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328 Part VI: Ethical Hacking Aftermath Be sure to check out these patch-automation solutions: ✓ IBM Tivoli Endpoint Manager (www.bigfix.com) ✓ VMware vCenter Protect (www.vmware.com/products/datacentervirtualization/vcenter-protect/overview.html) ✓ Ecora Patch Manager (www.ecora.com/ecora/products/patch manager.asp) ✓ Quest Patch Manager (formerly ScriptLogic Patch Authority Ultimate) (www.quest.com/patch-manager/) ✓ Windows Server Update Services from Microsoft (http://technet. microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/bb332157.aspx) The GFI LanGuard (www.gfi.com/network-security-vulnerabilityscanner) product that I use in this book can check for patches to apply and deploy. Free tools Use one of these free tools to help with automated patching: ✓ Windows Server Update Services (WSUS), found at http://technet. microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/bb332157.aspx ✓ Windows Update, which is built in to Microsoft Windows operating systems ✓ Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer (MBSA), found at www.microsoft. com/technet/security/tools/mbsahome.mspx ✓ The built-in patching tools for Linux-based systems Hardening Your Systems After you patch your systems, you have to make sure your systems are hardened (locked down) from the other security vulnerabilities that patches can’t fix. I’ve found that many people stop with patching, thinking their systems are secure, but that’s just not possible. Throughout the years, I’ve seen network administrators ignore recommended hardening practices from such organizations as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/PubsSPs.html) and the Center for Internet Security (www.cisecurity.org), leaving many security holes wide open. However, I’m a true believer that hardening systems from malicious attack is not foolproof, either. Because every system and every organization’s needs are different, there is no one-size-fits-all solution, so you have to strike a balance and not rely on any single option too much. Chey Cobb’s Network Security For Dummies contains many great resources for hardening various systems on your network.
I was once involved in an incident response project that involved over 10,000 Windows servers and workstations being infected with targeted malware. An advanced persistent threat (APT) had taken a foothold. The business found the infection early on and thought the IT team had cleaned it up. Time passed, and they realized a year or so later they had not cleaned up the entire mess. The malware had come back with a vengeance to the point where their entire network was essentially under surveillance by foreign, state-sponsored, criminal hackers. Paying the piper Chapter 17: Plugging Security Holes After dozens of people spent many hours getting to the root of the problem, it was determined that the IT department had not done what it should’ve been doing in terms of patching and hardening its systems from the get-go. On top of that, there was a serious communication breakdown between IT and other departments, including security, the help desk, and business operations. It was a case of too little too late that ended up getting a very large business into a very large bind. The lesson here is that improperly secured systems can create a tremendous burden on your business. This book presents hardening countermeasures that you can implement for your network, computers, and even physical systems and people. I find these countermeasures work the best for the respective systems. Implementing at least the basic security practices is critical. Whether installing a firewall on the network or requiring users to have strong passwords — you must do the basics if you want any modicum of security. Beyond patching, if you follow the countermeasures I document, add the other well-known security practices for network systems (routers, servers, workstations, and so on) that are freely available on the Internet, and perform ongoing ethical hacking tests, you can rest assured that you’re doing your best to keep your organization’s information secure. Assessing Your Security Infrastructure A review of your overall security infrastructure can add oomph to your systems: ✓ Look at how your network and overall campus are designed. Consider organizational issues, such as whether policies are in place, maintained, or even taken seriously. Physical issues count as well. Do members of management have buy-in on information security and compliance, or do they simply shrug the measure off as an unnecessary expense or barrier to conducting business? ✓ Map your network by using the information you gather from the ethical hacking tests in this book. Updating existing documentation is a major necessity. Outline IP addresses, running services, and whatever 329
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Hacking FOR DUMmIES‰ 4TH EDITION
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About the Author Kevin Beaver is an
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Mega thanks to Queensrÿche, Rush,
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Contents at a Glance Introduction .
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Table of Contents Introduction ....
