strong> <strong>st</strong>rance Po<strong>st</strong>ojna.<br />
Bilo nas je 33: 7 žena, 20 djece i 6 animatorici, među njima dvije<br />
<strong>st</strong>ručne suradnice.<br />
U Portorož smo krenuli u nedjelju 23.8.2009 poslije podne. Dobrovoljke,<br />
žene i djeca putovali si vlakom a nas dvoje <strong>za</strong>jedno sa<br />
dobrovoljkom kolima sa puno prtljaga.<br />
Na dolasku već je bilo kasno i vrijeme <strong>za</strong> večeru. Brzo smo pripremile<br />
slasne tje<strong>st</strong>enine, koje smo poslije napornih priprema<br />
i putovanja rado pojele. Večer je prošla u društvenim igrama i<br />
boljem međusobnom upoznavanju sve dok nismo išle u krevet.<br />
Svakog dana probudile bi se u sunčano jutro jer nam je bilo vrijeme<br />
jako naklonjeno. Poslije doručka otišle bi na plažu gdje su<br />
prolazili divni dani. Pored kupanja i skakanja u vodu, što je bila<br />
divna <strong>za</strong>bava, na kraju je bila posebna provjera »Tko se usuđuje?«.<br />
Onda su bile igre kao na primjer: jedem, jedem, jedem,<br />
trulo jaje, tko se boji crnog muža, ve<strong>za</strong>nje ruke, igra kartama,<br />
memorija, četiri u jedan red,, skakanje gumitvi<strong>st</strong>om in druge<br />
<strong>za</strong>bavne igre. Zanimljive i <strong>za</strong>bavne bile su i kreativne radionice,<br />
neke od njih čak i na plaži: izrada narukvica, plakati u tempera<br />
boji i posebna radionica na kojoj su djeca slikala i crtala po<br />
svojim tijelima i tijelima dobrovoljki. Na početku djeca se nisu<br />
htjela »isprljati« ali su se brzo opu<strong>st</strong>ila i na<strong>st</strong>ale su lijepe slike<br />
a platno su bila djeca i animatorice. Djeca su se bavila i drugim<br />
aktivno<strong>st</strong>ima kao što je slikanje na šalice <strong>za</strong> čaj, izradom razglednica<br />
i plakata. Pored toga su djeca bila podijeljena u tri skupine<br />
od kojih je jedna bila <strong>st</strong>alno <strong>za</strong>dužena <strong>za</strong> pripremu <strong>st</strong>olova i<br />
čišćenje poslije obroka. Žene su svaki dan vidjele kako su djeca<br />
spremna da pomažu ako im se rad pred<strong>st</strong>avi kao i<strong>za</strong>zov i na kraju<br />
prime nagradu, <strong>za</strong>hvalu, sladoled ili priču <strong>za</strong> laku noć. Jedna<br />
od majki je neko večer sa iznenađenjem rekla, da su se njezina<br />
djeca mnogo izmijenila i da su odgovornija <strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong>daće i da teško<br />
vjeruje da se to desilo.<br />
Žene su na plaži ležale i kupale se te mnogo pričale a inače su<br />
bile <strong>za</strong>dužene <strong>za</strong> pripremu hrane. Potrebno je bilo <strong>st</strong>rpljenje ali<br />
su svaku put uspjele pripremiti ukusan obrok <strong>za</strong>jedničkim snagama.<br />
Kušali smo dobre <strong>st</strong>vari iz različitih kultura i zemalja (krafne,<br />
pite ili burek, mongolska narodna hrana i slično).<br />
Ove godine sva veća djeca naučila je plivati. Tako na kraju odmora<br />
uopće nisu više trebala nikakvih oruđa <strong>za</strong> plivanje. Majke su<br />
teško naučile plivati zbog <strong>st</strong>raha od vode a neke iz <strong>st</strong>raha u sebi<br />
zbog proteklih životnih isku<strong>st</strong>va.<br />
Na večer smo djeci čitali priče ili otišli u šetnju gradom. Majke su<br />
planirale ručak <strong>za</strong> slijedeći dan i <strong>za</strong>bavile se na svoj način. Naši<br />
razgovoru uvijek su mogućno<strong>st</strong> da se bolje upoznamo i izmijenimo<br />
dobra i slaba životna isku<strong>st</strong>va. Svaki put program »Odmor«<br />
pokaže se kao dobar »veznik«. Porodice koje već imaju <strong>st</strong>atus<br />
izbjeglice ili dozvolu <strong>za</strong> privremeni boravak žive u Sloveniji ali na<br />
različitim krajevima tako da preko godine gube kontakt. Odmor<br />
je inda prilika da se ponovo sretnu i obnovimo međusobne kontakte.<br />
Za žene i djecu to je svakako prilika da prošire svoju socijalnu<br />
mrežu.<br />
Žene su na kraju i<strong>st</strong>akle ponovo da je ove godine bilo posebno<br />
lijepo i opušteno. Djeca su bila jako živa ali su poštovala pravila<br />
koja smo <strong>za</strong>jednički odredili (umivanje ruku i održavanje higijene,<br />
ni bilo toliko nasilnoga ponašanja, i<strong>st</strong>akli smo nenasilnu<br />
komunikaciju, <strong>za</strong>jednički rad i međusobnu pomoć kod manjih<br />
poslova). Tako je bila atmosfera <strong>st</strong>varno prijatna <strong>za</strong> majke i <strong>za</strong><br />
nas animatorice i <strong>st</strong>ručne radnice. Jedva čekamo slijedeću godinu<br />
i novi raspu<strong>st</strong>.<br />
Zapisala: Rebeka Balažić Tonkli, dipl.soc. radnica<br />
Jezuitska služba <strong>za</strong> izbjeglice<br />
“HOLIDAYS FOR REFUGEE MOTHERS AND<br />
CHILDREN 2009”<br />
From 23 to 29 Augu<strong>st</strong> 2009 the Jesuit Refugee Service, already<br />
for seven consecutive years, organised holidays for mothers<br />
and their children. Besides the applicants for international<br />
protection and their children from Asylum Centre there were<br />
also women recognised refugees and those with the temporary<br />
residence permit plus their children who went to the seaside<br />
with us. A family who then <strong>st</strong>ayed in the Aliens Centre in Po<strong>st</strong>ojna<br />
also joined our company.<br />
We were 33: 7 women, 20 children and 6 animators among<br />
whom there were two professional associates.<br />
We went to Portorož on Sunday, 23. 8. 2009 in the afternoon.<br />
The volunteers and the children travelled by train but we, me<br />
and my volunteers, we had a car with a lot of luggage.
