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Neo-Bonapartism? A parallel between Nicolas Sarkozy and ...

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<strong>Neo</strong>-<strong>Bonapartism</strong>? A <strong>parallel</strong> <strong>between</strong> <strong>Nicolas</strong> <strong>Sarkozy</strong> <strong>and</strong> Napoleon III<br />

Chapter III: A lively <strong>and</strong> dirigiste political communication sustained by<br />

interest ties with the media owners<br />

« Oui, on se réveillera ! Oui, on sortira de cette torpeur, qui, pour un tel peuple, est la honte :<br />

et qu<strong>and</strong> la France sera réveillée, qu<strong>and</strong> elle ouvrira les yeux, qu<strong>and</strong> elle distinguera, qu<strong>and</strong><br />

elle verra ce qu'elle a devant elle et à côté d'elle, elle reculera, cette France, avec un<br />

frémissement terrible, devant ce monstrueux forfait qui a osé l'épouser dans les ténèbres et<br />

dont elle a partagé le lit.<br />

Les sceptiques sourient et insistent ; ils disent : « N'espérez rien. Ce régime, selon vous, est la<br />

honte de la France. Regardez donc la tribune, la presse, l'intelligence, la parole, la pensée, tout<br />

ce qui était la liberté, a disparu. Hier cela remuait, cela s'agitait, cela vivait, aujourd'hui cela<br />

est pétrifié. Eh bien, on est content, on s'accommode de cette pétrification, on en tire parti, on<br />

y fait ses affaires, on vit là-dessus comme à l'ordinaire. Ne vous faites pas illusion, ceci est<br />

solide, ceci est stable, ceci est le présent et l’avenir. »<br />

Victor Hugo, Napoléon le Petit, 1863.<br />

I. A lively <strong>and</strong> squared monitoring of the media:<br />

Thought the last monarch <strong>and</strong> the latest president of the Hexagon experienced <strong>and</strong><br />

evolved in dissimilar media environments, their respective relationship with the fourth power<br />

<strong>and</strong> the degree of freedom they conceded to it are interesting to compare since again<br />

Napoleon III’s background in that domain seems inspirational for <strong>Sarkozy</strong>. Before h<strong>and</strong>ling this<br />

cross-centuries comparative analysis, two limiting criteria should be taken into account to<br />

adjust the analytical lens: first the almost unlimited room for maneuver of the emperor in<br />

comparison with <strong>Sarkozy</strong>’s inheritance of a matured media system <strong>and</strong> second the very nature<br />

of the media <strong>and</strong> their evolving role in shaping political leadership in France.<br />

This being said, it is worth highlighting the fact that the main mass medium of the mid<br />

nineteenth century was the press, a tool of communication the emperor happened to know<br />

A website dedicated to this project is available starting Dec 7 th 2010 at: http://www.aui.ma/personal/~Y.Assaoui/<br />

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