PhD Thesis Arne Lüker final version V4 - Cranfield University

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28 Introduction 8. Erwin Schrödinger, Aus sen Sitzungsberichten der Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathem.-Naturw. Klasse; Bd. CXXI, Abt. Iia, November 1912. Studien üder Kinetik der Dielektrika, dam Schmelzpunkt, Pyro- und Piezoelekrizität. 9. J. Valasek, Phys. Rev. 15, 537 (1920); 17, 475-481 (1920). Piezoelectric and allied phenomena in Rochelle salt. 10. J. Valasek, Phys. Rev. 19, 478-491 (1922); Piezo-electric activity of Rochelle salt under various conditions. 11. G. Steulmann, Z. Phys. 77, 114-116 (1932). Die Dielektrizitätskonstante einer Anzahl von Kaliumsalzen und Alkalihalogeniden. 12. J. West, Z. Krist. 74, 306 (1930). A quantitative X-Ray Analysis of the Structure of Potassium-Dihydrogen-Phosphate (KH2PO4) 13. G. Busch and P. Scherrer, Naturwiss. 23, 737 (1935). Eine neue Seignetteelektrische Substanz 14. G. Busch, Helv. Phys. Acta 11, 269-298 (1938). Neue Seignette-Elektrika. 15. J.C. Slater, J. Chem. Phys. 9, 16-33 (1941). Theory of the Transition of KH2PO4. 16. H. Thurnaurer and J. Deaderick, U.S. Patent 2,429,588, Oct. 21, 1947, filed Oct. 2 1941 17. A. von Hippel, R.G. Breckenbridge, F.G. Chesley, and L. Tisza, Ind. Eng. Chem. 38, 1097 (1946) 18. B. Wul and J.M. Goldman, C.R. Acad. Sci. URSS 51, 21 (1946) 19. W. Känzig, Helv. Phys. Acta 24, 175 (1951) 20. A.F. Devonshire, Phil. Mag. 40, 1040 (1949), Phil. Mag. 42, 1065 (1951) 21. H.D. Megaw, Ferroelectricity in Crystals. London: Methuen & Co., Ltd., 1957, p. 2 22. C.J. Bringer and G.W. Scherer, Sol-gel science: The physics and chemistry of sol- gel processing, Academic Press: London 1990. 23. W.H. Gourdin and W.D. Kingery, J. Field Archaeology, 2, 133 (1976) 24. W.D. Kingery, P.B Vandiver and M. Pricket, J. Field Archaeology, 15, 219 (1988)
Sol-Gel derived Ferroelectric Thin Films for Voltage Tunable Applications 25. J. Smeaton, Narrative of the building etc. of the Eddystone Lighthouse, London 1791 26. J.B. von Helmont, De lithiase, Amstelodami, 28 (1644) 27. T. Bergman, “De terra silicea“, Upsala 1779 28. J.J. Ebelman, Ann. Chim. Phys., 16, 129 (1846) 29. L. Troost and P. Hautefeuille, Ann. Chim. Phys., 7, 452 (1876) 30. E. Grimaux, Bull. Soc. Chim., 41, 50, 157 (1884) 31. W.A. Patrick, “Silica gel and process of making same” U.S. patent 1,297,724 (1919) 32. W.A. Patrick, “Catalyst” British Patent 208,656 (1923) 33. (a selection) W.A. Patrick, “Adsorbent and catalyst oxides” U.S. Patent 1,520,305 (1924); “Porous catalytic gels” U.S. Patent 1,577,186 (1926); “Gels for catalytic and absorbent purposes” U.S. Patent 1.577,190 (1926); “Tungstic oxide gel” U.S. Patent 1,682,239 (1928); “Stannic oxide gel” U.S. Patent 1,682,240 (1928); “Aluminum oxide gel” U.S. Patent 1,682,241 (1928); “Titanium oxide gel” U.S. Patent 1,682,242 (1928); “Catalytic and absorbent gel” U.S. Patent 1,696,644 (1928); “Tungsten oxide gel” U.S. Patent 1,848,266 (1932) 34. S.Gevorgian, in Electroceramic-Based MEMS, edited by N. Setter (Springer, New York, 2005), chap. 7, p. 133 35. A. Vorobiev, P. Rundquist, K. Khamchane, and S. Gevorgian, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 3144 (2003) 36. V.E. Demidov, B. A. Kalinikos, S. F. Karmanenko, A. A. Semenov, and P. Edenhofer, IEEE Trans.. Microwave Theory Tech. 51, 2090 (2003) 37. Q. X. Jia, J. R. Groves, P. Arendt, Y. Fan, A. T. Findikoglu, S. R. Foltyn, H. Jiang, and F. A. Miranda, Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1564 (1999) 38. S. Gevorgian, S. Abadei, H. Berg, and H. Jacobsson, IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig. 2, 1195 (2001) 39. H. H. Fiallo, J. P. Dougherty, S. J. Jang, R. E. Newnham, and L. A. Carpenter, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 42, 1176 (1994) 40. S. Gevorgian and E. Kollberg, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 49, 2117 (2001) 29
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Sol-Gel derived Ferroelectric Thin
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Intensity [arb. Units] (g) (f) (e)
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Relative diel. diel. constant Const
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Intensity [arb. Units] Intensity [a
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Tunability [%] 100 90 80 70 60 50 4
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(g) (f) (e) (d) (c) (b) (a) Sol-Gel
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