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306 Part V: Hacking Applications Figure 15-1: SQLPing3 can find SQL Server systems and check for missing sa account passwords. ✓ Cain & Abel (www.oxid.it/cain.html) for cracking database password hashes ✓ QualysGuard (www.qualys.com) for performing in-depth vulnerability scans ✓ SQLPing3 (www.sqlsecurity.com/downloads) for locating Microsoft SQL Servers on the network, checking for blank sa (the default SQL Server system administrator account) passwords, and performing dictionary password-cracking attacks You can also use exploit tools, such as Metasploit, for your database testing. Finding databases on the network The first step in discovering database vulnerabilities is to figure out where they’re located on your network. It sounds funny, but many network admins I’ve met aren’t even aware of various databases running in their environments. This is especially true for the free SQL Server Express database software that anyone can download and run on a workstation or test system. I can’t tell you how often I find sensitive production data, such as credit card and Social Security numbers, being used in test databases that are completely wide open to abuse by curious insiders. Using sensitive data in the uncontrolled areas of development and quality assurance (QA) is a data breach waiting to happen. The best tool I’ve found to discover Microsoft SQL Server systems is SQLPing3, shown in Figure 15-1.
The Situation Chapter 15: Databases and Storage Systems A case study in hacking databases with Chip Andrews During a routine penetration test, Mr. Andrews performed the obligatory Google searches, domain name research, operating system fingerprinting, and port scans, but this particular website was locked down tight. Moving on to the web-based application running on the system, he was immediately confronted with a login page using SSL-encrypted forms authentication. By checking the source of the web page, he noticed that a hidden App_Name field was being passed to the application whenever a user attempted to log in to the site. Could it be that the developers might have failed to perform proper input validation on this innocent-looking parameter? The hunt was on. The Outcome First, it was time to assemble the toolkit. At the time of this penetration test, Mr. Andrews preferred to use the following: Paros Proxy, Absinthe, Cain & Abel, Data Thief, and the Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio/SQL Server (Express Edition), all of which are available free. For starters, he used Paros Proxy to allow for more control and visibility to the web requests made to the web server. After spidering the site for available pages and performing a quick vulnerability check for SQL injection, it was confirmed that the App_Name parameter appeared to cause the application to throw an Error 500 exception, indicating an application failure. Penetration tests are one of the rare occasions when an application failure is a desirable outcome. Because the application failure indicated that Mr. Andrews could inject unintended characters into the SQL code being sent from the application to the database, he could see whether it was an exploitable condition. A common test that works with Microsoft SQL Server databases is to inject a command, such as WAITFOR DELAY ’00:00:10’, which causes the database server to stall for 10 seconds. In an application that normally returns a page in one second or less, a consistent 10-second delay is a good indicator that you can inject commands into the SQL stream. Next, Mr. Andrews attempted to use the Data Thief tool to attack the login page. This tool attempts to force the database to use an OPENROWSET command to copy data from the target database to Mr. Andrews’s database located on the Internet. This is usually a very efficient way to siphon large amounts of data from vulnerable databases, but in this case, his attack was foiled! The database administrator at the target had disabled the OPENROWSET functionality by properly configuring the Disable Adhoc Distributed Queries option. With diligence as his watchword, Mr. Andrews persisted with the next tool — Absinthe. This tool uses a technique called blind SQL injection to make determinations about data using simple yes or no questions of the database. For example, the tool might ask the database whether the first letter of a table is less than “L.” If yes, the application might do nothing, but if no, the application might throw an exception. Using this simple binary logic, it is possible to use this technique to reveal the entire database structure and even the data stored inside — albeit very slowly. Using the tool, he identified a table of sensitive customer information and downloaded several hundred records to show the client. (continued) 307
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Hacking FOR DUMmIES‰ 4TH EDITION
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About the Author Kevin Beaver is an
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Mega thanks to Queensrÿche, Rush,
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Contents at a Glance Introduction .
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Table of Contents Introduction ....
