Bias Circuit

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Procedure • The SubVI of Gain.vi, FG1Chan.vi, sends out a signal with sine-wave peak Vs (Chan1_out). The first measurement is with only capacitor Cg installed. Be sure to conform to the capacitor polarity requirement. Set the Signal Frequency to 1000 Hz. Set your value of RS and check VDD = 10 V. Run Gain.vi to measure the gain. The gain should be less than 1 without the source bypass capacitor. A signal of Vs 0.5 V should thus suffice for good linearity and measurement precision. • Now install the capacitor Cs. Note that the source is at a positive voltage. Run the VI while setting Vs at various values. Adjust Vs until the THD% (total harmonic distortion, %) is reduced to below about 5%. • Continue to lower Vs and run Gain.vi. Verify that the measured gain, av, is invariant for smaller values of Vs except as eventually limited by DAQ resolution and noise. Find the largest Vs (up to 5% THD), which is consistent with a constant gain measurement with increasing Vs. • Run the VI again with a lower frequency (e.g., 800 Hz) to verify that the gain is not frequency dependent in this frequency range. Now default and save the Front Panel.
P6.5 Amplifier Frequency Response Procedure • The frequency of the input source voltage is swept from 1 to 1000 Hz to 1000 Hz. Set Vs in FreqResp.vi as determined above for a valid voltage gain measurement. Open FG1Chan.vi to observe the waveform at the output. • Set your value of RS. Run FreqResp.vi without Cs. Recall that the gain will be less than 1. The frequency response is dictated by Cg only. Verify that f3dB is about equal to or less than 1 Hz. Note that f3dB
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Copyright Library of Congress Catal
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National Improvements | Virtual Ins
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formulations, the results from Math
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Hardware and Software Requirements
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Chan0_out Pin 21 Chan0_in Pin 68 Gn
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LabVIEW VI Libraries and Project an
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1.1 Resistor Voltage Divider and MO
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1.3 Frequency Response of the Ampli
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At f = flo, . This, by definition,
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1.5 Exercises and Projects Project
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2.1 BJT and MOSFET Schematic Symbol
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2.2 Fundamentals of Signal Amplific
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2.3 Basic NMOS Common-Source Amplif
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Using (2.4), (2.5), (2.9), and (2.1
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Unit 3. Characterization of MOS Tra
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In electronic circuit applications,
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The output-characteristic equation
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Equation 3.11 From the data measure
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The input circuit loop equation (Fi
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which leads to the result (3.5), re
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Unit 4. Signal Conductance Paramete
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4.2 Transistor Variable Incremental
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4.3 Transconductance Parameter The
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4.4 Body-Effect Transconductance Pa
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4.5 Output Conductance Parameter Th
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With a 1 - V drop across RS and a 5
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By the nature of the load-line func
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Unit 5. Common-Source Amplifier Sta
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5.2 Amplifier Voltage Gain This dc
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etween the drain and source of the
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5.3 Linearity of the Gain of the Co
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where av Vds/Vgs and where the appr
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is attached directly to the gate. B
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5.5 Design of a Basic Common-Source
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= VGSo - Vtno at the high and low e
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RG can be selected somewhat arbitra
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6.1 Grounded-Source Amplifier: Coup
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and Equation 6.6 Note that the "RC"
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6.4 Load Coupling Capacitor The com
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6.5 Summary of Equations MOSFET cou
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Unit 7. MOSFET Source-Follower Buff
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7.2 Source-Follower Voltage Transfe
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7.3 Body Effect and Source-Follower
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7.4 Summary of Equations Threshold
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Unit 8. MOSFET Differential Amplifi
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8.2 DC Imbalances In a real transis
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8.3 Signal Voltage Gain of the Idea
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8.4 Effect of the Bias Resistor on
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8.5 Differential Voltage Gain Suppo
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8.7 Voltage Gains Including Transis
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8.7.2 Common-Gate Amplifier Stage T
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with RD1 = RD2 and gm1 = gm2. In th
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It follows that the gain for the in
