JP 4-01.5 JTTP for Water Terminal Operations - BITS

eliminate lost motion, reduce container and
cargo handling requirements, and permit a
logical flow of containers and cargo through
the terminal.
a. Cargo can be subdivided into any
number of categories. The most widely used
are general (breakbulk); containerized
(general, vehicle, or refrigerated); RO/RO
(vehicles, containers on chassis); and special
(oversized, heavy lift, hazardous, or security)
cargo. These categories and the volume in
each play a significant role in marshalling yard
organization.
b. All marshalling yards should provide for
the activities and functions listed in Appendix
B, “Water Terminal Planning Considerations.”
c. The organization of and traffic flow
through a fixed-port container transfer facility
is shown in Figure III-3.
14. Location of the
Marshalling Area
The marshalling area (general cargo,
container, or both) is located as near the
vessel, rail, air, truck discharge, or load site
as practicable. Enemy capabilities and
activities may require dispersion of activities
or may otherwise affect selection of
marshalling yard location. The marshalling
yard in an existing terminal is normally next
to the pier area, with sufficient pier apron (100
to 500 feet) between the yard and shipside.
These distances will accommodate container
discharge and clearance activities and will be
more than adequate for general cargo
operations. Rail spurs, warehouses, and
similar facilities usually exist, but may require
rehabilitation. Construction of the
marshalling yard should encompass any
existing hardstand, structures, and rail lines.
Water Terminal Operations Execution
15. Container Stacking
Configuration
a. Chassis. Containers may be stored in
the marshalling yard either on or off trailers
(chassis). Retaining containers on chassis
reduces container handling and accelerates
operations, but requires a one-for-one
matching of chassis to containers. Storing or
staging containers on chassis also increases
space requirements in the marshalling area.
When containers do not remain on chassis
throughout the system, one chassis for every
two to three containers is needed.
b. Concept. Loaded containers are
stacked, after removal from their chassis, to a
maximum of two high using the turret stacking
method. Empty retrograde containers can be
stacked five high if this height is within the
capability of container handling equipment.
Another space consideration is stacking
collapsed flat racks. Flat racks should be
stacked as high as possible by available
container handling equipment to ease
retrograde backloading. Although stacking
containers increases handling, it also requires
fewer chassis and reduces requirements for
marshalling yard space.
16. Terminal Activities
a. Off-load or Backload Operation. The
objective of ship discharge operations is to
maximize the onward movement of cargo
while minimizing the turnaround time of
the ship. One way to achieve this is to have
the terminal tractors available and positioned
properly at the cranes working the ship. To
do this efficiently with a minimum of
congestion, the tractors should travel the least
distance possible. Each stacking area should
be divided for import and export breakbulk
and container cargo to make it easier to drop
III-9