Manihot Manihotoides (Euphorbiaceae) - CNCFlora

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Systematic Position of the Genus 165 62. Manihot anomala Pohl, P1. Bras. Ic. et Descr. 1:27. t. 21. 1827. Shrubs, to 3.0 m tall, frequently branched. Roots with intermittent tuberous enlargements, with milky latex and slight odor of HCN; epidermis rough, light yellowish brown to dark brown; subepidermis light tan, cortex with a watery consistency. Young stems glabrous or pubescent; mature stems woody with small pith, glabrous or pubescent, externally brown with green undercast, internally greenish white. Leaves alternate; young leaf and bud color strong yellow-green (5 GY 5/6) stipules caducous, filiform, glabrous or pubescent; petioles ca 10.0 cm long, terete, glabrous or pubescent, yellowish green or dark red (2.5 R 3/7), petiole attachment to lamina basal, nonpeltate; lamina membranaceous, abaxial surface wax pattern smooth; venation camptodromous, rarely craspedodromous, veins glabrous or pubescent; lamina 3-, rarely 5 lobed, leaves associated with the inflorescence frequently nonlobed; median lobes obovate, obovate pandurate, elliptic or narrowly elliptic with a repand or incised margin, usually 10.0-15.0 cm long, occasionally longer, 2.0-10.0 cm wide, apex acute to acuminate, base of lobes 0.75-3.0 cm wide, width between base of sinus and petiole-lamina junction 0.75-3.0 cm; lowest lobes prominently nonsymmetric. Inflorescence monoecious, terminal, a cluster of subspicate racemes, to ca 15.0 cm long, totally glabrous or with various degrees of pubescence; bracteoles and bractlets foliaceous, semifoliaceous or setaceous, margins usually entire; rarely serrate, yellowish green or with some purplish pigmentation. Pistillate flowers restricted to the base of the upper 2/3 of the inflorescence, pedicels 1.0-2.0 cm long, tepal to 2.0 cm long, yellowish green or with various degrees of purplish pigmentation, in the latter case usually the exterior surface is green and interior surface with dark maroon stripes, cleft to base into 5 lobes; disc light yellow to reddish orange; ovary subglobse, the trifid stigma well lobed and lobulate. Staminate buds globose or ovoid-ellipsoid to slightly constricted in the middle, flowers small (0.75 cm long) to large (2.0 cm long); color of tepal same as that of pistillate tepal, cleft 1/3 way down into 5 lobes; disc light yellow to reddish orange; stamens 10, in 2 whorls of 5 each. Capsules 0.75-1.5 cm long, subglobose to slightly elongated, surface smooth without prominent wings, apex rounded, dehiscence septicidal. Seeds 0.6-1.2 cm long, oblong, caruncle usually prominent. DISTRIBUTION. (Fig 74A). Brasil, states of Para, Mato Grosso, Goias, Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo and in Distrito Federal; Paraguay; Peru in Depts Cusco and Apurimac; Bolivia, Depts La Paz and Santa Cruz; Argentina, Provinces Jujuy, Salta, Catamarca and Tucuman. Alt ca 300-1000 m. In disturbed gallery forest, rocky slopes, creek margins, savanna, and in flat country. Manihot anomala has one of the widest distributions of the wild species of the genus. As a result of this distribution, and the great variability in leaf morphology, many of the phenotypic variations have been described as species. The senior author's collections of one of the subspecies (pavoniana) indicate the wide variation in one population (Figs 76B, C, D; 77A, B, C). The unifying character of the species is the cluster of subspicate racemes. The variability in the phenotypes of this species indicates a highly heterozygous gene pool. The disturbed habitats in which the plants occur indicate that man has played a role in the expression of this phenotypic plasticity, much as in the case of the consciously cultivated species,Manihot esculenta. Key to the Subspecies of Manihot anomala 1. Bracts and bracteoles foliaceous, more than 0.5 cm wide; flowers yellowish green; plant parts densely pubescent. 62b. M. anomala subsp pubescens. 1. Bracts and bracteoles semifoliaceous or setaceous, less than 0.2 cm wide; flowers mostly purplish tinged, sometimes yellowish green; plant parts moderately pubescent to glabrous. 2. Bracts and bracteoles usually less than 1.0 cm long; flowers yellowish green or with some purple pigmentation; plant parts moderately pubescent.