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8.9 Amplifier Gain with Differentia
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8.11 Summary of Equations Rs = Ris2
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9.1 Basic Current Source An example
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9.2 Current Source with Source Dege
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If the magnitude of the voltage acr
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Any slight possible difference in
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Unit 10. Common-Source Amplifier wi
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10.2 Signal Voltage Gain The expres
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10.3 Summary of Equations Output dr
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Unit 11. Operational Amplifiers wit
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11.1.1 Voltage Gain of the Noninver
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This expression can be manipulated
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11.3 Operational Amplifier Offset I
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where the approximation usually app
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where Avo is the amplifier gain at
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12.1 Operational Amplifier Integrat
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This demonstrates that for the circ
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with a steady-state value of Vop. A
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Equation 12.25 A good estimate come
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13.1 Combining NMOS and PMOS Circui
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13.3 Stabilization of Signal Gain a
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An estimate of the new output volta
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This produces (9.9) from Ro = Vo/Io
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Equation 13.13 where 13.12 has been
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The open-loop transconductance is G
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Unit 14. Development of a Basic CMO
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14.2 Current-Source Output Resistan
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14.3 Current-Source Load for the Co
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14.4 Current-Source Load for the Di
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the node (exclusive of the separate
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14.5 Two-Stage Amplifier with Curre
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14.6 Output Buffer Stage It is evid
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Suppose that ID6 = 400 µA, W6 = 50
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Av and Ro are calculated once, usin
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Since the source follower of M1 has
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14.9 Summary of Equations CMRR = 1
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Unit A. Communicating with the Circ
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Place AI Acquire Waveform.vi in the
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Click from the Front Panel or Diagr
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Now go to the Diagram (under Menu W
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To complete connections to the term
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Now use the Edit Text Tool to edit
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on the left in the diagram . The Wh
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Figure A.15. Frame of Sequence Stru
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The transition regions are nonabrup
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during the oscilloscope measurement
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Unit B. Characterization of the Bip
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junction diodes, the current is lar
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common to the input and output and
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B.2 Base-Width Dependence on Juncti
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Figure B.8. Diodelike characteristi
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The minus sign comes from having as
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Figure B.10. Circuit for measuring
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B.5 Output Characteristics of BJT i
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After measuring the output characte
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B.6 SPICE Solution for IC versus VC
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B.7 Collector-Emitter Voltage and C
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B.8 DC as a Function of Collector C
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B.10 Summary of Equations Common-em
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Unit C. Common-Emitter Amplifier St
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The equation set above has three un
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The output-resistance parameter, ro
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of βDC as possible. Signal paramet
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Equation C.17 We note that the magn
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C.4 Accuracy of Transistor Gain Mea
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C.5 Effect of Finite Slope of the T
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It follows that for this case, f3dB
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C.7 Common-Emitter Amplifier with A
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Equation C.41 where IC IC(VCE), tha
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Applied voltage Vo sums up to Equat
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C.7.3 DC (Bias) of the NPN - PNP Am
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where Equation C.58 and Equation C.