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Table of Contents Performing Social
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Table of Contents Gathering Informa
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Table of Contents Part VI: Ethical
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Introduction W elcome to Hacking Fo
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Introduction Before you start hacki
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Introduction well-known vulnerabili
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Part I Building the Foundation for
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Ethical H
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Ethical
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Obeying the Ethical Hacking Command
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Formulating your plan Chapter 1: In
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Chapter 2 Cracking the Hacker Minds
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Malicious attackers often think and
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Chapter 2: Cracking the Hacker Mind
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In This Chapter Chapter 3 Developin
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Chapter 3: Developing Your Ethical
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Attack tree analysis is the process
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Timing Chapter 3: Developing Your E
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In This Chapter Chapter 4 Hacking M
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Chapter 4: Hacking Methodology no o
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Chapter 4: Hacking Methodology ✓
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Chapter 4: Hacking Methodology One
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Chapter 4: Hacking Methodology test
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Figure 4-1: Netcraft’s web server
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Chapter 4: Hacking Methodology docu
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Penetrating the System Chapter 4: H
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Part II Putting Ethical Hacking in
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In This Chapter ▶ Discovering soc
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Chapter 5: Social Engineering A cas
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Chapter 5: Social Engineering Socia
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Chapter 5: Social Engineering Regar
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Chapter 5: Social Engineering years
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✓ Threatening reprimands if reque
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Chapter 5: Social Engineering In so
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Chapter 5: Social Engineering reque
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In This Chapter Chapter 6 Physical
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Chapter 6: Physical Security A Q&A
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Chapter 6: Physical Security ✓ Do
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Chapter 6: Physical Security ✓ Do
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Chapter 6: Physical Security cellul
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Chapter 6: Physical Security ✓ Ke
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In This Chapter ▶ Identifying pas
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Chapter 7: Passwords A case study i
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Chapter 7: Passwords The National V
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Chapter 7: Passwords they should’
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Chapter 7: Passwords ✓ John the R
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Chapter 7: Passwords Dictionary att
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Chapter 7: Passwords this password
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Chapter 7: Passwords Cracking UNIX/
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Chapter 7: Passwords The financial
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Chapter 7: Passwords (www.identityf
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Chapter 7: Passwords Weak BIOS pass
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Storing passwords Chapter 7: Passwo
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Chapter 7: Passwords your systems.
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Linux and UNIX Chapter 7: Passwords
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Part III Hacking Network Hosts
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In This Chapter ▶ Selecting tools
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure U
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure I
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure 3
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Figure 8-3: NetScan- Tools Pro OS F
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Figure 8-5: Management interface us
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure W
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure C
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Figure 8-8: Connecting a network an
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Figure 8-9: OmniPeek can help uncov
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure N
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Figure 8-12: Selecting your victim
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UNIX-based systems Chapter 8: Netwo
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure W
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Chapter 8: Network Infrastructure C
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Figure 8-14: Cisco Global Exploiter
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In This Chapter ▶ Understanding r
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A case study with Joshua Wright on
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Discovering Wireless LANs Figure 9-
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Figure 9-3: NetStumbler displays de
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You undoubtedly have various Blueto
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Chapter 9: Wireless LANs Airodump a
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Figure 9-8: Using Elcomsoft Wireles
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Figure 9-10: The Reaver startup win
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Figure 9-12: NetStumbler showing po
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Figure 9-15: CommView for Wifi show
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Chapter 9: Wireless LANs ✓ If pos
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Figure 9-17: Looking for the MAC ad
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Figure 9-19: Ensure that your SSID
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Chapter 9: Wireless LANs encryption
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In This Chapter Chapter 10 Mobile D
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Chapter 10: Mobile Devices You have
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Figure 10-3: Usernames extracted vi
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Chapter 10: Mobile Devices Power-on
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Figure 10-5: iOS Forensic Toolkit
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Chapter 10: Mobile Devices So, havi
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Part IV Hacking Operating Systems
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In This Chapter ▶ Port scanning W
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Choosing Tools Chapter 11: Windows
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Chapter 11: Windows Windows XP SP2
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Figure 11-2: Gathering detailed vul
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Figure 11-5: Using LanGuard to scan
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Figure 11-6: Mapping a null session
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✓ Local usernames ✓ Drive share
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Figure 11-9: Default local security
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Figure 11-10: Using LanGuard’s sh
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Figure 11-11: Exploitable vulnerabi
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Figure 11-13: Browsing the availabl
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Figure 11-17: Checking final parame
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Figure 11-19: Metasploit Pro’s gr
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Running Authenticated Scans Figure
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In This Chapter ▶ Examining Linux
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Chapter 12: Linux A tool such as Qu
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Figure 12-3: LanGuard revealing use
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Figure 12-6: Using NetScan Tools Pr
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Figure 12-7: Using Nmap to check ap
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Figure 12-9: Viewing the process ID
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Chapter 12: Linux Hacks using the .