When we arrived it was already late and time for supper. We<br />
quickly prepared delicious pa<strong>st</strong>a we all enjoyed after the tiring<br />
preparations and journey. The evening was meant for games of<br />
society and knowing each other better until we went to bed.<br />
Every day we woke up into a sunny morning because the weather<br />
was very nice. After breakfa<strong>st</strong> we went to the beach where<br />
we spent wonderful days. Besides bathing and jumping in the<br />
water which was fun for everyone there was a final te<strong>st</strong>: »Who<br />
dares?«. We played all kinds of games of society such as I am<br />
eating, eating a rotten egg, Who is afraid of the Black Man?,<br />
tying knots on the hands, cards, memory, four in a row, rubbertwi<strong>st</strong><br />
jumping and other funny games.. Intere<strong>st</strong>ing were also<br />
creative workshops, some of them performed on the beach:<br />
making bracelets of ropes, po<strong>st</strong>ers in colours, a special workshop<br />
for kids who made drawings using colours on their bodies<br />
and those of volunteers . At fir<strong>st</strong> the kids did not want to make<br />
themselves »dirty«, but they soon relaxed and made wonderful<br />
pictures – the canvas were the children and the animators. The<br />
kids were busy also with other activities such as paintings on<br />
tea kettles, po<strong>st</strong>cards, po<strong>st</strong>ers etc.. The children were also divided<br />
in three groups. One was always in ge of setting the table<br />
and cleaning them after meals. Women were learning every day<br />
how their children were ready to help if you present a task in<br />
the right way as a challenge and in the end you reward them<br />
with thanks, ice cream or a good night fairy tale. One of the<br />
mothers therefore one evening mentioned with surprise that<br />
her children truly changed and became more responsible for<br />
their tasks and that she can hardly believed this was the case.<br />
Women were lying a little on the beach, talked a lot to each<br />
other but otherwise their duty was to prepare food. It takes a<br />
lot of mutual patience but every time they managed to prepare<br />
a delicious meal. W had an opportunity to ta<strong>st</strong>e various kinds<br />
of food from many countries and cultures(doughnuts, pies or<br />
“Burek”, Mongolian national dishes and so on).<br />
All bigger children learned to swim also this year. Towards the<br />
end of our holiday hardly anybody needed swimming utensils.<br />
It is hard for their mothers to learn swimming because the majority<br />
is afraid of water and they also have other fears due to<br />
their pa<strong>st</strong> life experience.<br />
In the evening we were reading fairy tales to children and taking<br />
walks in the town. Mothers were making plans for tomorrows’<br />
lunch and had their own fun. Talking to each other we<br />
had the opportunity to know each other better and exchange<br />
good and bad life experiences. The programme »Holidays« always<br />
proves to be an excellent »connector«. The families enjoying<br />
the refugee <strong>st</strong>atus have a temporary residence permit in<br />
Slovenia but they live in different places so that during the year<br />
they loose contact. The holidays are an occasion to meet again<br />
and re-e<strong>st</strong>ablish the contacts. This means definitely an expansion<br />
of social network for both women and children.<br />
On evaluating they kept saying that this year they had an especially<br />
good time. The kids were lively but at the same time<br />
they observed the rules we defined together (washing hands,<br />
maintaining hygiene, no violent behaviour, non-violent communication,<br />
common work and assi<strong>st</strong>ance in less demanding<br />
jobs). The atmosphere was therefore pleasant for everyone. We<br />
hare looking forward to our holidays next year.<br />
Author: Rebeka Balažić Tonkli, Graduate Social Worker<br />
Jesuit Refugee Service<br />
41
Obisk Triciklneta v Azilnem domu<br />
Posjeta Triciklneta u Azilnom domu<br />
The visit of the Triciklnet in Asylum Centre<br />
Dne 27. julija 2009<br />
smo ob 11. uri dobili<br />
v Azilni dom prav<br />
poseben obisk. Pred<br />
vhodom smo skupaj<br />
z otroki v sprem<strong>st</strong>vu<br />
njihovih <strong>st</strong>aršev<br />
čakali presenečenje.<br />
Pripeljala <strong>st</strong>a<br />
se mlada entuzia<strong>st</strong>a<br />
Robert Oven in Rada<br />
Kikelj. Začudeni, a<br />
hkrati nasmejani<br />
otroci so opazovali,<br />
kaj se bo dogajalo v<br />
Azilnem domu. Rada<br />
in Robert <strong>st</strong>a pričela igrati na različne in<strong>st</strong>rumente in<br />
spuščati milne mehurčke. Nato <strong>st</strong>a na tricikl naložila<br />
otroke in jih peljala do dvorišča pred objekt, kjer živijo<br />
družine. Otroci in tudi <strong>st</strong>arejši so preizkusili vse<br />
in<strong>st</strong>rumente, ki <strong>st</strong>a jih imela s seboj: to so bili mini<br />
pihalna klaviatura, dejeridu, piščal, kalimbo, boben,<br />
gong in drugi. Starejši moški in otroci so bili zelo navdušeni<br />
nad glasbo.<br />
KAJ JE TRICIKLNET?<br />
Triciklnet se<strong>st</strong>avljata mlada Robert Oven in Rada Kikelj,<br />
ki se s pomočjo Triciklovega multipraktičnega<br />
programa približata mlado<strong>st</strong>nikom v njihovih naseljih<br />
in na ulicah me<strong>st</strong>a, predvsem ti<strong>st</strong>im, ki med nami niso<br />
opazni in se v glavnem <strong>za</strong>držujejo po naseljih in ne-<br />
27. jula 2009 u 11.00 sati primili smo naročito posebnu<br />
posjetu. Ispred ulaska u Azilni dom, <strong>za</strong>jedno s djecom u<br />
pratnji njihovih roditelja očekivali smo iznenađenje. Došli<br />
su mladi entuzija<strong>st</strong>e Robert Oven i Rada Kikelj. Iznenađena<br />