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Table of Contents Performing Social
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Table of Contents Gathering Informa
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Table of Contents Part VI: Ethical
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Introduction W elcome to Hacking Fo
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Introduction Before you start hacki
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Introduction well-known vulnerabili
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Part I Building the Foundation for
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Ethical H
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Ethical
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Obeying the Ethical Hacking Command
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Formulating your plan Chapter 1: In
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Chapter 2 Cracking the Hacker Minds
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Malicious attackers often think and
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Chapter 2: Cracking the Hacker Mind
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In This Chapter Chapter 3 Developin
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Chapter 3: Developing Your Ethical
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Attack tree analysis is the process
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Timing Chapter 3: Developing Your E
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In This Chapter Chapter 4 Hacking M
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Chapter 4: Hacking Methodology no o
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Chapter 4: Hacking Methodology ✓
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Chapter 4: Hacking Methodology One
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Chapter 4: Hacking Methodology test
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Figure 4-1: Netcraft’s web server
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Chapter 4: Hacking Methodology docu
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Penetrating the System Chapter 4: H
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Part II Putting Ethical Hacking in
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In This Chapter ▶ Discovering soc
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Chapter 5: Social Engineering A cas
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Chapter 5: Social Engineering Socia
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Chapter 5: Social Engineering Regar
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Chapter 5: Social Engineering years
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✓ Threatening reprimands if reque
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Chapter 5: Social Engineering In so
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Chapter 5: Social Engineering reque
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In This Chapter Chapter 6 Physical
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Chapter 6: Physical Security A Q&A
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Chapter 6: Physical Security ✓ Do
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Chapter 6: Physical Security ✓ Do
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Chapter 6: Physical Security cellul
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Chapter 6: Physical Security ✓ Ke
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In This Chapter ▶ Identifying pas
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Chapter 7: Passwords A case study i
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Chapter 7: Passwords The National V
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Chapter 7: Passwords they should’
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Chapter 7: Passwords ✓ John the R
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Chapter 7: Passwords Dictionary att
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Chapter 7: Passwords this password
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Chapter 7: Passwords Cracking UNIX/
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Chapter 7: Passwords The financial
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Chapter 7: Passwords (www.identityf
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Chapter 7: Passwords Weak BIOS pass
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Storing passwords Chapter 7: Passwo
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Chapter 7: Passwords your systems.
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Linux and UNIX Chapter 7: Passwords
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Part III Hacking Network Hosts
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In This Chapter ▶ Selecting tools
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure U
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure I
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure 3
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Figure 8-3: NetScan- Tools Pro OS F
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Figure 8-5: Management interface us
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure W
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure C
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Figure 8-8: Connecting a network an
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Figure 8-9: OmniPeek can help uncov
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure N
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Figure 8-12: Selecting your victim
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UNIX-based systems Chapter 8: Netwo
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure W
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure C
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Figure 8-14: Cisco Global Exploiter
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In This Chapter ▶ Understanding r
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A case study with Joshua Wright on
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Discovering Wireless LANs Figure 9-
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Figure 9-3: NetStumbler displays de
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You undoubtedly have various Blueto
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Chapter 9: Wireless LANs Airodump a
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Figure 9-8: Using Elcomsoft Wireles
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Figure 9-10: The Reaver startup win
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Figure 9-12: NetStumbler showing po
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Figure 9-15: CommView for Wifi show
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Chapter 9: Wireless LANs ✓ If pos
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Figure 9-17: Looking for the MAC ad
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Figure 9-19: Ensure that your SSID
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Chapter 9: Wireless LANs encryption
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In This Chapter Chapter 10 Mobile D
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Chapter 10: Mobile Devices You have
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Figure 10-3: Usernames extracted vi
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Chapter 10: Mobile Devices Power-on
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Figure 10-5: iOS Forensic Toolkit
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Chapter 10: Mobile Devices So, havi
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Part IV Hacking Operating Systems
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In This Chapter ▶ Port scanning W
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Choosing Tools Chapter 11: Windows
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Chapter 11: Windows Windows XP SP2
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Figure 11-2: Gathering detailed vul
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Figure 11-5: Using LanGuard to scan
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Figure 11-6: Mapping a null session
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✓ Local usernames ✓ Drive share
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Figure 11-9: Default local security
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Figure 11-10: Using LanGuard’s sh
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Figure 11-11: Exploitable vulnerabi
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Figure 11-13: Browsing the availabl
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Figure 11-17: Checking final parame
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Figure 11-19: Metasploit Pro’s gr
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Running Authenticated Scans Figure
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In This Chapter ▶ Examining Linux
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Chapter 12: Linux A tool such as Qu
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Figure 12-3: LanGuard revealing use
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Figure 12-6: Using NetScan Tools Pr
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Figure 12-7: Using Nmap to check ap
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Figure 12-9: Viewing the process ID
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Chapter 12: Linux Hacks using the .
