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A. Kulbickas / Medical Physics in the Baltic States 7 (2009) 30 - 33 (2007) p. 129-135. (d) J. Sabataityte, I. Simkiene, G.-J. Babonas, A. Reza, A. Suchodolskis, M. Baran, R. Szymczak, R. Vaisnoras, L. Rasteniene, V. Golubev, D. Kurdyukov Modification of photonic properties of porphyrin-infiltrated opal crystals, Photonics and Nanostructures- Fundamentals and Applications 5, 2007. p. 125- 128.(e) J. Sabataityte, I. Simkiene, A. Reza, G.-J. Babonas, R. Vaisnoras, L. Rasteniene, D. Kurdyukov, V. Golubev Studies of opal crystals with iron porphyrin, Superlat. Microstr 44, 2008. p. 664-669. 3. I Minevičiūtė˙, V. Gulbinas ,, M.Franckevičius , R. Vaišnoras , M. Marcos , J.L. Serrano , Exciton migration and quenching in poly(propylene imine) dendrimers, Chemical Physics 359 (2009) p. 65-70 4. K. W. Sun, J. Y. Wang, and T. Y. Ko, Raman spectroscopy of single nanodiamond: Phononconfinement effects, Appl Phys Lett, 92, 2008. p. 153115-3. 5. Stacey A, Aharonovich I, Prawer S and Butler J E Controlled synthesis of high quality micro/nanodiamonds by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition Diamond Relat. Mater. 18, 2009. p. 51- 55. 6. R.Z. Yu , H.A. Ma , Z.Z. Liang , W.Q. Liu , Y.J. Zheng , X. Jia, HPHT synthesis of diamond with high concentration nitrogen using powder catalyst with additive Ba(N3)2 Diamond Relat. Mater. 17, 2008. p. 180-184. 7. Kennedy T A, Colton J S, Butler J E, Linares R C and Doering P J, Long coherence times at 300 K for nitrogen-vacancy center spins in diamond grown by chemical vapour deposition Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 2003. p. 4190–4192. 8. .P.Boudoul et all, High yield fabrication of fluorescent nanodiamonds, Nanotechnology 20, 2009. 235602 (11pp). 9. H.Yokoyama, Handbook of Liquid Crystal Research (Oxford University Press, New York, 1997), Chap.6./ B. Jerome, Surface effects and 33 anchoring in liquid crystals, Rep.Prog.Phys. 54, 1991. p. 391–451. 10. K. Kočevar, R. Blinc, and I. Muševič, Atomic force microscope evidence for the existence of smecticlike surface layers in the isotropic phase of a nematic liquid crystal, Phys.Rev. E 62, 2000. p. R3055–R3058. 11. K. Kočevar, A. Borštnik, I. Muševič, and S. Žumer, Capillary Condensation of a Nematic Liquid Crystal Observed by Force Spectroscopy, Phys.Rev.Lett. 86, 2001. p. 5914–5917. 12. B. Zalar, S. Žumer and D. Finotello, Deuteron NMR Study of Monolayer Thick Films of Nematogenic Molecules, Phys.Rev.Lett. 84, 2000. p. 4866–4869. 13. A.V.Zakharov and R.Dong, Surface polarization and effective anchoring energy in liquid crystals, Phys.Rev. E 64, 2001. p. 042701–4. 14. G.Balasubramanian, P.Neumann, D.Twitchen, M.Markham, R.Kolesov, N.Mizuochi, J.Isoya, J.Achard, J.Beck, J.Tissler, V.Jacques V, PR.Hemmer, F.Jelezko, J.Wrachtrup, Ultralong spin coherence time in isotopically engineered diamond, Nat Mater 8, 2009. p. 383–387. 15. G.Davies, M.F. Hamer, Optical Studies of the 1.945 eV Vibronic Band in Diamond Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 348, 1976. p. 285–298. 16. A.Gruber, A.Dräbenstedt, C.Tietz, L.Fleury, J.Wrachtrup,C.von Borczyskowski, Science 276, 1997. p. 2012–2014. 17. F.Jelezko, C.Tietz, A.Gruber I.Popa, A.Nizovtsev , S.Kilin, J. Wrachtrup, Spectroscopy of Single N-V Centers in Diamond, Single Mol.2, 2001. p. 255– 260. 18. F.Treussart, V.Jacques, E.Wu, T.Gacoin, P.Grangier, J.F.Roch, Photoluminescence of single colour defects in 50nm diamond nanocrystals , Physica B 376, 2006. p. 926–929. 19. A.D.Greentree, B.A.Fairchild, F.M.Hossain, S.Prawer, Diamond integrated quantum photonics, Materials today 11, 2008. p. 22–31.
