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162 Part III: Hacking Network Hosts Figure 9-2: Searching for your wireless APs using the WiGLE database. If your AP is listed, someone has discovered it — most likely via wardriving — and has posted the information for others to see. You need to start implementing the security countermeasures listed in this chapter as soon as possible to keep others from using this information against you! There are numerous Wi-Fi “locator” apps for mobile devices as well. Scanning your local airwaves Monitor the airwaves around your building to see what authorized and unauthorized APs you can find. You’re looking for the SSID (service set identifier), which is your wireless network name. If you have multiple and separate wireless networks, each one may or may not have a unique SSID associated with it. Here’s where the freebie tool NetStumbler (www.netstumbler.com/ downloads) comes into play. NetStumbler can discover SSIDs and other detailed information about wireless APs, including the following: ✓ MAC address ✓ Name ✓ Radio channel in use
Figure 9-3: NetStumbler displays detailed data on APs. ✓ Vendor name ✓ Whether encryption is on or off ✓ RF signal strength (signal-to-noise ratio) Chapter 9: Wireless LANs Figure 9-3 shows an example of what you might see when running NetStumbler in your environment. The information that you see here is what others can see as long as they’re in range of your AP’s radio signals. NetStumbler and most other tools work by sending a probe-request signal from the client. Any APs within signal range must respond to the request with their SSIDs — that is, if they’re configured to broadcast their SSIDs upon request. When you’re using certain wireless security assessment tools, including NetStumbler and CommView for WiFi, your adapter might enter passive monitoring mode. This means you can no longer communicate with other wireless hosts or APs while the program is loaded. Discovering Wireless Network Attacks and Taking Countermeasures Various malicious hacks — including DoS attacks — can be carried out against your WLAN. This includes forcing APs to reveal their SSIDs during the process of being disassociated from the network and rejoining. In addition, hackers can literally jam the RF signal of an AP — especially in 802.11b and 802.11g systems — and force the wireless clients to re-associate to a rogue AP masquerading as the victim AP. Hackers can create man-in-the-middle attacks by maliciously using such tools as ESSID-jack and monkey-jack and can flood your network with thousands of packets per second by using the raw packet-generation tools Nping or NetScanTools Pro — enough to bring the network to its knees. Even more so than with wired networks, this type of DoS attack is very difficult to prevent on WLANs. 163
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Hacking FOR DUMmIES‰ 4TH EDITION
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About the Author Kevin Beaver is an
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Mega thanks to Queensrÿche, Rush,
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Contents at a Glance Introduction .
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Table of Contents Introduction ....
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Table of Contents Performing Social
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Table of Contents Gathering Informa
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Table of Contents Part VI: Ethical
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Introduction W elcome to Hacking Fo
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Introduction Before you start hacki
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Introduction well-known vulnerabili
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Part I Building the Foundation for
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Ethical H
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Ethical
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Obeying the Ethical Hacking Command
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Formulating your plan Chapter 1: In
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Chapter 2 Cracking the Hacker Minds
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Malicious attackers often think and
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Chapter 2: Cracking the Hacker Mind
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In This Chapter Chapter 3 Developin
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Chapter 3: Developing Your Ethical
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Attack tree analysis is the process
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Timing Chapter 3: Developing Your E
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In This Chapter Chapter 4 Hacking M
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Chapter 4: Hacking Methodology no o
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Chapter 4: Hacking Methodology ✓
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Chapter 4: Hacking Methodology One
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Chapter 4: Hacking Methodology test
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Figure 4-1: Netcraft’s web server
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Chapter 4: Hacking Methodology docu
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Penetrating the System Chapter 4: H
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Part II Putting Ethical Hacking in
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In This Chapter ▶ Discovering soc
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Chapter 5: Social Engineering A cas
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Chapter 5: Social Engineering Socia
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Chapter 5: Social Engineering Regar
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Chapter 5: Social Engineering years
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✓ Threatening reprimands if reque
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Chapter 5: Social Engineering In so
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Chapter 5: Social Engineering reque
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In This Chapter Chapter 6 Physical
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Chapter 6: Physical Security A Q&A
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Chapter 6: Physical Security ✓ Do
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Chapter 6: Physical Security ✓ Do
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Chapter 6: Physical Security cellul
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Chapter 6: Physical Security ✓ Ke
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In This Chapter ▶ Identifying pas
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Chapter 7: Passwords A case study i
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Chapter 7: Passwords The National V
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Chapter 7: Passwords they should’
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Chapter 7: Passwords ✓ John the R
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Chapter 7: Passwords Dictionary att
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Chapter 7: Passwords this password
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Chapter 7: Passwords Cracking UNIX/
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Chapter 7: Passwords The financial
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Page 131 and 132: Chapter 7: Passwords Weak BIOS pass
Page 133 and 134: Storing passwords Chapter 7: Passwo
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Page 137 and 138: Linux and UNIX Chapter 7: Passwords
Page 139 and 140: Part III Hacking Network Hosts
Page 141 and 142: In This Chapter ▶ Selecting tools
Page 143 and 144: Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure U
Page 145 and 146: Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure
Page 147 and 148: Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure I
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure 3
Page 151 and 152: Figure 8-3: NetScan- Tools Pro OS F
Page 153 and 154: Figure 8-5: Management interface us
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Page 157 and 158: Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure C
Page 159 and 160: Figure 8-8: Connecting a network an
Page 161 and 162: Figure 8-9: OmniPeek can help uncov
Page 163 and 164: Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure N
Page 165 and 166: Figure 8-12: Selecting your victim
Page 167 and 168: UNIX-based systems Chapter 8: Netwo
Page 169 and 170: Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure W
