Manihot Manihotoides (Euphorbiaceae) - CNCFlora

114 Flora Neotropica
Jatropha janipha L., Mant. 1: 126. 1771; Manihot janipha Pohl, P1. Bras. Ic. et Descr. 1: 55.
1827.
Janipha loeflingii H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec. 2: 85. 1817. Type. Humboldt & Bonpland 1040
(photo of syntype, P); Humboldt & Bonpland s n n v.
Janipha yuquilla H. B. K., Nov. Gen et Spec. 2: 85. 1817. Type. Humboldt & Bonpland 149
(photo of syntype, P); Janipha juquilla H. B. K. ex Steudel (orthographic variant);Janipha
juquilla H. B. K. ex Muell.-Arg. in DC., Prodr. 15(2): 1073. 1866 (orthographic variant).
Manihot pittierii Pax & K. Hoffmann in Engler, Pflanzenreich IV. 147(Heft 63): 401. 1914.
Type. Pittier 1567 (syntypes, US-2).
Manihot meridensis Pittier, Jour. Wash. Acad. 19: 352. 1929. Type. Jahn 1000 (syntypes, GH,
US, VEN).
Manibot remotiloba Pittier, Jour. Wash. Acad. 19: 352. 1929. Type. Pittier 11761 (syntypes, K,
M, NY, P, US, VEN).
Tall shrubs (1.5 m) to small trees (5.0 m); trunk at base 15.0-20.0 cm diam bark
dark gray or reddish, smooth, almost glossy, peeling off in places. Roots tuberous,
irregularly swollen; not significantly spreading laterally; epidermis smooth, dark brown,
subepidermis white, with streaks of light pink; cortex very soft. Young stems
obtuse-angled in cross section, glabrous, yellowish green; mature stems glabrous, light
brownish gray, internally pale orange-yellow (7.5 YR 9/4). Leaves alternate; stipules
setaceous, caducous, margin denticulate; petioles ca 20.0 cm long, terete, glabrous,
greenish with maroon suffused or entirely dark red (2.5 R 3/7), petiole attachment to
lamina basal, nonpeltate; lamina firmly membranaceous, dull blue-green above, silvery
below, abaxial surface wax pattern smooth; venation camptodromous, veins glabrous;
lamina palmately 5 lobed; median lobes obovate, usually deeply pandurate with a
prominently dilated more or less triangular shaped apical region, rarely entire, ca 15.0 cm
long, ca 6.0 cm wide, apex obtuse or acute, base breve angustatus, base of lobes ca 1.5 cm
wide; lowest lobes ca 1/2 as long as median lobes, obovate, slightly nonsymmetric.
Inflorescence a monoecious, terminal, sparsely branched panicle, ca 15.0 cm long,
sometimes shorter, all parts glabrous; bracteoles and bractlets setaceous; pistillate flowers
restricted to the base of the inflorescence, pedicels 2.0-3.0 cm long; tepal 1.1 cm long;
disc yellow. Staminate buds, ovoid-ellipsoid, sometimes very slightly constricted in the
middle, flowers medium sized, tepal 1.1 cm long, brilliant yellow (2.5 Y 9/9) at apex,
deep maroon at base, cleft 1/3 way down into 5 lobes, stamens 10 arranged in 2 whorls of
5 each, filaments of the superior whorl 0.9 cm long, of inferior whorl 0.7 cm long.
Capsules subglobose, 1.25-1.5 cm long, 1.0 cm wide, pendent; surface smooth, without
prominent wings; apex rounded; dehiscence septicidal; seeds 1.25 cm long, oblong,
blackish brown. Fig 47B, C, D; 48A.
TYPE. Jacquin s n: Colombia, Bolivar: Cartagena (holotype, P n v., isotypes, Photo
at F, W). (Mueller 1866 erroneously cites the type local as Venezuela).
DISTRIBUTION. (Fig 47A). West Indies, in Bonaire; Colombia, in LaGuajira Intendency
and in the Depts. Atlantico, Magdalena, Bolivar and Cundinamarca; Venezuela in
the states Zulia, Falcon, Nueva Esparta, Yaracuy, Aragua, Sucre, Merida, Bolivar and
Distrito Federal; Trinidad and Tobago, Patos Island.
Xerophytic scrub forest on limestone. Frequent in dry, open places and thickets by
the sea coast. WEST INDIES. Bonaire: Boldingh 7430 (NY, U), 1909; Stoffers 534 (U), Jan 1954.
COLOMBIA. La Guajira Intendency: Dawe 508 (US) Goajira, Oct; Dawe 552 (K-2, US) Goajira, 31
Mar 1917. Atlantico: Dugand 4654 (NY, UC, US) alrededores de Barranquilla, 28 Jun 1953; Dugand
5275 (W) costa del Caribe, Salgar, lomas arenosas cerca del mar, 14 Aug 1960; Dugand 5283 (W) costa
del Caribe, Sabanilla, fruticetum espinoso circa del Mar, 14 Aug 1960; Dugand & Jaramillo 3231 (US)
entre Puerto Columbia Y Salgar, 23 Jul 1943; Dugand & Jaramillo 3246 (US) Puerto Columbia,
colinas aridas entre los Km 16 Y 17 de La Carretera, 24 Jul 1943; Elias 1546 (A, F, US) El Palmar,
Region of Barranquilla, Jul 1937. Magdalena: Dugand 224/61 (F) Santa Rosa, near Barranquilla, Nov
1932; Haught 4156 (A, F, US) near Papayal, 13 May 1944; Pittier 1567 (US-2) along roads around
Barranquilla, Jun 1906; Pittier 1723 (US) lower hills around Rio Frio, Jun-Jul 1906; Smith 365
(NY-3, S, U) Playa Brava, Santa Marta, Sep 1898. Bolivar: Curran 428 (GH, US) Norosi-Tiquisio Trail,
Lands of Loba, Apr-May 1916; Killip & Smith 14032 (A, BM, F, GH, NY, US) vicinity of Cartagena,