MEDICAL PHYSICS IN <strong>THE</strong> BALTIC STATES 7 (2009) Proceedings of International Conference “Medical Physics 2009” 8 - 10 October 2009, Kaunas, Lithuania PPI DENDRIMERS ENCAPSULATED WITH SILVER NANOPARTICLES AS CARRIERS FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS Marius FRANCKEVIČIUS Liquid Crystals Laboratory, Faculty of Physics and Technology, Vilnius Pedagogical University, Studentu 39, LT- 08106 Vilnius, Lithuania. Email: marius.franckevicius@yahoo.com Abstract: Poly(propylene-imine) PPI dendrimers incorporated with silver nanoparticles were studied. Optical spectra of fourth generation liquid crystalline poly(propylene-imine) PPI dendrimer with antimicrobial silver nanoparticles in chloroform solution were investigated. Shift of plasmon resonance peak towards to IR region about 20 nm in the liquid crystalline poly(propylene-imine) PPI-silvernanoparticle system was observed. Keywords: liquid crystalline dendrimers, encapsulated dendrimers, silver nanoparticles, absorption 1. Introduction Nanoparticles have distinguished possibility to be applied for diagnostics and targeted therapy. There exist many nanostructures with possible applications for targeting into cell, but in this study we orient on to dendrimers, which are soft polymeric nanostructures that offer structural flexibility and possibility to incorporate nanoparticles [1]. Dendrimers are perfect biofriendly, non-toxic, monodisperse organics macromolecules, with highly branched, and well defined chemical structure [2]. Dendrimers are a relatively new group of polymeric macromolecules, and have considerable interest to biomedical researchers because of their desired properties manipulation possibility during the synthesis. All bonds in dendrimers emerge radially from a central core to which monomers are attached. For the synthesis of dendrimers divergent and convergent strategy can be applied, therefore periphery and interior of dendrimer can distinguish big differences in features. Chemical and physical properties of dendrimers can be varied and optimized, therefore they show potential for medical applications. Typical size of these compounds varies from 1 to about 10nm [3] that it’s possible to diffuse dendrimers through biological membranes [4]. Comparing lower generation dendrimers with higher generations tend to adopt spherical surface containing empty spaces in the interior. The empty spaces could host a guest molecules, drugs or nanoparticles [5]. This feature is very important when we talk about dendrimers as drug carriers, templates for nanoparticles synthesis and possible holders in wide range of nanosized materials. Drugs can be covalently coupled to the 34 dendrimer surface or complexed within the interior because there are many terminal groups to which drug molecules can be conjugated. Encapsulation of drugs inside dendrimers offer potential benefits such as prolonging the circulation time in the blood, protecting unstable drugs from the environment, enhancing the solubility of poorly soluble drugs, achieving controlled release and tissue targeting. It’s also known that silver is efficient antimicrobial agent [6, 7]. Therefore usefulness of these low toxic, noble metal nanoparticles is very important for medical applications. On other hand silver nanoparticles exhibit the highest efficiency of plasmon resonance of all other known metal nanoparticles. Optical properties of metal nanoparticles originate from collective oscillations of conductor electrons, which are termed surface plasmon polariton resonances after excitation by electromagnetics radiation [8]. There exist many works in which optical properties of silver nanoparticles were studied [9, 10]. Recently were demonstrated, dendrimers are an effective polymeric cage for the preparation noble metal nanoparticles – referred as dendrimer metal nanocomposites [11]. Metal nanoparticles can be formed in the dendrimer interior or on periphery, it’s depending on the metal which is used to the synthesis, the type of reaction core and on the peripheral functional groups of the dendrimer [12]. In some cases hybrid systems when they are composed from organic-organic or organic-inorganic composites are very interesting for many applications: in membrane technology, drug delivery, sensors technology and etc. [13]. Synthesis of these hybrid systems were described and characterized by some groups for different
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