TEXTURAL AND MICROANALYSIS OF IGNEOUS ROCKS: TOOLS ...

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10. J. Blundy and B. Wood, Crystal-chemical controls on the partitioning of Sr and Ba between plagioclase feldspar, silicate melts, and hydrothermal solutions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 55: 193–209 (1991). 11. J. Blundy and B. Wood, Prediction of crystal-melt partition coefficients. Nature, 372(1): 452–454 (1994). 12. J. Blundy and B. Wood, Partitioning of trace elements between crystals and melts. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 210: 383–397 (2003). 13. J. Brady, Diffusion data for silicate minerals, glasses, and liquids. In T. Ahrens, editor, A Handbook of Physical Constants, volume 2 of Reference Shelf , pages 269–290, AGU (1995). 14. A. Brandon, M. Norman, R. Walker and J. Morgan, 186 Os/ 187 Os systematics of Hawaiian picrites. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 174: 25–42 (1999). 15. J. Brice, Some thermodynamic aspects of the growth of strained crystals. Journal of Crystal Growth, 28: 249–254 (1975). 16. J. Bryce and D. DePaolo, Pb isotopic heterogeneity in basaltic phenocrysts. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 68(4453-4468) (2004). 17. I. Campbell and R. Griffiths, Implications of mantle plume structure for the evolution of flood basalts. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 99: 79–93 (1990). 18. K. Cashman, Textural constraints on the kinetics of crystallization of igneous rocks. In J. Nicholls and J. Russell, editors, Modern Methods of Igneous Petrology, Understanding Magmatic Processes, volume 24 of Reviews in Mineralogy, pages 292–305, Mineralogical Society of America (1990). 19. K. Cashman, Relationship between plagioclase crystallization and cooling rate in basaltic melts. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 113: 126– 142 (1993). 20. K. Cashman and B. Marsh, Crystal size distribution (CSD) in rocks and the kinetics and dynamics of crystallization II: Makaopuhi lava lake. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 99: 292–305 (1988). 21. L. Chambers, M. Pringle and J. Fitton, Age and duration of magmatism on the Ontong Java Plateau: 40 Ar/ 39 Ar results from ODP Leg 192. EOS Transactions, 83: F47 (2002), Abstract V71B-1271. 223
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TEXTURAL AND MICROANALYSIS OF IGNEO
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TEXTURAL AND MICROANALYSIS OF IGNEO
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DEDICATION This work is dedicated t
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CHAPTER 2: MAGMA EVOLUTION REVEALED
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3.6.3.1 Crystal Population Origins
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FIGURES 1.1 Magma Chambers . . . .
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TABLES 2.1 MAJOR AND TRACE ELEMENT
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thus been debate within the volcano
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Cambrian schist) including a crysta
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explosive eruption vs. mild effusiv
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tiation (e.g., [84, 98]; Fig. 1.3).
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defined as having crystallinities b
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12 Figure 1.4: Large Igneous Provin
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distribution of crystal sizes (e.g.
