PhD Thesis Arne Lüker final version V4 - Cranfield University

Sol-Gel derived Ferroelectric Thin Films for Voltage Tunable Applications
temperature, make the results of these measurements vulnerable. But still, a peak in the
permittivity is a peak. As a reference the permittivity vs. temperature curve of bulk
BaTiO3 was measured, Fig. 3.6, and compared with the well known results from Merz,
Fig. 2.6.
Permittivity [nF]
1,5
1,4
1,3
1,2
1,1
1
0,9
0,8
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Fig. 3.6: Permittivity vs Temperature of bulk BaTiO3. Measured in the Poling Rig.
The result shows that the peaks in permittivity are in the right position compared to
Merz measurements. Therefore this method can be used to measure the transition
temperature qualitative without doubts.
3.2.6 Auger Emission Spectroscopy (AES)
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dow n up
orthorhombic tetragonal
Auger Emission Spectroscopy (AES), or Auger Analysis, is a technique used in the
identification of elements present on the surface of the sample. AES involves the
bombardment of the sample with an energetic primary beam of electrons. This process
generates, among other things, a certain class of electrons known as Auger electrons.
The mechanism by which an Auger electron is released starts with an electron being
ejected by the primary electron beam from its shell, say, the K-shell. Another electron
from an outer shell (say, the L1-level) of the same atom emits energy in the form of a
0
Temperature [°C]
10
20
77