i ujedno nasmijana lica djece gledali su što se događa u<br />
domu. Rada in Robert su počeli igrati na različite in<strong>st</strong>rumente<br />
i puštali mjehuriće od sapuna. Onda su na tricikl<br />
<strong>st</strong>avili djecu i odvezli je do dvorišta pred zgradom gdje<br />
žive porodice. Djeca i <strong>st</strong>ariji probali su sve in<strong>st</strong>rumente, od<br />
minijaturnih duvačkih, klavijatura, didžeridu, flauta, kalimbo,<br />
bubanj do drugih. Svi su bili jako oduševljeni zbog<br />
glazbe.<br />
42<br />
urejenih dvoriščih,<br />
otroških igriščih,<br />
hodnikih, … Triciklova<br />
posebna la<strong>st</strong>no<strong>st</strong><br />
je, da prevaža<br />
marsikaj, saj ima<br />
pred seboj odprt<br />
prtljažnik. S svojim<br />
pe<strong>st</strong>rim programom,<br />
ki je vedno odprt <strong>za</strong><br />
nove ideje, na nevsiljiv<br />
način ponuja<br />
mladim različne<br />
možno<strong>st</strong>i <strong>za</strong> sodelovanje.<br />
Pripravlja<br />
ga skupina mladih<br />
umetnikov, animatorjev, komedijantov, uličnih performerjev.<br />
Tricikel ponuja: Potujočo igralnico, Pripovedovanje <strong>za</strong>nimivih<br />
zgodb (specifične tematike, prilagojene okolju),<br />
Potujoče delavnice (Triciklaža – o<strong>za</strong>veščanje kam<br />
in kako z odpadki), Potujoča glasba in delavnice (Zven<br />
drugačno<strong>st</strong>i), ponuja mali bolšji sejem (medsebojna<br />
solidarno<strong>st</strong> in pomoč), Animacija roj<strong>st</strong>nodnevnih in<br />
drugih priložno<strong>st</strong>nih <strong>za</strong>bav, Mala potujoča knjižnica,<br />
Čajanke, Branje iz dlani (Hiromantija), Razna kori<strong>st</strong>na<br />
poučevanja idr., hkrati obiskuje tudi fe<strong>st</strong>ivale …<br />
Tricikel ponuja možno<strong>st</strong> vključevanja vseh mladih, ne<br />
glede na sposobno<strong>st</strong>, na znanje in na druge la<strong>st</strong>no<strong>st</strong>i.<br />
Edini pogoj: radovedno<strong>st</strong> in želja po spoznavanju drugačno<strong>st</strong>i.<br />
Irena Štrus<br />
ŠTO JE TRICIKLNET?<br />
Triciklnet je rad mladih entuzija<strong>st</strong>a Roberta Ovna in Rade Kikelj<br />
koji se pomoću Triciklnet sve<strong>st</strong>ranog praktičkog programa<br />
približavaju mladim ljudima u naseljima in na ulicama gradova<br />
naročito onima koji su manje vidljivi i uglavnom se <strong>za</strong>državaju<br />
u naseljima i neuređenim dvorištima, dječjim igralištima,<br />
hodnicima,… Posebna osobina Tricikla je u tome da nose<br />
sve sa sobom u prtljažnom pro<strong>st</strong>oru. Bogatim programom uvijek<br />
otvorenim <strong>za</strong> nove ideje nudi na diskretan način mladima<br />
različite mogućno<strong>st</strong>i <strong>za</strong> suradnju. Priprema ga grupa mladih<br />
umjetnika, animatora, komedijanta i uličnih glumca.
Tricikel nudi: Putujuću igraonicu, pričanje <strong>za</strong>nimljivih priča<br />
(specifične teme prilagođene okolini), putujuće radionice<br />
(Triciklaža – promocija ekološke obrade otpada, putujuća<br />
muzika i radionice (Zvuk različito<strong>st</strong>i), mali buvljak (međusobna<br />
solidarno<strong>st</strong> i pomoć), animacija rođendana i drugih<br />
<strong>za</strong>bava, mala putujuća biblioteka, čajanke, čitanje iz dlanova<br />
(Hiromantija), razne korisne na<strong>st</strong>ave i sudjelovanje na<br />
raznim fe<strong>st</strong>ivalima…<br />
Tricikel nudi mogućno<strong>st</strong> sudjelovanja svih mladih bez obzira<br />
na sposobno<strong>st</strong> in nivo znanja i druge osobine. Jedini oslov<br />
je znatiželja i volja upoznati.<br />
Irena Štrus<br />
On 27July 2009 at 11.00 h we received a truly special visit<br />
in Asylum Centre. AT the entrance in the Asylum Centre we<br />
were waiting for the surprise together with the children and<br />
their parents. Two young enthusia<strong>st</strong>s came, Robert Oven<br />
and Rada Kikelj. The amazed and happy faces of the children<br />
were watching what was going to happen in Asylum Centre.<br />
Rada and Robert began <strong>st</strong>arted playing various musical in<strong>st</strong>ruments,<br />
blowing soap bubbles. Then on a tricycle they<br />
carried children and took them to the courtyard and in from<br />
of the building where families live. The children and also<br />
the elderly tried all the available in<strong>st</strong>ruments: mini wind<br />
in<strong>st</strong>ruments, keyboards, didgeridoo flute, kalimbo, drum.<br />
gong and others. They were all thrilled at the music.<br />
WHAT IS TRICIKLNET?<br />
Triciklnet is performed by two young enthusia<strong>st</strong>s Robert<br />
Oven in Rada Kikelj who through the Tricikel multi-practical<br />
programme approach young people in the places where<br />
they live and in the city <strong>st</strong>reets, children and young people<br />
how are not noticed and gather together mainly in neighbourhoods,<br />
courtyards, playgrounds, corridors… The particular<br />
characteri<strong>st</strong>ic is that they transport a lot of things<br />
on them and in their trunk. Their colourful programme is<br />
always open for new ideas offers discretely lots of possibilities<br />
for cooperation. It was prepared by a group of young<br />
arti<strong>st</strong>s, animators, comedians and <strong>st</strong>reet performers.<br />
Tricikel offers: Mobile playroom, narration of intere<strong>st</strong>ing<br />
<strong>st</strong>ories (specific topics adju<strong>st</strong>ed to environment), mobile<br />
workshops (Triciklage – awareness raising campaign on<br />
what to do with wa<strong>st</strong>e), mobile musical in<strong>st</strong>ruments and<br />
musical workshops (the sound of difference), flea-market<br />
(mutual solidarity and assi<strong>st</strong>ance), animation on birthdays<br />
and other fe<strong>st</strong>ive occasions, small mobile library, tea parties,<br />
