PhD Thesis Arne Lüker final version V4 - Cranfield University

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160 Final Discussion, Conclusions and Future Work Furthermore it would be necessary to verify the adopted theory of the localised electron hopping between mixed Mn ions using either electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurement, or inelastic neutron-scattering measurements. At the end it is worth pointing out that localised electron hopping between mixed- valence Mn ions provides a possibility to induce double exchange effects of Mn 2+ and Mn 3+ or Mn 4+ and thus brings about magnetic properties [10]. This may be the mechanism behind the magnetic effect in Mn doped PbTiO3 observed by Kumar et al. [11]. The coexisting of ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties in a single PST thin film would provide a fresh method to obtain multiferroics. 9.1 References 1. P. Du, X. Li, Y. Liu, G. Han, W. Weng; J. Europ. Ceram. Soc. 26, 2147 (2006) 2. X. Sun, H. Huang, S. Wang, M. Li, and X. Zhao; Thin Solid Films 516 (2008) 1308-1312 3. D.S. Shin, S.T. Park, H.S. Choi, I.H. Choi, and J.Y. Lee; Thin Solid Films 354 (1999) 251-255 4. C.C. Lin, L.W. Lai, C.Y. Lin, and T.Y. Tseng; Thin Solid Films 515 (2007) 8005-8008 5. X. Hu, H. Li, Y. Liang, Y. Wie, Z. Yu, D. Marshall, J. Edwards, R. Droopad, X. Zhang, A.A. Demkov, K. Moore, and J. Kulik; Applied Physics Letters 82 (2), 2003 6. Md.N.K. Bhuiyan, H. Kimura, T. Tambo, and C. Tatsuyama; Applied Surface Science 249 (2005) 419-424 7. Y. Wang, C. Ganpule, B.T. Liu, H. Li, K. Mori, B. Hill, M. Wuttig, R. Ramesh, J. Finder, Z. Yu, R. Droopard, and K. Eisenbeiser; Applied Physics Letters 80 (1), 2002 8. B.T. Liu, K. Maki, Y. So, V. Nagarajan, R. Ramesh, J. Lettieri, J.H. Haeni, D.G. Schlom, W. Tian, X.Q. Pan, F.J. Walker, and R.A. Mc Kee; Applied Physics Letters 80 (25), 2002
Sol-Gel derived Ferroelectric Thin Films for Voltage Tunable Applications 9. Y-H-. Chun, C. Fragkiadakis, P. Bao, A. <strong>Lüker</strong>, R.V. Wright, J-S. Hong, P.B. Kirby, Q. Zhang, T.J. Jackson, M.J. Lancester, “Tunable Bandstop Resonators and Filter on Si-Substrate with PST Thin Film by Sol-Gel Deposition”, 38 th European Microwave Conference, EuMC2008 10. J. Yang, X.J. Meng, M.R. Shen, L. Fang, J.L. Wang, T. Lin, J.L. Sun, and J.H. Chu, J. Appl. Phys. 104, 104113 (2008) 11. M. Kumar and K.L. Yadav, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter. 19, 242202 (2007) 161
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Intensity [arb. Units] (g) (f) (e)
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Relative diel. diel. constant Const
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PhD Thesis Arne Lüker final version V4 - Cranfield University

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