166 Flora Neotropica -C Ii. . i i~,. . X 11 FIG74 Manho a nml. A isrbuin,tedosrersetsus bsen,th ete rereets us anoaa h etrMrpeet us uaess h etrNrpeet us lb raaadtelte ersnssbppvnaa N.aoaasbpaoaa ,la Ph 17 ) C,ifoecne(lusn.2,N) .aoml us uecn.D ef(l $ ) FIG 74. Manihot anomala. A, distribution, the dots represent subsp pubescens, the letter A represents subsp anomala, the letter M represents subsp cujabensis, the letter N represents subsp glab- rata and the letter D represents subsp pavoniana. M. anomala subsp anomala. B, leaf (Pobl 1197, W); C, inflorescence (Claussen 322, NY). M. anomala subsp pubescens. D, leaf (Ule 473, P).
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Organization for Flora Neotropica M
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Copyright ? 1973 HAFNER PRESS Publi
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2 Flora Neotropica played a fundame
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4 Flora Neotropica 1827 Pohl, J. E.
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6 Flora Neotropica cultivated plant
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8 Flora Neotropica organs. This is
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10 Flora Neotropica TABLE I Charact
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12 Flora Neotropica TABLE I (contin
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14 Flora Neotropica TABLE I (contin
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16 Flora Neotropica ? ' ., ~.~ "::
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18 Flora Neotropica specimen for ac
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20 Flora Neotropica Leaves alternat
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22 Flora Neotropica s ~t Sg~~~~~~~~
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24 Flora Neotropica 16. Lamina memb
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~ 26 Flora Neotropica o L 0
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28 Flora Neotropica Manihot esculen
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30 Flora Neotropica , ~.....i& , "
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32 Flora Neotropica Ule 7645 (MG, U
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34 Flora Neotropica sprucei Pax, an
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36 Flora Neotropica Manibot sect He
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38 Flora Neotropica aJJg~~~~~~~~~~~
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40 Flora Neotropica ,- ~~~~~~~ "'%j
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t c? *r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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44 Flora Neotropica - A~~ AI ii ' D
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46 Flora Neotropica its leaves duri
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48 Flora Neotropica the middle, dic
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50 Flora Neotropica (COLO-2, F-2, G
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52 Flora Neotropica r I C D '', " F
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54 Flora Neotropica _,._ ,' X I /'"
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56 2m.al~ .~~~~~~~1 A .. "C~~~~~~~~
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58 Flora Neotropica ,~. 1 ' /1 _ ',
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60 Flora Neotropica 1962; Webster,
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62 Flora Neotropica Lyonnet 301 (NY
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64 Flora Neotropica '- ' i ..:.:. _
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66 Flora Neotropica C . ,i .~ ,s~ %
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68 Flora Neotropica Key to the Spec
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70 Flora Neotropica 1897. Guanajuat
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72 Flora Neotropica a more or less
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74 Flora Neotropica surface not shi
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76 Flora Neotropica Trees. Young st
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78 Flora Neotropica membranaceous,
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80 Flora Neotropica Inflorescence a
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82 Flora Neotropica towards the ape
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84 Flora Neotropica 22a. Manihot tr
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86 Flora Neotropica This subspecies
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88 Flora Neotropica Nov 1965; Roger
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90 Flora Neotropica conservatories,
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92 Flora Neotropica Manihot brasili
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94 Flora Neotropica nonpeltate; aba
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96 Flora Neotropica The number of s
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98 Flora Neotropica white bloom; br
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100 Flora Neotropica 56) in an obse
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102 Flora Neotropica pubescent, cle
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104 Flora Neotropica tion. FIG 41.
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106 Flora Neotropica FIG 42. Manibo
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108 Flora Neotropica to lamina basa
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110 Flora Neotropica pandurate or r
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112 Flora Neotropica 1932. Tucuman:
Page 117 and 118: 114 Flora Neotropica Jatropha janip
Page 119 and 120: 116 Flora Neotropica "..., \j _-_4
Page 121 and 122: 118 Flora Neotropica petioles ca 15
Page 123 and 124: 120 Flora Neotropica 1LI? Cf? ,' Z
Page 125 and 126: 122 Flora Neotropica i ''~~~~~~~~~~
Page 127 and 128: 124 Flora Neotropica TYPE. Pohl 734
Page 129 and 130: 126 Flora Neotropica FIG 53. Maniho
Page 131 and 132: 128 Flora Neotropica 223-AP. 1 / {'
Page 133 and 134: 130 Flora Neotropica The specimens
Page 135 and 136: 132 Flora Neotropica lamina palmate
Page 137 and 138: 134 46a. Manihot violacea Pohl subs
Page 139 and 140: 136 Flora Neotropica 47. Manihot ja
Page 141 and 142: 138 I: = Flora Neotropica F~IG iegn
Page 143 and 144: 140 Flora Neotropica '-. 'd.4n !.4
Page 145 and 146: 142 Flora Neotropica FIG . M a n i
Page 147 and 148: o I 'L 1 ` \ : / FIG 62. Manibot se
Page 149 and 150: 146 Flora Neotropica 9 L 1 1.?1 !1
Page 151 and 152: 148 Flora Neotropica 4,- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Page 153 and 154: 150 Flora Neotropica 1Cc B ~~~~~~~'
Page 155 and 156: 152 Flora Neotropica :/ ,..~~~~~~~.
