Bradbrook - 2012 - Rice Farming complete with methods to increase ric

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up of organic matter such as animal manure, plant waste, sewage sludge, oil cakes, and green manure (legume clippings are a great source of nitrogen). Rice straw is an example of plant waste that can easily be added to the soil. After harvesting, rice straw can be left on the field to compost for the next growing cycle. Although compost contain little of the major nutrients (N, P, K), it has essential micronutrients and other growth factors that are not found in inorganic fertilizers. Compost also harbors beneficial microorganisms and improves soil fertility. When left on the field to degrade, the high temperatures (>55°C) generated during the eomposting process inhibits pathogens and reduces weed seed viability. b. Fertilization The best way to assess if inorganic fertilizers should be added to the soil is to conduct a soil nutrient analysis prior to planting, espeeially if this will be the first time the field will be used for growing rice. Detection of the levels of nutrient defieiencies or toxicities can be managed accordingly thereby ensuring proper growth of rice plants. Some nutrients can remain in the soil for several growing cycles after being added, so there is always a chance of accumulation that may lead to toxicity. The soil may also naturally contain high amounts of a specific nutrient. Other nutrients may either be completely utilized by the rice plants or washed out, so frequent addition is necessary. 31
г с. Macronutrients and their roles in rice plants Nutrient Function Deficiency symptoms Toxicity symptoms Nitrogen At vegetative stage: Essential for leaf development, plant height, and tiller formation. At reproductive stage: Essential for panicle formation and spikelet number. Reduced growth and yellowing of leaves starting from older leaves to younger ones; reduction in number of filled grains. Dark green foliage; increased lodging due to increased number of tillers; higher incidence of insect invasion and increased disease occurrence because of robust growth. At ripening stage: Essential for grain filling. Phosphorus At vegetative stage: Promotes root formation and tillering and increases stem strength. At reproductive stage: Promotes early flowering. At ripening stage: Stunted seedlings; reduction or absence of leaves and tillers; small and erect dark green older leaves; small stem diameter. Lethargic or weak growth; decreased uptake of N and K; decreased flowering; high number of empty grains, or absence of grain formation. Causes deficiencies in micronutrients such as iron and zinc. Promotes early ripening. 32
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Bradbrook - 2012 - Rice Farming complete with methods to increase ric

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