Manihot Manihotoides (Euphorbiaceae) - CNCFlora
Manihot Manihotoides (Euphorbiaceae) - CNCFlora
Manihot Manihotoides (Euphorbiaceae) - CNCFlora
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244 Flora Neotropica<br />
TYPE. Martius s n: Brasil, Bahia: Malhada ad Sincora (syntypes, photo at F, G, L,<br />
M-3).<br />
DISTRIBUTION. (Fig 119A). Brasil, states of Para, Maranhao, Piaui, Ceara, Pernambuco,<br />
Mato Grosso, Goias, Bahia, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. Cult. in Florida (Cook<br />
s n (NA)). BRASIL. Para: Pires, Black, Wurdack & Silva 6118 (NY) Serro do Cachimbo, 12 Dec<br />
1956; Pires, Black, Wurdack & Silva 6284 (NY) Serra do Cachimbo, 15 Dec 1956. Maranhao: Lisboa<br />
2343 (MG) Mirador, 18 Aug 1909; Lisboa 2363 (MG), 2 Sep 1909. Piaui: Zehntner 689 (F, M, NY)<br />
Caatingazone, Serra Branca. Ceara: Ducke s n (PUL) M. Calmon, 1909;Gardner 1837 (BM, NY, P-2, US,<br />
W-2) Serra de Araripe, Oct 1838; Lisboa 2431 (MG) Serra Tbiapaba, 16 Oct 1909; Lofgren 327 (S) S.<br />
Felix, Canascal, 18 Mar 1910; Luetzelburg 26414 (NY, US) Serra de Araripe, Araras, Carasco, 11<br />
Feb 1935. Pernambuco: Chase 7803 (F, US) Garanhuns, Nov 1924; Rogers 397 (COLO, F, G, K,<br />
MICH, NY, US, W) San Jose do Belmonte (formerly Manicobal) 3 Mar 1961; Rogers 404 (NY)<br />
Araripina Agriculture Experimental Station in chapada, 4 Mar 1961; Rogers 408 (G, NY, US) circa 50<br />
km SW of Crato on chapada, 5 Mar 1961. Mato Grosso: Harley, Lima, Souza & de Castro 10533 (K)<br />
near Base Camp at 12.49? S-51.460 W, 7 Oct 1968;Irwin, Grear, Souza & dos Santos 16210 (F, NY,<br />
SP, UB) Cerrado Rio Turvo circa 210 km N of Xavantina, 28 May 1966; Irwin, Grear, Souza & dos<br />
Santos 16461 (F, NY, UB) wet campo circa 84 km N of Xavantina, 2 June 1966; Philcox & Fereira<br />
4609 (K) 2 km W of km 264 Xavantina-Cachimbo Road, 22 Mar 1968; Philcox, Fereira & Bertoldo<br />
3340 (K) between main Xavantina road, Base Camp at 12.49? S-51.460 W, 2 Dec 1967; Philcox,<br />
Ramos & Souza 3109 (K) km 264 Xavantina-Cachimbo Road, 17 Nov 1967; Ratter, de Castro, dos<br />
Santos & Souza 834 (K) near Base Camp at 12.54? S-51.520 W, close to Xavantina-Sao Felix Road, 6<br />
Apr 1968; Ratter, de Castro, dos Santos & Souza 835 (K) near Base Camp at 12.54? S-51.520 W,<br />
close to Xavantina-Sao Felix Road, 6 Apr 1968. Goias: Irwin, Grear, Souza & dos Santos 14450 (F, G,<br />
GH, MO, NY, RB, SP, UB, US) cerrado Rio da Prata circa 6 km S of Posse, 6 Apr 1966. Bahia: Irwin,<br />
Grear, Souza & dos Santos 14609 (F, MICH, MG, MO, NY, S, SP, UB, UC, US, W) cerrado Rio Piau<br />
circa 225 km SYW of Barreiras on road to Posse, 12 April 1966; Irwin, Grear, Souza, & dos Santos<br />
14821 (F, GH, K, MO, NY, RB, SP, UB, UC, US) cerrado near Rio Piau circa 150 km SW of Barreiras,<br />
14 Apr 1966; Luetzelburg 12674 (NY) Tamandina, Catinga-Gebiet, 1914; Luetzelburg 1348 (NY)<br />
Serra do Rio Preto, 1913; Pereira 2055 (RB), 15 Sep 1956; Ule 7141 (G-2, K, L, MG-2, UC, US) bei<br />
Remanso cultivated, Dec 1906; Ule 7141A (UC), 1906; Zehntner s n (M-2) Chapada Velha; Zehntner<br />
238 (F, NY); Zehntner 299 (F, NY) Licury Und Gruna, Aug 1912; Zebntner 365 (F, NY) Santa Rita,<br />
16 Oct 1912; Zehntner 390 (F, NY) bei Santa Rita, Oct 1912; Zehntner 394 (F, NY): Zehntner 533<br />
(F-2, NY); Zehntner 611 (F, NY); Zehntner 690 (F, NY), bei Villa Nova; Zehntner 695 (F, NY) bei<br />
Villa Nova, June 1911. Minas Gerais: Barreto 9449 (F-2) Municipality Diamantina, 4 Nov 1937;<br />
Claussen s n (NY); Magalhaes 14887 (PUL, RB) Virgem da Lapa, Apr 1959; Riedel 791 (G-2, K);<br />
Warming 1502 (G, P-2) Lagoa Santa. Rio de Janeiro: Kuhlmann s.n. (PUL, RB) Jardim Botanico, 10<br />
Sep 1946; Saint-Hilaire s n (P-3). Province Unknown/Uncertain: Claussen s.n. (NY); Pohl 56 (W);<br />
Riedel 2822 (F, G, K, NY, P) inter Rio da Padre et Rio Sao Francisco.<br />
Cult: USA, Florida, Cook s n (NA) Homestead, Dade County, 20 Aug 1926; Cook s.n. (NA)<br />
Johnson's Place, Homestead, Dade County, May 1929.<br />
LOCAL NAMES. Manidoca de viado (Philcox, Fereira & Bertoldo 3340), mandioca<br />
braba (Harley, Lima, Souza & deCastro 10533) manicoba (Rogers 397), manicoba brava<br />
(Zehntner 690), manicoba de veado (Lisboa 2343), manicoba von gruna (Zehntner 299).<br />
USES. Source of latex (see remarks).<br />
The large synonymy of <strong>Manihot</strong> caerulescens subspecies cearulescens is due, in part,<br />
to the fact that the plants have been selected, cultivated and modified from wild plants in<br />
eastern Brasil. Variants, clones (or cultivars) have been selected for their production of<br />
latex, and it seems that this practise had its origins long before the great rubber boom at<br />
the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. We base this hypothesis in large<br />
part on the fact that the natives of the region made a number of artifacts from the latex,<br />
such as toy rubber balls, shoes, and occasional other garments, in a region where Hevea<br />
brasiliensis Muell.-Arg. does not grow well.<br />
<strong>Manihot</strong> caerulescens has a "weedy" aspect. There are numbers of marginally<br />
developed (or poorly cared for) plantations, and nearby, in the bush, will be found<br />
various individual volunteer plants in a wide variety of forms. It is possible, but by no<br />
means certain, that these forms are the basis for the many names applied, particularly by<br />
Ule.
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