TOOLED THICK COMPOSITES by ARVEN H. SAUNDERS III ...

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(Hubert, 2001) Hubert, P. and Poursartip, A. “A Method for the Direct Measurement of the Fibre Bed Compaction Curve of Composite Prepregs”, Composites Part A 32, pp. 179-187, 2001. (Jochum, 2004) Jochum, C. and Grandidier, J., “Microbuckling Elastic Modelling Approach of a Single Carbon Fibre Embedded in an Epoxy Matrix”, Composites Science and Technology 64 (2004), pp. 2441-2449. (Jourdan, 2009) Jourdan, L., Schultze, O., Legrand, T., Talbi, E., and Wojkiewicz, J., “An Analysis of the Effect of Multiple Layers in the Multi-Objective Design of Conducting Polymer Composites”, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 24: 350-357, 2009. (Lee, 1982) Lee, W. I, Loos, A. C., and Springer, G.S., "Heat of Reaction, Degree of Cure and Viscosity of Hercules 3501-6 Resin", J. Composite Materials, Vol. 16, 1982, pp. 510-520. (Lee, 1997) Lee, C.W., and Rice, B.P., "Modeling of Epoxy Cure Reaction Rate By Neural Network," Proc. of the 42nd International SAMPE Symposium, 1997 (Loos, 1983) Loos, A.C., and Springer, G.S., "Curing of Epoxy Matrix Composites," Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 17, March 1983, pp. 135-169. (Mawardi, 2004) Mawardi, A. and Pitchumani, R., "Cure Cycle Design for Thermosetting- Matrix Composites Fabrication Under Uncertainty", Annals of Operations Research, 132, pp. 19-45, 2004. (May, 1996) May, R.G. and Claus, R. O. "In-Situ Optic Sensor for Composite Cure Monitoring Through Characterization of Resin Viscoelasticity", SPIE, Vol. 2948, 1996. 74
(Mitra, 2009) Mitra, K., Majumder, S., and Runkana, V., “Multiobjective Pareto Optimization of an Industrial Straight Grate Iron Ore Induration Process Using an Evolutionary Algorithm”, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 24: 331-342, 2009. (Mahfouf, 2005) Mahfouf, M., Jamei, M., and Linkens, D., “Optimal Design of Alloy Steels Using Multiobjective Genetic Algorithms”, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 20: 553-567, 2005. (Ng, 1998) Ng, S., "Identifying Marcelling Parameters of Thick Linear Tapered Laminates in a Closed-Mold Curing Process", 44th International SAMPE Symposium, May 23-27, 1998. (Ng, 1999) Ng, S., "Cure Kinetics Models for 8552", International SAMPE Symposium, 1999. (Nielsen, 2001) Nielsen, D. and Pitchumani, "Intelligent Model-based Control of Preform Permeation in Liquid Composite Molding Processes, with Online Optimization," Composites A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 32(12), pp. 1789-1803, 2001. (Nielsen, 2002a) Nielsen, D., and Pitchumani, R., "Control of Flow in Resin Transfer Molding with Real-time Preform Permeability Estimation", Polymer Composites, 23(2), 1087-1110, 2002. (Nielsen, 2002b) Nielsen, D. and Pitchumani, R., "Closed-loop Flow Control in Resin Transfer Molding Using Real-Time Numerical Process Simulations," Composites Science and Technology, 62(2), pp. 283-298, 2002. (Padmanabhan, 1999)Padmanabhan, S.K., and Pitchumani, R., "Stochastic Analysis of Isothermal Cure of Resin Systems", Polymer Composites, 20(1), 72-85, 1999. 75
Page 1 and 2:
PROCESS MODELING SYSTEM FOR PRESS C
Page 3 and 4:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation
Page 5 and 6:
TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Page 7 and 8:
4. RESULTS ........................
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4.7 Acceptable IM7/3501-6 Flexbeam
Page 11 and 12:
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Backgrou
Page 13 and 14:
Inspection and evaluation technique
Page 15 and 16:
Figure 1.3. Fiber/Layer Waviness in
Page 17 and 18:
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED RESEARC
Page 19 and 20:
greatly lag in temperature. As a re
Page 21 and 22:
Physics-based models are often used
Page 23 and 24:
equation above can be solved by wri
Page 25 and 26:
keep the cure on track. Examples of
Page 27 and 28:
(Chen, 2002). However, because they
Page 29 and 30:
during cure and consolidation. In a
Page 31 and 32:
initially in the cure process but w
Page 33 and 34: Figure 3.1. Generic Flexbeam with T
Page 35 and 36: Permeability describes the resistan
Page 37 and 38: patterns velocity and timing during
Page 39 and 40: S ii 2 f r = 4k ii ( 1− V where r
Page 41 and 42: proportion of the applied pressure
Page 43 and 44: At any timestep in the simulation,
Page 45 and 46: constant displacement ramp followed
Page 47 and 48: 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Figure 3.8. Model Con
Page 49 and 50: decrease for CVs that were previous
Page 51 and 52: total resin volume rate for the lam
Page 53 and 54: series electrical circuits—a left
Page 55 and 56: hold these values, with R(k) being
Page 57 and 58: • Resin pressure causes resin flo
Page 59 and 60: where α is cure, An is the pre-exp
Page 61 and 62: temperature conditions. The princip
Page 63 and 64: cycle. The ability to optimize temp
Page 65 and 66: Temperature (C) 200 180 160 140 120
Page 67 and 68: Temperature (C) 200 180 160 140 120
Page 69 and 70: useful; as pointed out by Cirisciol
Page 71 and 72: Flexbeam (z) Height and Tool Lid Po
Page 73 and 74: 55 minutes into the S2/8552 cycle,
Page 75 and 76: Resin Pressure (Pa) 1.2E+06 1.0E+06
Page 77 and 78: -7.138E-12 -7.138E-12 -6.517E-12 -5
Page 79 and 80: keeping the level below a certain t
Page 81 and 82: feedback to set the temperature cur
Page 83: (Chen, 2002) Chen, Y., "Modeling of
Page 87 and 88: (Walia, 2006) Walia, R., Shan, H.,
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