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288 Part V: Hacking Applications The web application might respond in a way that gives attackers more information than they want, such as detailed errors or access into data fields they’re not authorized to access. The invalid input might also cause the application or the server to hang. Similar to the case study earlier in the chapter, hackers can use this information to determine more about the web application and its inner workings, which can ultimately lead to a serious system compromise. If HTTP variables are passed in the URL and are easily accessible, it’s only a matter of time before someone exploits your web application. I once used a web application to manage some personal information that did just this. Because a “name” parameter was part of the URL, anyone could gain access to other people’s personal information by changing the “name” value. For example, if the URL included “name=kbeaver”, a simple change to “name=jsmith” would bring up J. Smith’s home address, Social Security number, and so on. Ouch. I alerted the system administrator to this vulnerability. After a few minutes of denial, he agreed that it was indeed a problem and proceeded to work with the developers to fix it. Code injection can also be carried out against back-end SQL databases — an attack known as SQL injection. Malicious attackers insert SQL statements, such as CONNECT, SELECT, and UNION, into URL requests to attempt to connect and extract information from the SQL database that the web application interacts with. SQL injection is made possible by applications not properly validating input combined with informative errors returned from database servers and web servers. Two general types of SQL injection are standard (also called error-based) and blind. Error-based SQL injection is exploited based on error messages returned from the application when invalid information is input into the system. Blind SQL injection happens when error messages are disabled, requiring the hacker or automated tool to guess what the database is returning and how it’s responding to injection attacks. There’s a quick, fairly reliable way to determine whether your web application is vulnerable to SQL injection. Simply enter a single apostrophe (’) in your web form fields or at the end of the URL. If a SQL error is returned, odds are good that SQL injection is present. You’re definitely going to get what you pay for when it comes to scanning for and uncovering SQL injection with a web vulnerability scanner. As with URL manipulation, you’re much better off running a web vulnerability scanner to check for SQL injection. Figure 14-4 shows numerous SQL injection vulnerabilities discovered by the WebInspect vulnerability scanner.
Figure 14-4: WebInspect discovered SQL injection vulnerabilities. Chapter 14: Websites and Applications When you discover SQL injection vulnerabilities, you might be inclined to stop there. That’s fine. However, I prefer to see how far I can get into the database system. An excellent — and amazingly simple — tool to use for this is SQL Injector, which comes with WebInspect. You simply provide the tool with the suspect URL that your scanner discovered, and the SQL injection process begins, as shown in Figure 14-5. You can click the Get Data or Pump Data buttons in SQL Injector to start dumping information, as shown in Figure 14-6, leading you to the ultimate ethical hacking goal. Acunetix Web Vulnerability Scanner has a similar SQL injection tool built in as well. 289
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Hacking FOR DUMmIES‰ 4TH EDITION
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About the Author Kevin Beaver is an
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Mega thanks to Queensrÿche, Rush,
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Contents at a Glance Introduction .
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Table of Contents Introduction ....
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Table of Contents Performing Social
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Table of Contents Gathering Informa
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Table of Contents Part VI: Ethical
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Introduction W elcome to Hacking Fo
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Introduction Before you start hacki
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Introduction well-known vulnerabili
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Part I Building the Foundation for
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Ethical H
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Ethical
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Obeying the Ethical Hacking Command
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Formulating your plan Chapter 1: In
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Chapter 2 Cracking the Hacker Minds
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Malicious attackers often think and
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Chapter 2: Cracking the Hacker Mind
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In This Chapter Chapter 3 Developin
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Chapter 3: Developing Your Ethical
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Attack tree analysis is the process
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Timing Chapter 3: Developing Your E
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In This Chapter Chapter 4 Hacking M
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Chapter 4: Hacking Methodology no o
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Chapter 4: Hacking Methodology ✓
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Chapter 4: Hacking Methodology One
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Chapter 4: Hacking Methodology test
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Figure 4-1: Netcraft’s web server
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Chapter 4: Hacking Methodology docu
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Penetrating the System Chapter 4: H
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Part II Putting Ethical Hacking in
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In This Chapter ▶ Discovering soc
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Chapter 5: Social Engineering A cas
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Chapter 5: Social Engineering Socia
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Chapter 5: Social Engineering Regar
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Chapter 5: Social Engineering years
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✓ Threatening reprimands if reque
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Chapter 5: Social Engineering In so
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Chapter 5: Social Engineering reque
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In This Chapter Chapter 6 Physical
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Chapter 6: Physical Security A Q&A
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Chapter 6: Physical Security ✓ Do
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Chapter 6: Physical Security ✓ Do
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Chapter 6: Physical Security cellul
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Chapter 6: Physical Security ✓ Ke
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In This Chapter ▶ Identifying pas
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Chapter 7: Passwords A case study i
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Chapter 7: Passwords The National V
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Chapter 7: Passwords they should’
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Chapter 7: Passwords ✓ John the R
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Chapter 7: Passwords Dictionary att
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Chapter 7: Passwords this password
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Chapter 7: Passwords Cracking UNIX/
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Chapter 7: Passwords The financial
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Chapter 7: Passwords (www.identityf
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Chapter 7: Passwords Weak BIOS pass
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Storing passwords Chapter 7: Passwo
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Chapter 7: Passwords your systems.