Page 171 and 172: Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure C
Page 173 and 174: Figure 8-14: Cisco Global Exploiter
Page 175 and 176: In This Chapter ▶ Understanding r
Page 177 and 178: A case study with Joshua Wright on
Page 179: Discovering Wireless LANs Figure 9-
Page 183 and 184: You undoubtedly have various Blueto
Page 185 and 186: Chapter 9: Wireless LANs Airodump a
Page 187 and 188: Figure 9-8: Using Elcomsoft Wireles
Page 189 and 190: Figure 9-10: The Reaver startup win
Page 191 and 192: Figure 9-12: NetStumbler showing po
Page 193 and 194: Figure 9-15: CommView for Wifi show
Page 195 and 196: Chapter 9: Wireless LANs ✓ If pos
Page 197 and 198: Figure 9-17: Looking for the MAC ad
Page 199 and 200: Figure 9-19: Ensure that your SSID
Page 201 and 202: Chapter 9: Wireless LANs encryption
Page 203 and 204: In This Chapter Chapter 10 Mobile D
Page 205 and 206: Chapter 10: Mobile Devices You have
Page 207 and 208: Figure 10-3: Usernames extracted vi
Page 209 and 210: Chapter 10: Mobile Devices Power-on
Page 211 and 212: Figure 10-5: iOS Forensic Toolkit
Page 213 and 214: Chapter 10: Mobile Devices So, havi
Page 215 and 216: Part IV Hacking Operating Systems
Page 217 and 218: In This Chapter ▶ Port scanning W
Page 219 and 220: Choosing Tools Chapter 11: Windows
Page 221 and 222: Chapter 11: Windows Windows XP SP2
Page 223 and 224: Figure 11-2: Gathering detailed vul
Page 225 and 226: Figure 11-5: Using LanGuard to scan
Page 227 and 228: Figure 11-6: Mapping a null session
Page 229 and 230: ✓ Local usernames ✓ Drive share
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Figure 11-9: Default local security
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Figure 11-10: Using LanGuard’s sh
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Figure 11-11: Exploitable vulnerabi
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Figure 11-13: Browsing the availabl
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Figure 11-17: Checking final parame
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Figure 11-19: Metasploit Pro’s gr
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Running Authenticated Scans Figure
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In This Chapter ▶ Examining Linux
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Chapter 12: Linux A tool such as Qu
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Figure 12-3: LanGuard revealing use
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Figure 12-6: Using NetScan Tools Pr
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Figure 12-7: Using Nmap to check ap
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Figure 12-9: Viewing the process ID
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Chapter 12: Linux Hacks using the .
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Chapter 12: Linux ✓ Block spoofed
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Chapter 12: Linux Manual testing Th
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Figure 12-11: /etc/inittab showing
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Figure 12-13: Partial output of the
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Part V Hacking Applications
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In This Chapter ▶ Attacking e-mai
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E-mail bombs Chapter 13: Communicat
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Figure 13-1: Limiting the number of
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Figure 13-4: smtpscan gathers versi
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Figure 13-7: Using EmailVerify to v
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Chapter 13: Communication and Messa
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Manual testing Chapter 13: Communic
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Figure 13-11: Critical information
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Figure 13-15: SiVuS discovered seve
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Figure 13-16: Using Cain & Abel to
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In This Chapter Chapter 14 Websites
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Chapter 14: Websites and Applicatio
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Figure 14-1: Using HTTrack to crawl
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Countermeasures against directory t
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Figure 14-2: Using Firefox Web Deve
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Figure 14-3: Using SPI Proxy to fin
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Figure 14-4: WebInspect discovered
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Figure 14-7: Script code reflected
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Figure 14-9: URL returns an error w
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Figure 14-11: The Brutus tool for t
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Figure 14-13: Using CxDeveloper to
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Chapter 15 Databases and Storage Sy
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The Situation Chapter 15: Databases
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Figure 15-2: Using Cain & Abel to c
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Chapter 15: Databases and Storage S
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Figure 15-3: Using FileLocator Pro
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Chapter 15: Databases and Storage S
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Part VI Ethical Hacking Aftermath
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In This Chapter Chapter 16 Reportin
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Chapter 16: Reporting Your Results
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✓ Summary of the vulnerabilities
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In This Chapter Chapter 17 Plugging
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Patch management Chapter 17: Pluggi
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I was once involved in an incident
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Chapter 18 Managing Security Proces
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Chapter 18: Managing Security Proce
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Part VII The Part of Tens
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Chapter 19 Ten Tips for Getting Upp
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Chapter 19: Ten Tips for Getting Up
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Chapter 19: Ten Tips for Getting Up
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Chapter 20 Ten Reasons Hacking Is t
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Chapter 20: Ten Reasons Hacking Is
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Chapter 21 Ten Deadly Mistakes S ev
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Thinking That You Know It All Chapt
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Appendix Tools and Resources T o st
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Exploits Appendix: Tools and Resour
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Keyloggers Appendix: Tools and Reso
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mailsnarf — www.monkey.org/~dugso
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Appendix: Tools and Resources PortS
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Appendix: Tools and Resources pwdum
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Source Code Analysis Storage Checkm
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Appendix: Tools and Resources NIST
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Windows Appendix: Tools and Resourc
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• A • aboveboard, 11 Abuse.net
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Cobb, Chey (author) Network Securit
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802.11 encryption protocols, 165, 1
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Health Insurance Portability and Ac
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malware, 151, 266-267, 355 Managing
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• P • packet filtering, 156 Pan
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Remember icon, 6 remote access serv
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SUSE, 247 SUSE Linux Security Alert
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Virtual Private Network (VPN) servi
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Apple & Mac iPad 2 For Dummies, 3rd
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