Page 157 and 158: 154 Flora Neotropica C -A I/ /1 ? C
Page 159 and 160: 156 X - / . " Flora Neotropica FIG
Page 161 and 162: 158 Flora Neotropica reticulate; ve
Page 163 and 164: 160 Flora Neotropica UB, US-2) Cerr
Page 165 and 166: 162 Flora Neotropica I 0 0 '..,.r,
Page 167: ? c--" 2"- I- "" X' j *' -t- F '~~~
Page 171 and 172: 168 Flora Neotropica TYPE. Pohl 119
Page 173 and 174: 170 Flora Neotropica staminate buds
Page 175 and 176: 172 Flora Neotropica 10191 (LIL, US
Page 177 and 178: }?\???)? **^^ ' /, i (, 7 I.M f ran
Page 179 and 180: 176 Flora Neotropica , , ..1.. m "
Page 181 and 182: FI 8 G ............................
Page 183 and 184: 180 Flora Neotropica 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 185 and 186: 182 Flora Neotropica into 5 lobes;
Page 187 and 188: 184 Flora Neotropica a I. cence !q
Page 189 and 190: 186 Flora Neotropica p|- p I. S -.
Page 191 and 192: 188 Flora Neotropica r, o _ t i_ ;
Page 193 and 194: 190 Flora Neotropica Manihot sect P
Page 195 and 196: 192 Flora Neotropica .' '.: :. :' "
Page 197 and 198: 194 Flora Neotropica wax pattern, v
Page 199 and 200: 196 Flora Neotropica 468 (F, G, K,
Page 201 and 202: 198 Flora Neotropica 157 U. i! AI .
Page 203 and 204: ''* '> .." ' . .., /? I J*" ' - ??
Page 205 and 206: 202 Flora Neotropica 4984, UC). T _
Page 207 and 208: 204 Flora Neotropica ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 209 and 210: 206 Flora Neotropica Jan 1968; Mace
Page 211 and 212: 208 Flora Neotropica Very short, ne
Page 213 and 214: 210 Flora Neotropica Very short, ne
Page 215 and 216: 212 Flora Neotropica DISTRIBUTION.
Page 217 and 218: !: '" . D' I , ~:'~)L~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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216 Flora Neotropica 27 k " ? .: .:
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-1~~~~~~ i , FIG 104. Manihot sect
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220 Flora Neotropica BRASIL. Mato G
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222 Flora Neotropica TYPE. Pohl 119
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224 Flora Neotropica _ _ ?^^^^^...
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eE- ~........ ' t-0 i ',K 6?~~~~~~~
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228 Flora Neotropica ,i ~~~~~~~~~~~
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230 Flora Neotropica DISTRIBUTION.
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f ' * S s. - .. -- X~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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234 Flora Neotropica Manihot tripar
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236 Flora Neotropica Santa, Dec 195
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238 Flora Neotropica Pax lists Robe
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_.- \ ~ [' i ~ ~ .j ?~.:.:. --/ _:.
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242 Flora Neotropica Key to the Sub
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244 Flora Neotropica TYPE. Martius
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246 Flora Neotropica i '*:1, .! 2;
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248 Flora Neotropica to nearly obco
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250 Flora Neotropica --" . T - FIG
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252 Flora Neotropica Manihot curcas
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254 Flora Neotropica Nordenskiold,
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256 Flora Neotropica 62. M. anomala
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258 Flora Neotropica 1780 (1-66); 1
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260 Flora Neotropica 13203 (1-27);
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262 Flora Neotropica Killip, E. P.
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264 Flora Neotropica Palmer, L. H.
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266 Flora Neotropica Schomburgk, R.
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268 Flora Neotropica Adenoropium tr
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270 Flora Neotropica enneaphylla 88
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272 Flora Neotropica Rogers & Appan
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cNr ( r-r nu )0m Cr m ^ Lo cm ( r o
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1. 00 0 - , ' t t N S D - .-' C IS)
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51 2,12 8 27 2 3;19 30=4;13,12 33=1
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Manihot Manihotoides (Euphorbiaceae) - CNCFlora

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