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Linux and UNIX Chapter 7: Passwords
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Part III Hacking Network Hosts
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In This Chapter ▶ Selecting tools
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure U
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure I
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure 3
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Figure 8-3: NetScan- Tools Pro OS F
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Figure 8-5: Management interface us
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure W
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure C
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Figure 8-8: Connecting a network an
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Figure 8-9: OmniPeek can help uncov
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure N
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Figure 8-12: Selecting your victim
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UNIX-based systems Chapter 8: Netwo
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure W
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure C
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Figure 8-14: Cisco Global Exploiter
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In This Chapter ▶ Understanding r
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A case study with Joshua Wright on
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Discovering Wireless LANs Figure 9-
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Figure 9-3: NetStumbler displays de
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You undoubtedly have various Blueto
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Chapter 9: Wireless LANs Airodump a
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Figure 9-8: Using Elcomsoft Wireles
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Figure 9-10: The Reaver startup win
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Figure 9-12: NetStumbler showing po
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Figure 9-15: CommView for Wifi show
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Chapter 9: Wireless LANs ✓ If pos
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Figure 9-17: Looking for the MAC ad
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Figure 9-19: Ensure that your SSID
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Chapter 9: Wireless LANs encryption
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In This Chapter Chapter 10 Mobile D
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Chapter 10: Mobile Devices You have
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Figure 10-3: Usernames extracted vi
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Chapter 10: Mobile Devices Power-on
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Figure 10-5: iOS Forensic Toolkit
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Chapter 10: Mobile Devices So, havi
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Part IV Hacking Operating Systems
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In This Chapter ▶ Port scanning W
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Choosing Tools Chapter 11: Windows
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Chapter 11: Windows Windows XP SP2
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Figure 11-2: Gathering detailed vul
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Figure 11-5: Using LanGuard to scan
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Figure 11-6: Mapping a null session
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✓ Local usernames ✓ Drive share
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Figure 11-9: Default local security
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Figure 11-10: Using LanGuard’s sh
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Figure 11-11: Exploitable vulnerabi
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Figure 11-13: Browsing the availabl
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Figure 11-17: Checking final parame
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Figure 11-19: Metasploit Pro’s gr
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Running Authenticated Scans Figure
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In This Chapter ▶ Examining Linux
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Chapter 12: Linux A tool such as Qu
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Figure 12-3: LanGuard revealing use
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Figure 12-6: Using NetScan Tools Pr
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Figure 12-7: Using Nmap to check ap
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Page 259 and 260: Chapter 12: Linux ✓ Block spoofed
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Page 263 and 264: Figure 12-11: /etc/inittab showing
Page 265 and 266: Figure 12-13: Partial output of the
Page 267 and 268: Part V Hacking Applications
Page 269 and 270: In This Chapter ▶ Attacking e-mai
Page 271 and 272: E-mail bombs Chapter 13: Communicat
Page 273 and 274: Figure 13-1: Limiting the number of
Page 275 and 276: Figure 13-4: smtpscan gathers versi
Page 277 and 278: Figure 13-7: Using EmailVerify to v
Page 279 and 280: Chapter 13: Communication and Messa
Page 281 and 282: Manual testing Chapter 13: Communic
Page 283 and 284: Figure 13-11: Critical information
Page 291 and 292: Figure 13-15: SiVuS discovered seve
Page 293 and 294: Figure 13-16: Using Cain & Abel to
Page 295 and 296: In This Chapter Chapter 14 Websites
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Page 299 and 300: Figure 14-1: Using HTTrack to crawl
Page 301 and 302: Countermeasures against directory t
Page 303 and 304: Figure 14-2: Using Firefox Web Deve
Page 305: Figure 14-3: Using SPI Proxy to fin
Page 309 and 310: Figure 14-7: Script code reflected
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Page 315 and 316: Figure 14-11: The Brutus tool for t
Page 321 and 322: Figure 14-13: Using CxDeveloper to
Page 323 and 324: Chapter 15 Databases and Storage Sy
Page 325 and 326: The Situation Chapter 15: Databases
Page 327 and 328: Figure 15-2: Using Cain & Abel to c
Page 329 and 330: Chapter 15: Databases and Storage S
Page 331 and 332: Figure 15-3: Using FileLocator Pro
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Page 335 and 336: Part VI Ethical Hacking Aftermath
Page 337 and 338: In This Chapter Chapter 16 Reportin
Page 339 and 340: Chapter 16: Reporting Your Results
Page 341 and 342: ✓ Summary of the vulnerabilities
Page 343 and 344: In This Chapter Chapter 17 Plugging
Page 345 and 346: Patch management Chapter 17: Pluggi
Page 347 and 348: I was once involved in an incident
Page 349 and 350: Chapter 18 Managing Security Proces
Page 351 and 352: Chapter 18: Managing Security Proce
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Part VII The Part of Tens
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Chapter 19 Ten Tips for Getting Upp
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Chapter 19: Ten Tips for Getting Up
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Chapter 19: Ten Tips for Getting Up
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Chapter 20 Ten Reasons Hacking Is t
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Chapter 20: Ten Reasons Hacking Is
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Chapter 21 Ten Deadly Mistakes S ev
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Thinking That You Know It All Chapt
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Appendix Tools and Resources T o st
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Exploits Appendix: Tools and Resour
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Keyloggers Appendix: Tools and Reso
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mailsnarf — www.monkey.org/~dugso
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Appendix: Tools and Resources PortS
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Appendix: Tools and Resources pwdum
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Source Code Analysis Storage Checkm
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Appendix: Tools and Resources NIST
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Windows Appendix: Tools and Resourc
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• A • aboveboard, 11 Abuse.net
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Cobb, Chey (author) Network Securit
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802.11 encryption protocols, 165, 1
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Health Insurance Portability and Ac
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malware, 151, 266-267, 355 Managing
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• P • packet filtering, 156 Pan
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Remember icon, 6 remote access serv
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SUSE, 247 SUSE Linux Security Alert
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Virtual Private Network (VPN) servi
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Apple & Mac iPad 2 For Dummies, 3rd
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