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Chapter 12: Linux ✓ Block spoofed
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Chapter 12: Linux Manual testing Th
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Figure 12-11: /etc/inittab showing
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Figure 12-13: Partial output of the
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Part V Hacking Applications
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In This Chapter ▶ Attacking e-mai
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E-mail bombs Chapter 13: Communicat
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Figure 13-1: Limiting the number of
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Figure 13-4: smtpscan gathers versi
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Figure 13-7: Using EmailVerify to v
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Chapter 13: Communication and Messa
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Manual testing Chapter 13: Communic
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Figure 13-11: Critical information
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Figure 13-15: SiVuS discovered seve
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Figure 13-16: Using Cain & Abel to
Page 295 and 296: In This Chapter Chapter 14 Websites
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Page 299 and 300: Figure 14-1: Using HTTrack to crawl
Page 301 and 302: Countermeasures against directory t
Page 303 and 304: Figure 14-2: Using Firefox Web Deve
Page 305 and 306: Figure 14-3: Using SPI Proxy to fin
Page 307 and 308: Figure 14-4: WebInspect discovered
Page 309 and 310: Figure 14-7: Script code reflected
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Page 315 and 316: Figure 14-11: The Brutus tool for t
Page 321 and 322: Figure 14-13: Using CxDeveloper to
Page 323 and 324: Chapter 15 Databases and Storage Sy
Page 325 and 326: The Situation Chapter 15: Databases
Page 327 and 328: Figure 15-2: Using Cain & Abel to c
Page 329 and 330: Chapter 15: Databases and Storage S
Page 331 and 332: Figure 15-3: Using FileLocator Pro
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Page 335 and 336: Part VI Ethical Hacking Aftermath
Page 337 and 338: In This Chapter Chapter 16 Reportin
Page 339 and 340: Chapter 16: Reporting Your Results
Page 341 and 342: ✓ Summary of the vulnerabilities
Page 343 and 344: In This Chapter Chapter 17 Plugging
Page 345: Patch management Chapter 17: Pluggi
Page 349 and 350: Chapter 18 Managing Security Proces
Page 351 and 352: Chapter 18: Managing Security Proce
Page 357 and 358: Part VII The Part of Tens
Page 359 and 360: Chapter 19 Ten Tips for Getting Upp
Page 361 and 362: Chapter 19: Ten Tips for Getting Up
Page 363 and 364: Chapter 19: Ten Tips for Getting Up
Page 365 and 366: Chapter 20 Ten Reasons Hacking Is t
Page 367 and 368: Chapter 20: Ten Reasons Hacking Is
Page 369 and 370: Chapter 21 Ten Deadly Mistakes S ev
Page 371 and 372: Thinking That You Know It All Chapt
Page 373 and 374: Appendix Tools and Resources T o st
Page 375 and 376: Exploits Appendix: Tools and Resour
Page 377 and 378: Keyloggers Appendix: Tools and Reso
Page 379 and 380: mailsnarf — www.monkey.org/~dugso
Page 381 and 382: Appendix: Tools and Resources PortS
Page 383 and 384: Appendix: Tools and Resources pwdum
Page 385 and 386: Source Code Analysis Storage Checkm
Page 387 and 388: Appendix: Tools and Resources NIST
Page 389 and 390: Windows Appendix: Tools and Resourc
Page 391 and 392: • A • aboveboard, 11 Abuse.net
Page 393 and 394: Cobb, Chey (author) Network Securit
Page 395 and 396: 802.11 encryption protocols, 165, 1
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Health Insurance Portability and Ac
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malware, 151, 266-267, 355 Managing
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• P • packet filtering, 156 Pan
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Remember icon, 6 remote access serv
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SUSE, 247 SUSE Linux Security Alert
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Virtual Private Network (VPN) servi
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Apple & Mac iPad 2 For Dummies, 3rd
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