Download this file - TwileShare

The Pelopoiiiiesiaiis, with 77 ships, coast us fur as I'auoriiius ; while Phoniiio, willi liis original 20 ships, is I3 ing
off lihiuin, iioai- Moljcrium.
A battle is foiceil on in the Gulf, the Peloponnesians getting the best of it at first, and ending in a brilliant victory
for the Athenians. The Peloponnesians retire to Corinth ; and tlie stjuadron from Crete reinforces Phormio.
Brasidas at Corinth resolves to surprise the Piraeus ; but attacks, instead, Kudoruni
island. On appixjach of the Athenians, he, with his force, gets safely liack to Nisaea.
in Salaniis, and ravages the
Phormio goes from Naupactus to Astacus ; marches into Acarnania, does damage and returns to Athens in the spring.
Sitalces, King of ihc Odrysae, an ally of Athens, sets out against Perdiccas, in order to bring the Thrace-ward
Chalcidicians into subjection. Advancing over Mount Cereine, he reaches Dobera in Pueonia, takes Idomcnc,
Gortynia and Atalanta, but Kuropus resists. He ravages Mygdonia, Crestonia, and Anthennis, and, after sending a
force into Chalcidice and Uottiaea, retires, as no Athenian ships arrive to assist him.
he is resisted by Athenian cavalry and soon retires.
428.—Archidamus again invades Attica ;
Premature revolt of Mytilcne and all Leslms except Methynina. Forty ships are despatched from Athens to effect a
surprise ; Athenians encamp off Malea, and light an indecisive battle, establisliing a blockade of Mytilcne.
Mityleneans try to take Methynnia.
Pelojjonnesians muster at the Isthmus and drag their ships overland to attack Attica. The Athenians muster 100
ships, in addition to the ;jO, «itli Asopius, w Inch were ravaging Laconia ; whereupon the Peloponnesians give up the
expedition.
Asopius, with 30 Athenian ships, sails to Acarnania, and ravaging the Peloponnesus on his way, reaches
Naupactus with 1'2, sending the rest back. He devastates Oeniadae on the Achelous, then goes to Leucas, where he
suffers defeat and the fleet returns.
Lysioles is despatched from Athens to levj- money on the coast of Asia. He is killed on his march from Myus
in Caria.
Sally of 220 Plataeans, who escape and reach Athens by way of Hysiae and Erythrae.
427.— Platiea surrenders, is rased to the grouml, and the inhaliitants butchered.
Peloponnesians send 42 sliii)S to relieve Mytilcne. Hearing the place had surrendered they make for Endxitum, after
touching at Uelus, Icarus, and Myconus. Thence they proceed to Myonnesus and E|)hesus ; from the latter place
they take to fliglit, pursued by the Athenians, under Paches, as far as Patmns ; off Crete they are disperseil by a
storm, and finalh' seek refuge at Cyllcnc. The Athenians return and capture Notium.
Nicias leads an Athenian cNpedition against the island of Miuoa, commanding Megara, and takes and fortifies it.
The annual invasion of Attica takes place under Cleomenes.
Peloponnesians at Cyllcnc, with I'.i ships, reinforced with the 40 from Lesbus, set out to reduce Corcyra before the 12
Athenian ships at Naupactus could be reinforced. Athenian ships from Naupactus arrive at Corcyra ; Peloponnesians
reach Sybota. The Corcyraeans man GO shijjs, and there is an indecisive battle ; when another CO
Athenian ships are sighted. The Peloponnesians, after ravaging Leucimme, sail away, dragging their sliips over
the isthmus at Leucas. A small party escapes from Corcyra and establishes itself at Istone on the nuiinland.
The Athenians despatch 20 ships to Sicily to aid the Leonliui.
426. —The Peloponnesians under Agis set out to invade Attica, but halt at Isthmus and retreat.
T'hirtj' ships arc sent from Athens under Demosthenes to harass the Pcloponncse. Tliey lay an andjush at EUomenus
in Leucadia and, joined bj- 30 ships from Corc3i'a, make a general attack on Leucas. Demosthenes, however, diverts
his forces to subdue the Aetolians about Naupactus. He lands at .SoUium, ami fixes his headquarters at Aeueum.
Thence advancing inland, he takes Potidanea, Crocyleum, Tichium, and Acgitium. The Aetolians muster and rout
the Athenians, the remnant escaping to Aeneum.
The Peloponnesians send troops to attack Naupactus. They muster at Delphi and march towards Naupactus. taking
Aeneum and Eupalium, and also Molycrium.
Meanwhile Demosthenes collects troops and throws himself into Naupactus.
Peloponnesians, despairing of success, withdraw to Aeolis with a view to an attempt on Amphilochian Argos.
Nicias, with 60 ships, is sent from Athens to reduce the island of Melus, but fails. He proceeds then to Oropus, and
marches to Tanagra, being joined by a force from Athens. After defeating the Tanagrans and 'i'hebans, Nicias, with
his fleet, ravages the Locrian coast.
The Andn-aciots take Olpae near Argos, and the Peloponnesians march from Proschium to join them, crossing the
and passing through the Stratian borders, Phytia, Medeon, and Linmaea, reach Mount Thyamus and get
Achelous :
safely to Olpae.
Demosthenes, reinforced with 20 ships,
I'eloponnesians are worsted and retreat.
takes command and blockades Olpae. In a battle which ensues the
A large force of .\mbraciots is waylaid by Demosthenes near Idomene
anil destroyed. The Athenians then go home, leaving 20 ships at Naupactus.
425.—Athenians, with 40 ships for Sicil}^ sail to assist the Corcyraeans on their way, but are induced by Demosthenes to
occupy Pylus. They raise a fort there and, leaving Demosthenes with five ships, proceed on.
The Peloponnesians also send 60 ships to help the Corcyraean exiles ; and also begin in the spring their annual
invasion of Attica under Agis. Hearing the news about Pylus, they recall the expedition from Attica, and also the
60 ships from Corcyra, whicli were hauled over the isthmus at Leucas.
The Athenian fleet proceeds only as far as Zacyntlms, and returns again to Pylus. The Peloponnesians occupy
Sphacteria to prevent the Athenians entering the harbour of P3IUS.
Demosthenes takes action both by land and sea, and Sphacteria is isolated.
Spartan land force, reaching Pylus, finds it impossible to relieve Sphacteria ; an armistice is arranged, but fails.
Hostilities are renew'ed, Sphacteria is stormed and surrenders.
Athenians, with 80 ships, land on Corinthian soil between the Chersonesus promontory and the Rheitus river, below
the Solygian hill. Corinthians, leavinga force at Cenchreae to protect Crommyon, go to meet tlu-m. The Athenians
get the best of the action, but seeing the men of Cenchreae coming up, they take to their ships, ravaging the territory
of Crommyon and Epidaurus, then cutting the isthmus at Methana, they leave a garrison tlierc, and return home.
The Athenian squadron, after the surrender of Sphacteria, resume their voyage to Sicily and, touching at Corcyra,
capture the fort at Istone.
The Athenians at Naupactus take Anactorium ; they also call upon Cliius to dismantle its walls.