palm reading (Hiromantia), various useful trainings<br />
etc. They also participate in foreign fe<strong>st</strong>ivals…<br />
Tricikel offers the possibility for all the young people to participate,<br />
regardless of their abilities and education level. The<br />
only requirements are curiosity and wish to learn about differences.<br />
Dragi prosilci ter prosilke <strong>za</strong><br />
mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito<br />
Lepo pozdravljeni v Azilnem domu, kjer bo<strong>st</strong>e prebivali<br />
v času vašega po<strong>st</strong>opka <strong>za</strong> pridobitev mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito.<br />
V tem času bo<strong>st</strong>e na<strong>st</strong>anjeni tukaj, imeli do<strong>st</strong>op<br />
do treh obrokov na dan ter pravico do osnovne zdrav<strong>st</strong>vene<br />
oskrbe. V zvezi z vprašanji glede po<strong>st</strong>opka so<br />
na voljo uradne osebe v času uradnih ur, vsakodnevno<br />
socialna služba ter pred<strong>st</strong>avniki nevladnih organi<strong>za</strong>cij.<br />
Želimo Vam pred<strong>st</strong>aviti kaj pomeni mednarodno<br />
<strong>za</strong>ščita ter nevladno organi<strong>za</strong>cijo PIC.<br />
KAJ SPLOH POMENI MEDNARODNA ZAŠČITA?<br />
Mogoče je vsem Vam bolj poznana beseda »azil«. Mednarodna<br />
<strong>za</strong>ščita pomeni nudenje <strong>za</strong>ščite ti<strong>st</strong>im posameznikom,<br />
katerim <strong>za</strong>ščito ne morejo nuditi države<br />
njihovega državljan<strong>st</strong>va oziroma <strong>st</strong>alnega prebivališča<br />
bodisi je to <strong>za</strong>radi vere, rase, politične prepričano<strong>st</strong>i,<br />
pripadno<strong>st</strong>i določeni družbeni skupno<strong>st</strong>i. Zaščito<br />
se tudi nudi posameznikom, če države nočejo ali ne<br />
morejo izvajati <strong>za</strong>konov (v času oboroženih spopadov,<br />
notranjih nemirov), <strong>za</strong>radi česar so ogrožene Vaše te-<br />
Irena Štrus<br />
meljne pravice in <strong>st</strong>e <strong>za</strong>to prisiljeni poiskati <strong>za</strong>ščito<br />
izven Vaše matične države.<br />
KAJ JE PRAVNO-INFORMACIJSKI CENTER NEVLAD-<br />
NIH ORGANIZACIJ - NA KRATKO PIC?<br />
PIC je nevladna organi<strong>za</strong>cija, ki deluje v skladu s<br />
splošno veljavnimi načeli mednarodnega prava, mednarodnimi<br />
pogodbami, u<strong>st</strong>avo, <strong>za</strong>koni in drugimi pravnimi<br />
akti, pri čemer je glavni cilj varovanje temeljnih<br />
človekovih pravic in svoboščin, <strong>za</strong>vzemanje <strong>za</strong> pravno<br />
in socialno državo ter demokratično ureditev.<br />
KAKŠNA JE VLOGA PIC-A V POSTOPKU PRIDOBITVE<br />
MEDNARODNE ZAŠČITE?<br />
Pravno-informacijski center nevladnih organi<strong>za</strong>cij - PIC<br />
v letih 2007, 2008 ter 2009 izvaja projekt Pravna pomoč<br />
<strong>za</strong> vse prosilce <strong>za</strong> mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito v okviru sofinanciranja<br />
programov informiranja prosilcev <strong>za</strong> mednarodno<br />
<strong>za</strong>ščito, sofinanciranega iz sred<strong>st</strong>ev Evropskega sklada<br />
<strong>za</strong> begunce in sred<strong>st</strong>ev Mini<strong>st</strong>r<strong>st</strong>va <strong>za</strong> <strong>notranje</strong> <strong>za</strong>deve.<br />
43
V času uradnih ur smo vam na razpolago, v kolikor<br />
imate vprašanja, ki se nanašajo na sledeče tematike<br />
(glede po<strong>st</strong>opka, odvetnikov, odločevalcev, pravnih<br />
sred<strong>st</strong>ev, rokov, združitve po<strong>st</strong>opka, združitve z družinskimi<br />
člani, zdrav<strong>st</strong>venih <strong>za</strong>dev, šol<strong>st</strong>va, vprašanja,<br />
ki se nanašajo na razselitev na privatni naslov, dela<br />
Medresorske komisije…).<br />
V primeru, da <strong>st</strong>e šele prišli v Azilni dom se vas informira<br />
o pravicah in dolžno<strong>st</strong>ih prosilcev <strong>za</strong> mednarodno<br />
<strong>za</strong>ščito in smo na vašo željo prisotni kot <strong>za</strong><strong>st</strong>opniki pri<br />
vlogi. Kadar je prosilec <strong>za</strong> mednarodno <strong>za</strong>ščito mladoletnik<br />
brez sprem<strong>st</strong>va, smo vedno prisotni pri uradnem<br />
po<strong>st</strong>opku. V primeru, da nas izberete <strong>za</strong> svojega <strong>za</strong><strong>st</strong>opnika,<br />
vas po potrebi <strong>za</strong><strong>st</strong>opamo pred sodiščem (Upravnim<br />
ter Vrhovnim sodiščem Republike Slovenije).<br />
KJE SE NAHAJA PIC TER URADNE URE PIC-A?<br />
Naslov PIC nevladnih organi<strong>za</strong>cij je na Povšetovi 37,<br />
v Ljubljani.<br />
Dnevno smo prisotni tudi v pisarni NVO (nevladnih<br />
organi<strong>za</strong>cij) v pritličju Azilnega doma, nasproti v<strong>st</strong>opa<br />
v kuhinjo. Delo poteka od ponedeljka do petka, in<br />
sicer v ponedeljek sredo in petek od 9-15 ure; v torek<br />
in četrtek pa od 9-13 ure.<br />
44<br />
Pripravila:<br />
Tina Šimunovič, PIC v sodelovanju z Aido Hadžihmetovič<br />
DRAGI MOLIOCI ZA MEĐUNARODNU ZA-<br />
ŠTITU!<br />
Srdačno pozdravljeni u Azilnom domu gdje ćete boraviti <strong>za</strong><br />
vrijeme vašeg po<strong>st</strong>upka <strong>za</strong> međunarodnu <strong>za</strong>štitu. Tu ćete biti<br />
na<strong>st</strong>anjeni i primati tri obroka hrane dnevno te imati pravo na<br />
osnovnu zdrav<strong>st</strong>venu skrb. U vezi vaših pitanja o po<strong>st</strong>upcima<br />
<strong>st</strong>oje vam na raspolaganju nadležne osobe radnim satima a<br />
svakodnevno socijalna služba i pred<strong>st</strong>avnici nevladinih organi<strong>za</strong>cija.<br />
Želimo vam objasniti što znači međunarodna <strong>za</strong>štita<br />
i našu organi<strong>za</strong>ciju PIC.<br />
ŠTO UOPĆE ZNAČI MEĐUNARODNA ZAŠTITA?<br />