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investigating magmatic evolution us
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length dispersive spectroscopy(WDS)
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microdrilling, a pre-cleaned square
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1.7.2 Detroit Seamount, Part of the
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lations. Reprocessing of intrusive
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nucleated homogenously and grew thr
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With accurate partition coefficient
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uniform composition of large volume
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Figure 2.2. Hand sample and thin se
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2.3.1 A Cogenetic Relationship Betw
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Figure 2.4. Stratigraphic section o
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Figure 2.5. Backscatter electron im
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studies of Kwaimbaita basalt by San
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42 Crystal Zone An (mol%) TABLE 2.1
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44 Crystal Zone An (mol%) 63R2 phen
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along the xenolith margins (e.g., F
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are more abundant in phenocrysts fr
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54 Crystal Zone 5 ML-X1 xenolith TA
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56 TABLE 2.2 Continued Crystal Zone
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Figure 2.7. Measured major and trac
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2.5.3.2 Trace Elements It is diffic
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Figure 2.9. Trace element ratio plo
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2.5.4 Resorption Features in Site 1
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should, however, be noted that in t
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2.6.1.2 An-rich OJP Plagioclase: In
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equivocally the roles of H2O, press
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ent magma requires significant clin
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tion driven plumes, or stirring by
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Yamashita, [123], and thus did not
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erally extensive crystal-mush netwo
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asalt at Site 1185 of ODP Leg 192 [
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CHAPTER 3 SHALLOW MAGMA EVOLUTION D
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magma compositions [23, 39, 98]. A
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Figure 3.2. Stratigraphy of basalts
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[118]. No volcaniclastic rocks were
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magmatic crystallization. Using the
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Figure 3.3. A cross polarized light
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3.4.5 Major and Trace Element Data
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3.4.6.1 Partition coefficients for
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3.5.1.2 Site 884 CSDs I measured pl
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Figure 3.5. Plagioclase CSDs of ODP
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106 TABLE 3.2 CSD RESULTS Sample OD
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ln (n) [mm -4 ] ln (n) [mm -4 ] 10
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ulation A crystals are unzoned (An6
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Figure 3.8. a) The majority of Site
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3.5.4.3 Site 1203 Unit 31 and Site
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3.5.5 Trace Elements 3.5.5.1 Measur
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Unit 31 > Site 884 Unit 8 (Table 3.
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3.6 Discussion 3.6.1 Evidence of Cr
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3.6.1.1 Site 1203 Alkalic Basalts a
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etween the different crystal popula
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Unit 14 and 31 magmas accumulated o
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sition is similar to parent magmas
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Sr - low La/Ce population A parent
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The Unit 31 plagioclase CSD is kink
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was dominated by late stage clinopy
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pressure, and growth of An-rich pla
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138 TABLE 3.3 PLAGIOCLASE PHENOCRYS
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140 TABLE 3.3 Continued Sample Zone
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Page 185 and 186: 172 TABLE 3.4 Continued Sample Zone
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Page 189 and 190: and over time crustal wall-rocks be
Page 191 and 192: flow [33]. I selected a single samp
Page 193 and 194: 4.3.4 Major and Trace Element Data
Page 195 and 196: B) C) parafilm splash guard A) tape
Page 197 and 198: of these elements are the better co
Page 199 and 200: 5 mm 5 mm Figure 4.4. Cross polariz
Page 201 and 202: 4.4.2 Electron Probe Microanalysis
Page 203 and 204: An (mol %) An (mol %) An (mol %) An
Page 205 and 206: study exhibit their highest An at t
Page 207 and 208: 4.4.3 LA-ICP-MS - Trace Elements An
Page 209 and 210: 87 86 Sr/ SrI = 0.705722(8) Ba/Sr =
Page 211 and 212: and Rb (Fig. 4.11d,e). 4.4.3.3 Yttr
Page 213 and 214: Sr (ppm) Y (ppm) La (ppm) Ce (ppm)
Page 215 and 216: Unit 4 plagioclase rims plagioclase
Page 217 and 218: 204 TABLE 4.4 UNIT 4 PLAGIOCLASE PA
Page 219 and 220: 4.5 Discussion 4.5.0.1 Origin of Ma
Page 221 and 222: 4.5.0.2 Insights from Trace Element
Page 223 and 224: that other factors influenced the a
Page 225 and 226: C A/B / D A/B C A/B / D A/B Unit 4
Page 227 and 228: Magma chambers tend to form at hori
Page 229 and 230: whole-rock basalt data. Cumulate xe
Page 231 and 232: over short time spans but may be ea
Page 233 and 234: lowing initial Elan Bank magma empl
Page 235: BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. C. Allegre, A. Prov
Page 239 and 240: 46. J. Fitton and M. Godard, Origin
Page 241 and 242: 68. M. Higgins, Measurement of crys
Page 243 and 244: 89. J. Longhi, D. Walker and J. Hay
Page 245 and 246: 100 of Geophysical Monograph, pages
Page 247 and 248: 129. J. Tarduno, W. Sliter, L. Kroe
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