Advanced Wind Turbine Program Next Generation Turbine ... - NREL

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Gen. Torque (Nm) 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 PI(D) control of speed by blade pitch, max. torque saturated min. torque saturated blades saturated at fine pitch max. torque saturated PI control of speed blades saturated at fine pitch by generator torque, blades saturated at Optimal tip speed fine pitch PI control of speed ratio tracking by generator torque, blades saturated at Swith over max. min. fine pitch torque saruration -2000 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 Gen. Speed (rpm) Figure 22. POC Main Control Cabinet 3.1.4 POC 34-m Rotor Blade Design and Testing The POC1.5/70.5 configuration uses 34-m blades (GE34a), as shown in Figure 23. The GE34a blade employs a family of airfoils custom designed as part of the NGT project for the POC turbine. GE personnel and consultants designed a family of airfoils with the characteristics summarized in Table 4. In addition to the quantitative drivers shown in the table, GE also required that: 49
• The lift and drag characteristics of the airfoils with leading edge surface roughness should be optimized, as opposed to “clean” performance. • Given all other design constraints, the designs should seek to maximize the lift-to-drag ratio of each airfoil section. • The airfoils should be designed as a family such that they can be physically blended into a smooth rotor blade surface. • The maximum lift coefficients should be insensitive to leading edge surface roughness. The six airfoils produced by this effort (14%, 18%, 24%, 27%, 30%, and 45% thick sections) are shown in Figure 24. These airfoils have been patented in the U.S. (USPTO Number 6,503,058), Europe (EPO Number 1152148A1), and internationally (WIPO Number WO 01/83983A1). Models of three of the NGT Airfoils (the 18%, 24%, and 30% thick sections) were actually built and tested. The models were designed and fabricated by subcontractors in response to requirements established by GE. The testing was performed in the Wichita State University (WSU) 7 x 10-foot Low-Speed <strong>Wind</strong> Tunnel (LSWT). Each model was nominally 84 inches long with a chord of 36 inches, and was mounted vertically in a floor-to-ceiling arrangement in the LSWT test section. 50
Page 1 and 2:
National Renewable Energy Laborator
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NOTICE This report was prepared as
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Abstract This document reports the
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In addition to innovations resultin
Page 9 and 10: 3.2.3 Mechanical Loads Testing of t
Page 11 and 12: List of Symbols and Abbreviations A
Page 13 and 14: The SOW also stipulates that GE see
Page 15 and 16: 2.1 Electromechanical Systems Conce
Page 17 and 18: Table 1. Summary of the Key Drive T
Page 19 and 20: 2.1.1 Conventional-Speed Generators
Page 21 and 22: other than the wound rotor inductio
Page 23 and 24: offer compelling advantages to COE.
Page 25 and 26: cluded that the same would likely b
Page 27 and 28: cannot be designed for unity power
Page 29 and 30: Figure 5. Fatigue Damage Equivalent
Page 31 and 32: 2.3 Rotor and Structural Design Con
Page 33 and 34: 2.3.1.1 Upwind Rotor Blade and Towe
Page 35 and 36: Percent Change in Load Percent Chan
Page 37 and 38: the other three combinations of rot
Page 39 and 40: Percent Reduction in Component of F
Page 41 and 42: Design rules were used to estimate
Page 43 and 44: formed using the baseline rotor des
Page 45 and 46: duce an average flapwise deflection
Page 47 and 48: would be to reduce the COE by reduc
Page 49 and 50: 2.3.5 Boundary Layer Control GE com
Page 51 and 52: Perhaps the most important outcome
Page 53 and 54: Table 3. Proof of Concepts Turbine
Page 55 and 56: Figure 16. Schematic of the Proof o
Page 57 and 58: • Measure thermal characteristics
Page 59: Figure 21. POC Drive Train on the N
Page 63 and 64: Figure 24. NGT POC Airfoil Family F
Page 65 and 66: One of the prototype blades was ini
Page 67 and 68: least 20 years of equivalent loadin
Page 69 and 70: 3.2.1 Power Performance Testing of
Page 71 and 72: Maxi mum Ti p Speed (m/s) Sound Pow
Page 73 and 74: Table 6. Engineering & Manufacturin
Page 75 and 76: GE briefly considered the costs and
Page 77 and 78: Figure 38. EMD 37-m (GE37a) Blade 6
Page 79 and 80: Development of the concept required
Page 81 and 82: Bench tests verified PLC control mo
Page 83 and 84: 4.3.2 Mechanical Loads Testing of t
Page 85 and 86: 5 Commercialization of GE NGT Techn
Page 87: F1146-E(12/2004) REPORT DOCUMENTATI
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