Možda je svima vama poznatija riječ »azil«. Međunarodna <strong>za</strong>štita<br />
znači <strong>za</strong>štitu onih pojedinca kojih država njihovog državljan<strong>st</strong>va<br />
odnosno <strong>st</strong>alnog boravišta ne može nuditi <strong>za</strong>štitu i to<br />
zbog njihove rase, vjere, političkog nazora ili pripadno<strong>st</strong>i određenoj<br />
socijalnoj grupi. Zaštita se daje i ako države neće ili ne<br />
mogu primijeniti <strong>za</strong>kone (<strong>za</strong> vrijeme oružanih sukoba ili internih<br />
nemira) pa su te osobe zbog toga ugrožene i vaša temeljna<br />
prava prisiljeni <strong>st</strong>e onda tražiti van vaše matične države.<br />
ŠTO JE PRAVNO-INFORMACIJSKI CENTAR NEVLADNIH OR-<br />
GANIZACIJA - SKRAĆENO PIC?<br />
PIC je nevladina organi<strong>za</strong>cija koja djeluje skladno sa važećim<br />
principima međunarodnog prava, ugovora, u<strong>st</strong>ava, <strong>za</strong>kona i<br />
drugim pravnim aktima a glavni cilj je <strong>za</strong>štita osnovnih čovječanskih<br />
prava i sloboda te <strong>za</strong>uzimanje <strong>za</strong> pravnu i socijalnu<br />
državu te demokratski poredak.<br />
KAKVA JE ULOGA PIC-A U POSTUPKU ZA PRIZNANJE MEĐU-<br />
NARODNE ZAŠTITE?<br />
Tokom godinama 2007, 2008 i 2009 PIC izvodi projekt Pravna<br />
pomoć <strong>za</strong> molioce međunarodne <strong>za</strong>štite u okviru sufinanciranja<br />
programa iz sred<strong>st</strong>ava Europskog Fonda <strong>za</strong> Izbjeglice<br />
i budžeta Mini<strong>st</strong>ar<strong>st</strong>va RS <strong>za</strong> unutrašnje poslove.<br />
Radnim danima <strong>st</strong>ojimo vam na raspolaganju ukoliko imate<br />
pitanja u vezi: po<strong>st</strong>upak, advokati, nadležne osobe koje donose<br />
odluke, pravna sred<strong>st</strong>ava, rokovi, udruženje po<strong>st</strong>upka,<br />
udruženje porodičnih članova, zdrav<strong>st</strong>vo, školovanje, preseljenje<br />
u privatni smještaj, rad, Međuresorska komisije…<br />
Ako <strong>st</strong>e baš sada <strong>st</strong>igli u Azilni dom mi ćemo vas informirati<br />
o pravima i dužno<strong>st</strong>ima molioca i na vašu želju prisutni smo<br />
kao <strong>za</strong><strong>st</strong>upnici na predaji molbe. Ako <strong>st</strong>e maloljetna osoba<br />
bez pratnje uvijek smo prisutni u formalnim po<strong>st</strong>upcima. Ako<br />
nas i<strong>za</strong>berete kao vašeg <strong>za</strong><strong>st</strong>upnika <strong>za</strong><strong>st</strong>upati ćemo vas i pred<br />
sudom (Upravni i Vrhovni sud RS).<br />
GDJE SE NALAZI PIC I KOJI SU NJEGOVI RADNI DANI?<br />
Naslov: PIC nevladnih organi<strong>za</strong>cij, Povšetova 37, u Ljubljani.<br />
Svaki dan smo prisutni u kancelariji NVO (nevladinih organi<strong>za</strong>cija)<br />
u prizemlju Azilnog doma preko puta ula<strong>za</strong> u trpe<strong>za</strong>riju.<br />
Radimo od ponedjeljka do petka naime, ponedjeljkom,<br />
srijedom i petkom od 9 – 15 sati a utorkom i četvrtkom od 9<br />
– 13 sati.<br />
Pripremila: Tina Šimunovič, PIC<br />
u suradnji sa Aidom Hadžihmetovič<br />
DEAR APPLICANTS FOR INTERNATIONAL<br />
PROTECTION, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,<br />
Greetings to all of you in Asylum Centre where you will be<br />
<strong>st</strong>aying during your international protection procedure.<br />
You will be accommodated here and have access to three<br />
meals a day and the right to basic health care. If you have<br />
que<strong>st</strong>ions about the procedure there are officials available<br />
during working hours whereas social workers and representatives<br />
of non-governmental organisations are there for<br />
you every day. We would like to present what international<br />
protection means and our organisation PIC, an NGO dealing<br />
with legal aid (LIC – Legal Information Centre).<br />
WHAT IS INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION IN THE FIRST<br />
PLACE?<br />
You are all probably more familiar with the word »asylum«.<br />
International protection means the protection granted to<br />
those individuals whose countries of origin, nationality or<br />
residence are unable to offer them their protection due to<br />
race, religion, political opinion, membership in a particular<br />
social group. The international protection is also granted to
individuals if their countries are unable or unwilling to implement<br />
the laws (in armed conflicts, internal conflicts…)<br />
and are therefore at risk. You are then forced to seek protection<br />
outside your home country.<br />
WHAT IS PIC - PRAVNO-INFORMACIJSKI CENTER NEVLAD-<br />
NIH ORGANIZACIJ - LEGAL INFORMATION CENTRE OF NON-<br />
GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS?<br />
PIC is an NGO operating in line with applicable principles<br />
of international law, contracts, agreements, treaties, con<strong>st</strong>itution,<br />
legislation and other legal in<strong>st</strong>ruments. Its main<br />
objective is to protect fundamental human rights and freedoms,<br />
commitment to the rule of law and social <strong>st</strong>ate and<br />
democratic order.<br />
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF PIC IN THE INTERNATIONAL PROTEC-<br />
TION PROCEDURE?<br />
Pravno-informacijski center nevladnih organi<strong>za</strong>cij – PIC, in<br />
2007, 2008 and 2009 implements the project titled Legal<br />
Aid for All Applicants for International Protection within<br />
co-funding the programmes of informing these applicants<br />
by the European Refugee Fund resources and the Mini<strong>st</strong>ry<br />
of the Interior.<br />
During working hours we are available if you have que<strong>st</strong>ions<br />
regarding the following topics: procedures, legal counsels,<br />
Zgodovina Ljubljane<br />
Hi<strong>st</strong>orija Ljubljane<br />
Hi<strong>st</strong>ory of Ljubljana<br />
