Neo-Bonapartism? A parallel between Nicolas Sarkozy and ...

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Table of contents Prologue Neo-Bonapartism? A parallel between Nicolas Sarkozy and Napoleon III I. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 8 II. Chapter I: Strong political governance whose oligarchic regime relies upon popular plebiscites and promotes conservatism .................................................................................... 14 1. Legitimacy: a combination of both the Universal Suffrage System and populism ............ 14 2. An oligarchic political regime: the centralization of powers relying on two main allies (religion and army/police). .................................................................................................... 21 3. A revival of conservatism: authoritarianism, nationalism, and order ................................ 32 III. Chapter II: An economic policy aiming at modernizing the country via advocating a neomercantilist liberal approach...................................................................................................... 37 1. A selectively dirigist state relying on a neo-liberal mercantilist approach ........................ 37 2. The closeness vis a vis the business milieu and a magnanimous relation to money. ....... 49 IV. Chapter III: A lively and dirigiste political communication sustained by interest ties with the media owners ........................................................................................................................ 53 1. A lively and squared monitoring of the media ................................................................... 53 2. A purposefully-designed communication strategy. ........................................................... 62 3. Beyond Bonapartism: Sarkozy’s own contribution in shaping a new political communication in France ..................................................................................................... 69 V. Chapter IV: A hyperactive foreign policy dedicated to France’s glory and oscillating between humanistic and Realpolitik considerations ............................................................... 78 1. A Grands Plans policy extending the geopolitical space of France’s influence ................ 78 2. A double-level standard: Humanist discourses versus Realpolitik moves ........................ 95 VI. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 99 VII. References .................................................................................................................................110 VI. Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................128 A website dedicated to this project is available starting Dec 7 th 2010 at: http://www.aui.ma/personal/~Y.Assaoui/ 2
Prologue Neo-Bonapartism? A parallel between Nicolas Sarkozy and Napoleon III The early years… Or the long and uneven path toward supreme power “Probably the most profound insight of the post-1960s women’s movement has been its recognition that "the personal is political": this well-known quotation of the Australian-born British activist Peter Tatchell, initially referring to the post-WWII feminist movements in Europe, was abundantly quoted at the service of the personal/political equation. In fact, this very quote served as the contemporary standard of the Lockean tradition of the theory of mind which outlined not only the correlation but also the causation between the personal experiences and the emergence of a given political consciousness. It is from this very theoretical lens that both Louis Napoleon Bonaparte’s and Nicolas Sarkozy’s respective journeys toward the highest position in French politics will be examined via three main parallelisms rooted in their personal backgrounds. The first battle to be fought for these two politicians started from the cradle, yet for different reasons. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte endured until his last breathe the accusations of illegitimacy related to his supposedly non-belonging to the Bonapartes’ bloodline. In fact, his mother’s - Hortense De Beauharnais (Napoleon’s stepdaughter) – libertarian way of life reinforced the rumors of romantic and extra-marital liaisons; even in official reports and correspondence 1 . The lack of physical resemblances between the little Louis Charles and his imperial uncle and their extreme dissemblance in terms of temperament and character (a fact 1 Confer the French ambassador at The Hague’s report dated of April 21 st , 1808, as cited by Thompson, 1967. A website dedicated to this project is available starting Dec 7 th 2010 at: http://www.aui.ma/personal/~Y.Assaoui/ 3
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