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V O V E D _________________________________________________________________________ Vo istiot vek arapskiot nasu~nik Omar, sporeduvaj}i gi morskite karti na indiskite i persiskite astronomi (napraveni pred 2 000 godini) so kartite napraveni vo negovo vreme, zaklu~uva deka vo izminatiot period nastanale zna~ajni izmeni vo oblikuvaweto na aziskite morski bregovi. Toj isto taka konstatiral deka vo porane{nite periodi moreto zafa}alo mnogu pogolemi prostranstva. Sovremenite istraùvawa na prirodata se povrzani so pojavata na epohata na preporodot (krajot na XV i po~etokot na XVI vek), i golemite geografski otkritija, {ireweto na pazarite i podgotovkata za svetskata trgovija (otkrivaweto na Amerika vo 1492 godina, patuvaweto na Vasko de Gama vo Indija (vo 1497 godina) i patuvaweto na Magelan (1519-1522 godina). Vo ovoj period zapo~nuva prou~uvaweto na vselenata so instrument, koj bil izmislen od polskiot nau~nik Nikola Kopernik (1473-1543). Sl. 1 Dijalog za dvata najglavni sistema na svetot. Naslovna strana od izdanieto na latinski jazik, 1641 godina. Vo svoeto delo "Kruèwe na nebesnite tela", Kopernik napravil ogromen progres vo povrzuvaweto na planetite i Sonceto vo eden sistem vo koj centralno mesto ima Sonceto okolu koe se vrtat planetite. Vo toj heliocentri~en sistem Zemjata zazema mesto me|u planetite koi pokraj vrteweto okolu svojata oska, edna{ godi{no se vrti i okolu Sonceto. Ovaa ideja za vrteweto na planetite i Zemjata okolu Sonceto bila potvrdena so teleskop vo 1609 godina od 7
V O V E D _________________________________________________________________________ italijanskiot nau~nik Galileo Galilej (1564-1642) so {to od temel bil razni{an geocentri~niot sistem na Aristotel i Ptolomej. So prou~uvawe na heliocentri~niot sistem na planetite Galilej utvrdil (pokraj dvièweto na planetite okolu Sonceto) i pojava na sateliti kako i prisustvo na gravitacija i kaj drugi nebeski tela. Toj dava opis na reljefot na Mese~inata, prisustvoto na pegi na Sonceto, a isto taka i brojno prisustvo na yvezdi vo mle~niot pat vo galaksijata. Vo vremeto na Kopernik i Galilej, zna~ajni pridonesi kon razvitokot na prirodnite nauki i vo geologijata dava Leonardo da Vin~i, italijanski nau~nik, spored koj ostatocite od morskite ìvotni, koi se najdeni daleku od dene{niot morski breg, svedo~at za ve~noto presmetuvawe na su{ata i moreto i menuvaweto na likot na Zemjata. Toj kategori~no ja otfrlil bibliskata legenda za postoeweto na "svetski potop" i bibliskite pretstavi za vremenskiot period na postoeweto na svetot. Za razvitokot na astronomijata i prirodnite nauki, a spored toa i za geologijata, zna~ajno mesto imaat germanskiot nau~nik Johan Kepler (XVI-XVII vek) i angliskiot nau~nik Isak Wutn (XVII-XVII vek). Prviot go dokaàl elipti~noto dvièwe na planetite okolu Sonceto, drugiot zakonite na gravitacija so koi se objasnuva zadrùvaweto na planetite okolu Sonceto. Sl. 2 Prvite osnovi na metalurgijata i rudarstvoto. (Titulen list) 8
Page 1 and 2: UNIVERZITET "Sv. KIRIL I METODIJ" S
Page 3 and 4: D-r Krsto Blaèv, d-r Milan Arsovsk
Page 5 and 6: NAUKA Naukata pretstavuva beskraen
Page 7 and 8: 2.2. GLAVNI TIPOVI NA VULKANI . . .
Page 9 and 10: GLAVA XIV 1. GEOLO[KA DEJNOST NA OK
Page 11 and 12: GLAVA XXII 1. SOVREMENI GEOTEKTONSK
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