Me<strong>st</strong>o Ljubljana nosi v svojih nedrjih in na obronkih bogato<br />
in pisano zgodovino, ki se razte<strong>za</strong> skozi več tisočletij.<br />
Mitska preteklo<strong>st</strong> govori o tem, kako je grški junak<br />
Jazon, ki je ukradel zlato runo, z argonavti preko Donave<br />
in Save prišel vse do Ljubljanice. Pot ga je vodila preko<br />
ljubljanskega barja, kjer naj bi živel zmaj, ki ga je Jazon<br />
premagal, mitski dogodek pa se je ohranil v emblemu<br />
zmaja v ljubljanskem me<strong>st</strong>nem grbu. Po arheoloških ugotovitvah<br />
lahko prve <strong>za</strong>metke kulturnega poriva najdemo<br />
prav na območju barja, segajoče v 3. tisočletje pr. n. š.,<br />
v čas, znotraj katerega je datirana tudi ‘kronska’ najdba<br />
barjanskega okolja – do sedaj naj<strong>st</strong>arejše odkrito kolo,<br />
tako v evropskem kot tudi svetovnem merilu. Morebiti<br />
je prav to ‘poganjek’ mitskega zlatega runa, ki naj bi ga<br />
Jazon prinesel s seboj. Kakorkoli že, roj<strong>st</strong>vo širše kulture<br />
lahko najprej opazujemo na območju barja, in sicer s pojavom<br />
kulture mo<strong>st</strong>iščarjev in koliščarjev nekako dve tiso-<br />
decision makers, legal remedies, deadlines, family reunification,<br />
health care, education, relocation in private accommodation,<br />
Inter-departmental Commission etc.<br />
If you have ju<strong>st</strong> arrived in Asylum Centre we will inform you<br />
on your rights and obligations and can be present as your<br />
representatives on filing your application for international<br />
protection if you so wish. If the applicant is an unaccompanied<br />
minor we are also present at all formal procedures.<br />
If you choose us as your representative we shall also represent<br />
you before the Slovene courts. (Admini<strong>st</strong>rative and<br />
Supreme)<br />
WHERE IS PIC OFFICE AND WHEN ARE ITS WORKING<br />
HOURS?<br />
Address: PIC nevladnih organi<strong>za</strong>cij, <strong>st</strong>reet: Povšetova 37, in<br />
Ljubljana.<br />
Every day we are also in the NGO Office on the ground floor<br />
of Asylum Centre opposite the dining room. We work from<br />
Monday to Friday – on Monday, Wednesday and Friday from<br />
9.00 to 15.00 h but on Tuesday and Thursday from 9.00 to<br />
13.00 h<br />
Author: Tina Šimunovič, PIC<br />
in cooperation with Aida Hadžihmetović<br />
čletji pr. n. š., katerih naselbine so bile zgrajene na poplavljenem<br />
jezerskem območju, razte<strong>za</strong>joče se na jugovzhodnem<br />
predelu in segajoče vse do današnje Vrhnike. V<br />
času okoli prvega tisočletja pr. n. š. na območju regije<br />
opazujemo pojav kulture žarnih grobišč, katerih etnične<br />
pripadno<strong>st</strong>i ne poznamo. Ni izključeno, da so reko Ljubljanico<br />
uporabljali kot neke vr<strong>st</strong>e pot v ono<strong>st</strong>ran<strong>st</strong>vo. Kasneje,<br />
a preden lahko govorimo o rimski provinci Emoni, se<br />
na tem območju zvr<strong>st</strong>ijo kulture Ilirov, Venetov in Keltov,<br />
Ljubljana pa je pred prihodom Rimljanov del kralje<strong>st</strong>va,<br />
imenovanega Norik. V čas okoli prvega <strong>st</strong>oletja pr. n. š.<br />
lahko po<strong>st</strong>avimo <strong>za</strong>četke oblikovanja province Emone,<br />
najprej sicer kot vojaškega tabora Rimljanov, okoli prvega<br />
<strong>st</strong>oletja našega štetja pa se že oblikuje v <strong>st</strong>rateško in<br />
trgovsko po<strong>st</strong>ojanko rimskega cesar<strong>st</strong>va z razvito upravo,<br />
si<strong>st</strong>emom centralnega ogrevanja, 5.000 do 6.000 prebivalci,<br />
in seveda, svojim božan<strong>st</strong>vom, boginjo Equrno.<br />
45
Provinca je padla in bila porušena ob vdoru Hunov v četrtem<br />
<strong>st</strong>oletju, območje Ljubljane pa so v še<strong>st</strong>em <strong>st</strong>oletju<br />
pričela naseljevati slovanska plemena in ljud<strong>st</strong>va. Prve<br />
pisne omembe Ljubljane, imenovane tedaj slovansko Luwigana<br />
in nemško Laibach, najdemo v <strong>za</strong>pisih iz 11. <strong>st</strong>oletja.<br />
Ime Luwigana verjetno izhaja iz latinskega aluviana<br />
kot izra<strong>za</strong> <strong>za</strong> poplavljanje. Nov kulturni impulz v njenem<br />
na<strong>st</strong>ajanju lahko vidimo okoli 13. <strong>st</strong>oletja našega štetja,<br />
ko se me<strong>st</strong>o deli v tri jedra: Stari, Me<strong>st</strong>ni in Novi trg, vsa<br />
oblikovana okoli me<strong>st</strong>nega gradu. Vsako jedro ima svoje<br />
obzidje, v me<strong>st</strong>o pa vodi pet vrat. Tedanji Laibach po<strong>st</strong>ane<br />
središče dežele Kranjske, ki je v pose<strong>st</strong>i Habsburžanov,<br />
ima svojo kovnico denarja, meščani in obrtniki pa so razdeljeni<br />
v cehe. V 15. <strong>st</strong>oletju je v me<strong>st</strong>u u<strong>st</strong>anovljena škofija<br />
in cerkev svetega Nikolaja se preoblikuje v <strong>st</strong>olnico.<br />
Leta 1515 me<strong>st</strong>o pri<strong>za</strong>dene potres, obnovijo ga v renesančnem<br />
slogu in na novo obzidajo. Hkrati je to čas pora<strong>st</strong>a<br />
in oblikovanja slovenske kulture in prote<strong>st</strong>antizma ter<br />
obdobje, v katerem Primož Trubar leta 1550 izda prvi slovenski<br />
knjigi, Katekizem in Abecednik, Jurij Dalmatin pa<br />
prevede Biblijo. Konec 16. <strong>st</strong>oletja je u<strong>st</strong>anovljena gimnazija,<br />
iz katere se nato razvije Academia Operosorum,<br />
po vzoru italijanskih učenjakov. Ljubljana se ponovno<br />
preoblikuje pod vplivom baroka in pritokom italijanskih<br />
umetnikov, kot je na primer Francesco di Robba. Habsburška<br />
vladavina je prekinjena v letih 1809 do 1811, ko<br />
Ljubljano <strong>za</strong>sedejo Francozi in po<strong>st</strong>ane ena izmed Ilirskih<br />