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Chapter 12: Linux ✓ Block spoofed
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Chapter 12: Linux Manual testing Th
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Figure 12-11: /etc/inittab showing
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Figure 12-13: Partial output of the
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Part V Hacking Applications
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In This Chapter ▶ Attacking e-mai
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E-mail bombs Chapter 13: Communicat
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Page 279 and 280: Chapter 13: Communication and Messa
Page 281 and 282: Manual testing Chapter 13: Communic
Page 283 and 284: Figure 13-11: Critical information
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Page 293 and 294: Figure 13-16: Using Cain & Abel to
Page 295 and 296: In This Chapter Chapter 14 Websites
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Page 299 and 300: Figure 14-1: Using HTTrack to crawl
Page 301 and 302: Countermeasures against directory t
Page 303 and 304: Figure 14-2: Using Firefox Web Deve
Page 305 and 306: Figure 14-3: Using SPI Proxy to fin
Page 307 and 308: Figure 14-4: WebInspect discovered
Page 309 and 310: Figure 14-7: Script code reflected
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Page 315 and 316: Figure 14-11: The Brutus tool for t
Page 321 and 322: Figure 14-13: Using CxDeveloper to
Page 323: Chapter 15 Databases and Storage Sy
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Page 331 and 332: Figure 15-3: Using FileLocator Pro
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Page 335 and 336: Part VI Ethical Hacking Aftermath
Page 337 and 338: In This Chapter Chapter 16 Reportin
Page 339 and 340: Chapter 16: Reporting Your Results
Page 341 and 342: ✓ Summary of the vulnerabilities
Page 343 and 344: In This Chapter Chapter 17 Plugging
Page 345 and 346: Patch management Chapter 17: Pluggi
Page 347 and 348: I was once involved in an incident
Page 349 and 350: Chapter 18 Managing Security Proces
Page 351 and 352: Chapter 18: Managing Security Proce
Page 357 and 358: Part VII The Part of Tens
Page 359 and 360: Chapter 19 Ten Tips for Getting Upp
Page 361 and 362: Chapter 19: Ten Tips for Getting Up
Page 363 and 364: Chapter 19: Ten Tips for Getting Up
Page 365 and 366: Chapter 20 Ten Reasons Hacking Is t
Page 367 and 368: Chapter 20: Ten Reasons Hacking Is
Page 369 and 370: Chapter 21 Ten Deadly Mistakes S ev
Page 371 and 372: Thinking That You Know It All Chapt
Page 373 and 374: Appendix Tools and Resources T o st
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Exploits Appendix: Tools and Resour
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Keyloggers Appendix: Tools and Reso
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mailsnarf — www.monkey.org/~dugso
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Appendix: Tools and Resources PortS
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Appendix: Tools and Resources pwdum
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Source Code Analysis Storage Checkm
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Appendix: Tools and Resources NIST
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Windows Appendix: Tools and Resourc
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• A • aboveboard, 11 Abuse.net
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Cobb, Chey (author) Network Securit
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802.11 encryption protocols, 165, 1
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Health Insurance Portability and Ac
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malware, 151, 266-267, 355 Managing
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• P • packet filtering, 156 Pan
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Remember icon, 6 remote access serv
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SUSE, 247 SUSE Linux Security Alert
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Virtual Private Network (VPN) servi
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Apple & Mac iPad 2 For Dummies, 3rd
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