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Equation C.67 The result is signifi
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The following form of the result pr
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This is equivalent to a unity-gain
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C.11 Summary of Circuit Equations B
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C.12 Exercises and Projects Project
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P1.1 Resistor Voltage-Divider Measu
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• Place AO Update Channel.vi in F
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• (Optional) To install the circu
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Procedure • Set your value of RG2
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• In the Diagram, we will add Get
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P1.4 Resistor Voltage Divider with
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• Now move the capacitor C2 = C1
Page 290 and 291: P2.1 NMOS Common-Source Circuit wit
Page 292 and 293: • In the Diagram (below), place,
Page 295 and 296: P2.2 NMOS Common-Source Amplifier w
Page 297 and 298: P2.3 Amplifier with Signal and Gain
Page 299 and 300: • Connect to FG1Chan.vi, the vari
Page 301 and 302: P3.1 SPICE Parameters and Pin Diagr
Page 303 and 304: P3.3 PMOS Transistor Use pins 6 (ga
Page 305 and 306: Procedure • Run PMOSlinear.vi and
Page 307 and 308: Procedure • Run PMOSparsub.vi wit
Page 309 and 310: Procedure • Run PMOSparam.vi to r
Page 311 and 312: Active Region Procedure • Install
Page 313 and 314: Laboratory Project 4. Characterizat
Page 315 and 316: P4.2 NMOS Transistor Use CD4007 pin
Page 317 and 318: P4.4 NMOS Parameters from the Trans
Page 319 and 320: P4.5 NMOS Lambda from the Transfer
Page 321 and 322: P4.6 NMOS Gamma SubVI Components No
Page 323 and 324: • Set RS. With NMOSgamsub.vi open
Page 325 and 326: • A file can be obtained from the
Page 327 and 328: P5.1 SPICE Equations and Pin Diagra
Page 330 and 331: P5.3 Amplifier Gain at One Bias Cur
Page 332 and 333: P5.4 Amplifier Gain versus Bias Cur
Page 334 and 335: Laboratory Project 6. PMOS Common-
Page 336 and 337: P6.2 SPICE PMOS and Circuit Equatio
Page 339: P6.4 Amplifier Gain LabVIEW Computa
Page 343 and 344: P7.1 Chip Diagram and SPICE Equatio
Page 346 and 347: P7.3 Amplifier Gain at Optimum Bias
Page 348 and 349: P7.4 Optimum Bias Stability Test
Page 350 and 351: P7.5 Amplifier Frequency Response P
Page 352 and 353: Laboratory Project 8. NMOS Source-
Page 354: P8.2 Source-Follower DC Evaluation
Page 357 and 358: available for the next VI. It is us
Page 359 and 360: Laboratory Project 9. MOSFET Differ
Page 361 and 362: P9.2 DC Evaluation of the Single-Po
Page 363 and 364: P9.3 Determination of the PMOS Para
Page 365 and 366: Gains will be obtained from the gra
Page 367 and 368: • Run SweepSim.vi to obtain the d
Page 369 and 370: Laboratory Project 10. Current Mirr
Page 371 and 372: P10.2 Evaluation of the Current-Sou
Page 373 and 374: P10.4 Evaluation of the Bias Setup
Page 376 and 377: Laboratory Project 11. Operational
Page 378 and 379: P11.2 Bias Circuit Setup 1 Offset N
Page 380 and 381: P11.3 Opamp Offset Voltage Componen
Page 382 and 383: P11.4 Evaluation of the Bias Balanc
Page 384 and 385: VOH • Reset the Chan0_out Range,
Page 386 and 387: P11.6 Evaluation of the Gain with S
Page 388 and 389: P11.7 Determination of the Opamp Fr
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Laboratory Project 12. Operational
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P12.2 Opamp Integrator Components R
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Procedure • Turn off the power su
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Laboratory Project A. Communicating
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PA.2 Sending and Receiving Voltages
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Bipolar TABLE PA.2 0 to +5V 1.22 mV
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PA.5 Observing the Oscilloscope Out
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of the DAC. The steps are 2.44 mV f
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• The example here illustrates th
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Laboratory Project B. Characterizat
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PB.2 SPICE Equations SPICE Equation
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parameters nF and IS. • Connect C
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PB.4 DC versus the Collector Curren
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• Now open VI, IC_VCE.vi. Set the
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Laboratory Project C1. NPN Common-
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PC.2 DC Circuit Setup and Parameter
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PC.3 Amplifier Gain at One Bias Cur
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PC.4 Amplifier Gain versus Bias Cur
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• Run FreqResp.vi. Verify that in
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PC.6 SPICE Equations and Pin Diagra
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• Determine the value of VAF spec
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• Set the Run Mode switch to Set
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• Now reset VCC(init) and VBB(ini
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Bias Circuit

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