provinc, slovenščina pa po<strong>st</strong>ane eden izmed uradnih jezikov.<br />
Francoska okupacija ne traja prav dolgo in kmalu<br />
je Ljubljana pod vladavino Av<strong>st</strong>roogrskega cesar<strong>st</strong>va, a<br />
46<br />
z vse večjo ra<strong>st</strong>jo slovenske kulture, u<strong>st</strong>anovljena je Slovenska<br />
matica, Janez Bleiweis pa <strong>za</strong>čne izdajati Kmetijske<br />
in rokodelske novice, prvi časopis v slovenskem jeziku. V<br />
drugi polovici 19. <strong>st</strong>oletja dobi Ljubljana železniško pove<strong>za</strong>vo<br />
najprej z Dunajem, nato še s Tr<strong>st</strong>om, ob koncu <strong>st</strong>oletja<br />
pa <strong>za</strong>zvoni prvi telefon in <strong>za</strong>sveti prva žarnica. Prav<br />
na koncu pred<strong>za</strong>dnjega <strong>st</strong>oletja Ljubljano ponovo <strong>st</strong>rese<br />
potres, in ključno spremeni njeno podobo, izvzemši <strong>st</strong>aro<br />
me<strong>st</strong>no jedro, kjer lahko opazujemo arhitekturo Luwigane<br />
pred potresom. Preo<strong>st</strong>ala leta me<strong>st</strong>a pa so <strong>za</strong>pisana v<br />
analih polpretekle zgodovine in naše mlade državno<strong>st</strong>i.<br />
Boštjan Kovačič<br />
Grad Ljubljana nosi u sebi i svoji okolini bogatu i šarenu hi<strong>st</strong>oriju<br />
preko više tisuća godina. Mitska prošlo<strong>st</strong> govori o tome kako je<br />
grčki heroj Jazon ukrao zlatno runo i <strong>za</strong>jedno s Argonautima plovio<br />
preko Dunava i Save, sve do Ljubljanice. Put ga je vodio preko<br />
ljubljanske močvare gdje je živio zmaj, kojeg je Jazon nadvladao<br />
i taj mitski događaj o<strong>st</strong>ao je kao slika zmaja u ljubljanskom gradskom<br />
grbu. Arheolozi su našli prve početke kulturnog života baš<br />
na području močvare iz 3. <strong>st</strong>oljeća prije naše ere od kada datira i<br />
„krunski“ pronala<strong>za</strong>k iz močvare - do sada naj<strong>st</strong>ariji točak nađen u<br />
Europi i svijetu. Možda je baš ti ta ‘mladica’ mitskog zlatnog runa<br />
koju je Jazon nosio sa sobom. Rođenje naše kulture na svaki način<br />
vidi se na području naše močvare u kulturi <strong>st</strong>anovnika na jezeru<br />
oko dvije tisuće godine prije naše ere kojih naselja su građena na<br />
poplavljenom jezerskom području na pilotima od Ljubljane pa do<br />
današnje Vrhinke. Oko prvog <strong>st</strong>oljeća prije naše ere na ovom području<br />
nađeni so grobovi sa žarama čije etnički izvor nije poznat.<br />
Nije isključeno da su rijeku Ljubljanicu upotrebljavali kao neke vr
<strong>st</strong>e puta prema <strong>za</strong>grobnom životu. Kasnije pre nego što možemo<br />
govoriti o rimskoj Emoni na ovom području bilo je i drugih kultura:<br />
Iliri, Venete i Kelti a Ljubljana je bila prije dolaska Rimljana dio<br />
provincije zvane Noricum. Za vrijeme prvog <strong>st</strong>oljeća prije naše ere<br />
na<strong>st</strong>ala je Emona prvo kao vojnički logor (ca<strong>st</strong>rum) a kasnije <strong>st</strong>rateški<br />
i ekonomski centar rimskog imperija sa razvijenom upravom i<br />
centralnim grijanjem sa oko 5 do 6 tisuća <strong>st</strong>anovnika i dakako božicom<br />
Equrnom. Provincija je pala i bila uništena sa <strong>st</strong>rane Huna<br />
u četvrtom <strong>st</strong>oljeću a u še<strong>st</strong>om počela su dolaziti slavenski narodi.<br />
Prve pisne napomene Ljubljane sa tadašnjim slavenskim imenom<br />
Luwigana i njemačkim Laibach nađemo u dokumentima iz 11. <strong>st</strong>oljeća.<br />
Ime Luwigana vjerojatno izlazi iz latinskog „alluvium ili alluviana“<br />
što znači izraz <strong>za</strong> poplave. Novi kulturni impuls pojavi se<br />
u 13. <strong>st</strong>oljeću kad se grad podijeli na trojicu jezgra: <strong>st</strong>ari, gradski<br />
i novi trg, sva ispod gradske tvrđave. Svako jezgro ima svoje zidine<br />
a u grad vode petorica vrata. Tadašnja Laibach je centra Kranjske<br />
i dio Habsburškog imperija, ima svoju kovnicu novaca, građane i<br />
obrtnike udružene u cehove. U 15. <strong>st</strong>oljeću grad osniva biskupiju<br />
a crkva svetog Nikole pretvara se u katedralu. Godine 1515 grad<br />
<strong>st</strong>rada od potresa i obnovljen je u <strong>st</strong>ilu Renesanse i grade se nove<br />
zidine. To je ujedno i vrijeme pora<strong>st</strong>a slovenske kulture i prote<strong>st</strong>antizma<br />
u kojem Primož Trubar 1550 godine izdaje prve slovenske<br />
štampane knjige, Kateki<strong>za</strong>m i takozvani Abecedarij a Jurij Dalmatin<br />
prijevod Biblije. Krajem 16. <strong>st</strong>oljeća osniva se gimnazija iz<br />
koje je na<strong>st</strong>ala akademija „Academia Operosorum“ prema uzoru<br />
talijanskih učenjaka. Ljubljana se ponovno pretvara pod utjecajem<br />
baroka i dolaskom talijanskih umjetnika kao što na primjer<br />
Francesco di Robba. Habsburška kraljevina ukida se od 1809 do<br />
1811 godine kada Ljubljanu okupiraju francuske snage i po<strong>st</strong>aje<br />
glavni grad Ilirskih provincija. U to vrijeme slovenski jezik po<strong>st</strong>aje<br />
jedan od državnih jezika. Francuska okupacija nije trajala dugo i<br />
Ljubljana brzo opet pada pod Au<strong>st</strong>rougarsko car<strong>st</strong>vo uz <strong>st</strong>alnu pora<strong>st</strong><br />
slovenske kulture. Osniva se Slovenska matica (literarno društvo)<br />
i izdaju se <strong>st</strong>alne novine – Bleiwesove Novine na slovenskom<br />
jeziku. U drugoj polovini 19. <strong>st</strong>oljeća Ljubljana dobije željezničku<br />
prugu do Beča a kasnije do tr<strong>st</strong>a a krajem <strong>st</strong>oljeća <strong>za</strong>zvoni prvi telefon<br />
te <strong>za</strong>sija prva žarulja. Baš na kraju tog vijeka Ljubljanu opet<br />
uništava zemljotres što će bitno izmijeniti njenu sliku osim <strong>st</strong>arog<br />
jezgra gdje još uvijek možemo diviti se <strong>st</strong>aroj arhitekturi Luwigane<br />
