Advanced Wind Turbine Program Next Generation Turbine ... - NREL

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Figure 22. POC Main Control Cabinet ........................................................................................ 49 Figure 23. POC 34-m Blade Planform......................................................................................... 51 Figure 24. NGT POC Airfoil Family........................................................................................... 52 Figure 25. 18% Airfoil Model in the WSU Wind Tunnel Test .................................................... 52 Figure 26. Prototype Set of the GE34a Blades at Tecsis ............................................................. 53 Figure 27. Static Blade Tests ........................................................................................................ 54 Figure 28. Static Blade Test Setup................................................................................................ 54 Figure 29. NWTC Fatigue Test Setup ......................................................................................... 55 Figure 30. POC Hub ..................................................................................................................... 56 Figure 31. POC Turbine Rotor Being Installed ........................................................................... 57 Figure 32. POC Turbine Installed in Tehachapi, California ......................................................... 57 Figure 33. Comparison of Theoretical and Measured POC Power Curves .................................. 58 Figure 34. Comparison of the POC Noise Levels to Historical Levels ........................................ 59 Figure 35. Comparison of Noise Levels and Rotor Tip Speeds ................................................... 60 Figure 36. Benefits to COE from Increasing Rotor Size and Turbine Rating .............................. 64 Figure 37. Predicted Power Performance for the EMD1.5/77 Turbine ....................................... 65 Figure 38. EMD 37-m (GE37a) Blade.......................................................................................... 66 Figure 39. EMD Tower-Top Accelerometer Package ................................................................. 68 Figure 40. Flowchart of the EMD Tower Top Accelerometer Feedback .................................... 68 Figure 41. EMD Turbine Installed in Tehachapi, California........................................................ 71 Figure 42. Comparison of Theoretical and Measured EMD Power Curves ................................. 71 Figure 43. Comparison of the EMD Noise Levels to Historical Levels ....................................... 73 Figure 44. Leverage of USDOE R&D Funding by GE Wind Energy.......................................... 74 Figure 45. Return on Investment of NREL Funds in GE Wind................................................... 74 List of Tables Table 1. Summary of the Key Drive Train Design Parameters and Configurations Options......... 6 Table 2. Summary of Drivetrain Configurations Investigated........................................................ 7 Table 3. Proof of Concepts Turbine Configuration Description................................................... 42 Table 4. Summary of Required Airfoil Characteristics ................................................................ 51 Table 5. Test Equivalent Damage ................................................................................................. 56 Table 6. Engineering & Manufacturing Development Turbine Configuration ............................ 62 vii
List of Symbols and Abbreviations ALC Asymmetric Load Controller CSI Current Source Inverter DOE Department of Energy EMD Engineering & Manufacturing Development GE General Electric Corp. GL Germanischer Lloyd GW Gigawatts (power) GWh Gigawatt·hours (energy) Hz Hertz (cycles per second) IGBT Integrated Gate Bipolar Transistor kg Kilograms (mass) kV Kilovolts kVA Kilovolt-amps kW Kilowatts (power) kWh Kilowatt·hours (energy) MW Megawatts (power) MWh Megawatt·hours (energy) NGT Next Generation Turbine NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory NWTC National Wind Technology Center POC Proof of Concepts PWM Pulse-width modulated SCR Silicon Controlled Rectifier VAC Volts, Alternating Current VAR Volt-amps, reactive (reactive power) VSCF Variable Speed Constant Frequency VSI Voltage source inverter viii
Page 1 and 2: National Renewable Energy Laborator
Page 3 and 4: NOTICE This report was prepared as
Page 5 and 6: Abstract This document reports the
Page 7 and 8: In addition to innovations resultin
Page 9: 3.2.3 Mechanical Loads Testing of t
Page 13 and 14: The SOW also stipulates that GE see
Page 15 and 16: 2.1 Electromechanical Systems Conce
Page 17 and 18: Table 1. Summary of the Key Drive T
Page 19 and 20: 2.1.1 Conventional-Speed Generators
Page 21 and 22: other than the wound rotor inductio
Page 23 and 24: offer compelling advantages to COE.
Page 25 and 26: cluded that the same would likely b
Page 27 and 28: cannot be designed for unity power
Page 29 and 30: Figure 5. Fatigue Damage Equivalent
Page 31 and 32: 2.3 Rotor and Structural Design Con
Page 33 and 34: 2.3.1.1 Upwind Rotor Blade and Towe
Page 35 and 36: Percent Change in Load Percent Chan
Page 37 and 38: the other three combinations of rot
Page 39 and 40: Percent Reduction in Component of F
Page 41 and 42: Design rules were used to estimate
Page 43 and 44: formed using the baseline rotor des
Page 45 and 46: duce an average flapwise deflection
Page 47 and 48: would be to reduce the COE by reduc
Page 49 and 50: 2.3.5 Boundary Layer Control GE com
Page 51 and 52: Perhaps the most important outcome
Page 53 and 54: Table 3. Proof of Concepts Turbine
Page 55 and 56: Figure 16. Schematic of the Proof o
Page 57 and 58: • Measure thermal characteristics
Page 59 and 60: Figure 21. POC Drive Train on the N
Page 61 and 62:
• The lift and drag characteristi
Page 63 and 64:
Figure 24. NGT POC Airfoil Family F
Page 65 and 66:
One of the prototype blades was ini
Page 67 and 68:
least 20 years of equivalent loadin
Page 69 and 70:
3.2.1 Power Performance Testing of
Page 71 and 72:
Maxi mum Ti p Speed (m/s) Sound Pow
Page 73 and 74:
Table 6. Engineering & Manufacturin
Page 75 and 76:
GE briefly considered the costs and
Page 77 and 78:
Figure 38. EMD 37-m (GE37a) Blade 6
Page 79 and 80:
Development of the concept required
Page 81 and 82:
Bench tests verified PLC control mo
Page 83 and 84:
4.3.2 Mechanical Loads Testing of t
Page 85 and 86:
5 Commercialization of GE NGT Techn
Page 87:
F1146-E(12/2004) REPORT DOCUMENTATI
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