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Continuous Improvement and the Expansion of Quality ... - NCQA

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C H R o N I C D I S E A S E M A N A G E M E N T<br />

48<br />

N AT I o N A l C o M M I T T E E f o R Q U A l I T y A S S U R A N C E<br />

PERSISTENCE <strong>of</strong> bETA-bloCkER<br />

TREATMENT AfTER A HEART ATTACk<br />

Heart attacks occur when blood clots obscure <strong>the</strong> main blood vessel that feeds <strong>the</strong> heart. loss<br />

<strong>of</strong> blood flow may permanently damage <strong>the</strong> heart tissue. 1 Each year, an estimated 785,000<br />

Americans suffer a heart attack. <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se, 470,000 have had at least one heart attack before,<br />

<strong>and</strong> 150,000 are under <strong>the</strong> age <strong>of</strong> 65. 2,3 The Persistence <strong>of</strong> Beta-Blocker Treatment After a Heart<br />

Attack measure reports <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> people who had a heart attack <strong>and</strong> received beta-blocker<br />

treatment during <strong>the</strong> six months following <strong>the</strong>ir discharge from <strong>the</strong> hospital.<br />

• beta-blocker <strong>the</strong>rapy has been shown to<br />

reduce mortality when used after a heart<br />

attack. 4 These drugs can also reduce<br />

patients’ risk for hospital readmission in <strong>the</strong><br />

first year. 5<br />

• beta-blocker <strong>the</strong>rapy restores blood flow,<br />

which reduces damage to <strong>the</strong> heart muscle.<br />

beta-blockers slow heart rate, lower blood<br />

pressure <strong>and</strong> prevent irregular heartbeats<br />

by blocking nervous impulses or stress<br />

responses to <strong>the</strong> heart. 6,7<br />

<strong>the</strong> Case for <strong>Improvement</strong><br />

• Despite beta-blockers’ effectiveness,<br />

adherence to beta-blocker <strong>the</strong>rapy is poor.<br />

only 45 percent <strong>of</strong> patients consistently<br />

took <strong>the</strong>ir medications in <strong>the</strong> first year after<br />

discharge. 8 lack <strong>of</strong> adherence has been<br />

shown to increase patients’ risk <strong>of</strong> dying. 9<br />

• If beta-blocker adherence could be<br />

increased to 100 percent in first-time<br />

heart attack survivors for 20 years, an<br />

estimated 62,000 heart attacks would be<br />

prevented, 72,000 deaths from coronary<br />

heart disease avoided, 447,000 life-years<br />

gained <strong>and</strong> $18 million saved. 10,11<br />

• Although <strong>the</strong> elderly benefit from betablocker<br />

<strong>the</strong>rapy, many patients are not<br />

prescribed <strong>the</strong>se medications. <strong>of</strong> all adults<br />

who are good c<strong>and</strong>idates for beta-blocker<br />

medication, only 43.8 percent <strong>of</strong> nursing<br />

home residents <strong>and</strong> 61.4 percent <strong>of</strong><br />

community-dwelling residents receive betablockers.<br />

Research has shown that mortality<br />

is significantly lower for nursing home<br />

patients who receive beta-blockers. 12

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