prije zemljotresa. Preo<strong>st</strong>ale godine grada <strong>za</strong>pisane su u analima<br />
polu protekle prošlo<strong>st</strong>i i mlade državno<strong>st</strong>i naše zemlje.<br />
Boštjan Kovačič<br />
The town of Ljubljana and its surroundings have a colourful hi<strong>st</strong>ory<br />
throughout millennia. The mythical pa<strong>st</strong> speaks about the<br />
Greek hero Jason who <strong>st</strong>ole the golden fleece and travelled with<br />
his Argonauts over the Danube and the Sava all the way to the<br />
Ljubljanica river. He crossed the Ljubljana wetlands where allegedly<br />
a dragon lived and Jason defeated the bea<strong>st</strong>. This event<br />
survived on the city coat of arms containing the dragon and the<br />
tower. The archaeology findings show the fir<strong>st</strong> beginnings of<br />
culture in the surroundings of the wetlands dating back to the<br />
3 rd millennium BC where the “crown” artefact was found – so far<br />
the olde<strong>st</strong> discovered wheel in Europe and the world. This is<br />
perhaps the “sprout” of the mythical golden fleece that Jason<br />
brought with him. We can observe the birth of culture fir<strong>st</strong> in the<br />
area of the Ljubljana wetlands with its fir<strong>st</strong> inhabitants – lake<br />
dwellers some two millennia BC whose dwellings were built on<br />
the lake that flooded the entire area from Ljubljana to Vrhnika.<br />
In the fir<strong>st</strong> millennium BC we can see the new phenomenon, the<br />
culture of funeral urns whose ethnical affiliation is unknown. It<br />
cannot be ruled out that the Ljubljanica river was used as some<br />
kind of path towards the afterlife. Later before we can speak<br />
about the Roman settlement Emona there were other cultures:<br />
Illyrians, Venets and Celts. Before the arrival of Romans Ljubljana<br />
was a part of the province called Noricum. Some time<br />
round the fir<strong>st</strong> century AD we see the beginnings of Emona, fir<strong>st</strong><br />
as a military camp (ca<strong>st</strong>rum) of the Roman legions but later it<br />
was formed as a <strong>st</strong>rategic and commercial <strong>st</strong>ronghold of the Roman<br />
empire with e<strong>st</strong>ablished public admini<strong>st</strong>ration and central<br />
heating sy<strong>st</strong>em with 5 to 6 thousand inhabitants. The town<br />
had of course its goddess Equrna. The entire province fell and<br />
was de<strong>st</strong>royed following the attacks of the Huns in the fourth<br />
century AD. In the sixth century AD the Ljubljana area became<br />
populated by the Slavic tribes and peoples. The fir<strong>st</strong> written<br />
mention of Ljubljana then named Luwigana (Slavonic) and later<br />
in German as Laibach can be found in the documents of the 11 th<br />
century. The name of Luwigana probably arises from the Latin<br />
“alluvium” as an expression of flooding. A new cultural initiative<br />
can be found in the 13 th century when the city was divided<br />
in three nuclei: the old, the town and the new squares all <strong>st</strong>anding<br />
at the feet of the town ca<strong>st</strong>le. Every nucleus has its own fortification<br />
(walls) and there were five gates leading to the city.<br />
The Laibach of that time became the centre of the Carniola land<br />
under the Habsburg rule with its own mint-ma<strong>st</strong>er, townsmen<br />
and artisans who worked in gilts. In the 15 th century the diocese<br />
was e<strong>st</strong>ablished in Ljubljana and Saint Nicholas’ church was<br />
remodelled into a cathedral. In 1515 the city suffered from a<br />
terrible earthquake and was renewed in a Renaissance fashion<br />
with a new city wall. This is also the time of the growth of the<br />
Slovene culture under Prote<strong>st</strong>antism and the time when Primož<br />
Trubar published the fir<strong>st</strong> Slovene printed books in 1550: the<br />
Catechism and the Alphabet. Jurij Dalmatin translated the<br />
Bible. At the end of the 16 th century the grammar school was<br />
e<strong>st</strong>ablished from which later the academy Academia Operosorum<br />
was created following the model of Italian scholars. Ljubljana<br />
is remodelled again under the influence of the baroque<br />
<strong>st</strong>yle with the arrival of Italian arti<strong>st</strong>s for example the sculptor<br />
Francesco Robba. The Habsburg monarchy ended between<br />
1809 and 1811 when Ljubljana was occupied by the French and<br />
became the capital of Illyrian Provinces. AT that time the Slovene<br />
language became one of its official national languages.<br />
The French occupation did not la<strong>st</strong> long and soon Ljubljana was<br />
again under the Au<strong>st</strong>ro-Hungarian empire but the ever growing<br />
Slovene culture gave birth to Slovenska matica (Slovene Literary<br />
Society) and the fir<strong>st</strong> regular newspaper was published, the<br />
Bleiweisove novice (Bleiweis’ News) in Slovene language. In<br />
the second half of the 19 th century Ljubljana became connected<br />
with Vienna by the railway and later also with Trie<strong>st</strong>e. At the<br />
end of this century the fir<strong>st</strong> telephone rang and the firs electric<br />
bulb shone. At the very end of the 19 th century Ljubljana was<br />
shattered again by an earthquake that essentially changed its<br />
image except the old quarter where we can <strong>st</strong>ill admire the old<br />
Luwigana architecture before this disa<strong>st</strong>er. The other years of<br />
the hi<strong>st</strong>ory are described in the annals of the recent pa<strong>st</strong> and<br />
our young <strong>st</strong>ate independence.<br />
Boštjan Kovačič<br />
47
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